Khanate

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Khanate (Turkish-Neo-Latin) or Chanat ( Persian خانات chānāt , Turkish Hanlık ) is the name for the historical state structures of the Turkish and Mongolian tribes in the sense of a medieval feudal state . They wereruledby a Khan (or Chan ), which is where the name comes from. For comparison for similar European state structures z. B. be called a principality or a kingdom .

A khaghanate (chaghanate) was larger and more powerful than a khanate - the relationship is comparable to that of a kingdom to an empire.

List of khanates

Bulgarian Khanates:

Successor to the Mongol Empire:
  • Khanate of the Golden Horde
  • Chagatai Khanate
  • Ilchanate
  • and the Empire of the Yuan Dynasty
  • The great empires of the Mongols :

    • The Mongol Empire (1190 to 1260) is also known as the Mongolian Great Khanate
    • Tschagatai Khanate (1229–1571), successor to the Mongol Empire, one of the so-called Four Great Mongol Khanates
    • Yarkant Khanate (1514–1680), on the territory of the Chagatai Khanate
    • Khanate of Mogulistan (14th / 15th century), in the east of the Chagatai Khanate
    • Ilchanat (1256–1335), successor to the Mongol Empire, one of the so-called Four Great Mongol Khanates
    • Ögedei Khanate (around 1225–1309), successor to the Mongol Empire
    • Khanate of the Golden Horde (1236–1502), also Kyptschak Khanate, successor to the Mongol Empire, one of the so-called Four Great Mongol Khanates
    • Orda Khanate , Khanate of the White Horde and Khanate of the Blue Horde , parts of the Golden Horde

    Other kingdoms below:

    Later, New Realms:

    Other gentlemen:

    Khanates in the Caucasus, particularly Azerbaijan; They gained independence from Persia after Nadir Shah's death in 1747 and later annexed by Russia :

    Map with khanates in the Caucasus (French), 2011

    Use of the term

    There are many historical states that were khanates, but for which the use of 'Reich' has become established (in German). These include (in the 10th – 12th centuries) the early Turkic-Mongolian empires of the Pechenegs , Keraiten , Merkites , Kara Kitai , Tatars and Naimans .

    literature

    • Marion Linska, Andrea Handl, Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Introduction to the ethnology of Central Asia. Lecture notes, Vienna 2003 ( researchgate.net , accessed on June 22, 2020).
    • Jürgen Paul : Central Asia . Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( New Fischer World History , Volume 10).

    Web links

    Wiktionary: Khanate  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

    Individual evidence

    1. Duden: the khanate .
    2. Marion Linska, Andrea Handl, Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Introduction to Anthropology of Central Asia. P. 65.
    3. cf. J. Paul: Zentralasien, 2012. The Ögedei Khanate comprised the area of ​​the Great Khan as well as the Dzungarei and the Altai area, p. 225. After the unsuccessful assassination attempt, the Ögedei khanate lost importance, p. 224
    4. Marion Linska, Andrea Handl, Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Introduction to Anthropology of Central Asia. P. 66.
    5. J. Paul: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 416