Khoshuten Khanate

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The Choschuten Khanate was an empire in Tibet in which the Western Mongolian, Oirat tribe of the Choschuten and the Dalai Lama shared power. It was built in 1638 and destroyed in 1717.

prehistory

The Dalai Lama's Gelugpa sect had little support in Tibet around 1635. The 10th Karmapa and the governor or regent of Tsang in central Tibet had allied against them, supported by the Mongols under Chogtu and the prince of Beri in eastern Tibet. Mongolian troops repeatedly invaded Tibet and got as far as Drepung .

The Gelugpa received support from Khungtaidschi Batur and Gushri Khan from the Choschuten .

Emergence

The Choschuten , a subgroup of the Oirats nomadized under Gushri Khan in Amdo (= Qinghai), especially in the area around the Kokonor and Tsaidam .

The Choschuten had taken control of the Tibetan nomads, as far as eastern Jangthang, northern Kham and southern Amdo. Gushri Khan defeated the Chogtu Mongols in 1637, in 1638 he was made King of Tibet, and in 1639 he marched against Beri. In 1641 he had the fortress of Samzhubzê stormed, the ruler of Tsang captured and executed. After this seven-year war all opponents of the Gelugpa were eliminated and in 1642 the Khan handed over political power to the fifth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso .

Khanate

The form of government called Ganden Phodrang shared the violence:

  • The Dalai Lama had the spiritual power and appointed a desi (ie regent).
  • The Khoshi Khan had secular power.

List of khans:

After Gushri Khan, the khans were less interested in state business and preferred to roam nomadic fashion. The Desi therefore gained influence.

Khan Lhabzang wanted more power in Tibet again. The 6th Dalai Lama Tshangyang Gyatsho did not lead a life according to his rules, the desi he appointed, Sanggye Gyatsho, tried to poison Lhabzang. He then marched to Lhasa, seized all power and deposed the Dalai Lama. But with that he lost support in the Tibetan population. The situation became complicated when China interfered for the first time - unsuccessfully - in 1711.

Downfall

Tsewang Rabtan , Khan of the neighboring Djungarian Khanate wanted that, kindred because oiratischen , Choschuten to bring back under its control. In 1714 he arranged for his daughter to marry Lhabzang's son, and in 1717 disguised the campaign to Tibet as a return of the bride and groom. Lhabzang realized the trick too late, was unable to organize any resistance and was killed.

Now, however, the Manchurian Qing Emperor Kangxi intervened again in Tibet: He received the 7th Dalai Lama Kesang Gyamtsho , conquered Lhasa in 1720 and reinstated the Dalai Lama.