Karabakh Khanate
The Karabakh Khanate (Qarabağ xanlığı) was a state in what is now Azerbaijan , which existed from 1606 to 1822 . It consisted of Nagorno-Karabakh , Lower Karabakh and adjacent areas in present-day Armenia up to the Nakhichevan Khanate , which at times also belonged to the Karabakh Khanate.
history
Foundation and independence
The khanate was founded by the Afshars , an Oghuz tribe. The Khanate was founded in 1606, when the territory as a fief to the Qajar was awarded related family of Ziyadoglu. The founder of independence was Khan Panah-Ali (1693–1761) of the Javanshir family, who, after Nadir Shah's death in 1747, took advantage of the collapse of the Persian central power to dissolve the Khanate of Persia.
Khan Panah subjugated the five Armenian principalities in the neighborhood. Shah-Nazar of Varanda was the first to submit. These princes are also known as khamsa, which means five in Arabic . The capital was first Bayat, 1750–1752 the newly built city of Panahabad (today Şuşa ). From there, the subjugated princes could be better controlled. Panah later conquered other areas of Karabakh, as well as Meghri, Tatev, Sisian , Kapan and the Nakhichevan khanate .
Attacks by other khanates and the Persians
A year after the establishment of Panahabad, the khanate was attacked by the Persians under Khan Muhammed Hassan, who also claimed the Persian throne. This family belonged Qajar , which takes as Khans of Gandzha also had long ruled over Karabakh. Muhammad Hassan besieged Panahabad but soon withdrew as his heartland was attacked by another contender for the Persian throne, Karim Khan . He withdrew so hastily that he left his cannons in front of the fortress and with them he was attacked by Panah Ali on his retreat. Shortly afterwards, Panah Ali was able to conquer the Ardabil Khanate on the other side of the Macaw .
In 1759 the Khanate of Khan Fatali was attacked by the Khanate of Urmia . With his 30,000-strong army he was able to subjugate the Armenian princes of Jraberd and Talysh . After a six-month siege of Panahabad, Fatali withdrew again.
Panah's son Ibrahim-Khalil expanded the capital and named it Şuşa, which is also its current name. It was named after the next old village, Şüşükent. Under him, the Nakhichevan and Ardabil khanates were lost again.
In the summer of 1795, Karabakh was attacked by Aga Mohammed Khan , the son of Muhammad Hassan. This wanted to reunite Persia. To do this, he besieged Shusha with an 80,000-strong army. Khan Ibrahim Khalil Panah of Karabakh involved all strata of the population in the struggle to withstand the siege. The siege lasted 33 days and ended with a withdrawal by Agha Muhammad, who then moved against Tbilisi and captured it.
After Agha Muhammad became Shah of Persia, he tried again in 1797 to conquer Karabakh. After great destruction was wrought in the area around Shusha and in the city itself, Agha Muhammad succeeded in taking the city. Khan Ibrahim Khalil then fled to Dagestan . However, a few days later, Shah Aga Muhammad was murdered by his bodyguards. The Persian troops then withdrew and the Khan returned from exile.
Russian domination
In 1805 the Treaty of Kurekchay was concluded between Karabakh and the Russian Empire . After this treaty, Karabakh recognized Russia's supremacy in the region and relinquished sovereign rights. Also 8,000 gold rubles per year should be paid to Russia. For this, the Tsar should not interfere in internal affairs and recognize the Khan as ruler.
But in the same year Ibrahim-Khalil Panah was accused of high treason by the Russians and killed near Shusha with his family by Major Lisanevich. In 1813 Karabakh finally became Russian with the Treaty of Gulistan . This was confirmed again by the Peace of Turkmanchai in 1828.
In 1822 the khanate was dissolved and the Russian province of Karabakh was founded. Some members of the dynasty were later still active in Persia, for example Abdul Wakil Panah was Emir of Khorasan .
Ruler
- Ziyad Oghlu Qajar dynasty
- 1722 - May 1728 Khan Dawud
- 1728-1730 Makhithar
- 1730 - 1738 Khan Ughurlu II.
- 1743 Khan Chemskeseka
- Jawanshir dynasty
- 1747 - 1761 Khan Panah-Ali
- 1761 - June 14, 1806 Khan Ibrahim Khalil
- 1806 - October 1822 Khan Mahdi Quli
Source: rulers.org