Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
A regional body of the Soviet Union was designated as the Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (ASSR) . According to Article 82 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , an Autonomous Republic was part of a Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR).
From 1956 to 1991 there were 20 Autonomous Soviet Republics, which were supposed to give the nationalities they named their names a certain amount of autonomy. In most cases, however , the titular ethnicity only represented a minority of the population.
A major difference to the Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR) was the lack of the right to leave the Soviet Union, as well as the number of MPs sent to the Union Soviet : an SSR sent 32, an ASSR only eleven, an autonomous area five, an autonomous district one MPs.
list
According to the last constitution of the Soviet Union of October 7, 1977, there were 20 Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, 16 of which were part of the Russian Federative Socialist Soviet Republic , two in the Georgian SSR (now Georgia ) and one each in the Azerbaijani SSR (now Azerbaijan ) and the Uzbek SSR (now Uzbekistan ).
Azerbaijani SSR:
- ASSR Nakhichevan , successor: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic
Georgian SSR:
- Abkhazian ASSR , successor: Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia (strives for independence from Georgia; de facto regime stabilized as Republic of Abkhazia since the armed conflict 1992/1993 )
- Adjarian ASSR , successor: Autonomous Republic of Adjara
Russian SFSR:
- Bashkir ASSR , successor: Republic of Bashkortostan
- Buryat ASSR , successor: Republic of Buryatia
- Dagestani ASSR , successor: Republic of Dagestan
- Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR , successor: Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
- Kalmuck ASSR , successor: Republic of Kalmykia
- Karelian ASSR , successor: Republic of Karelia
- ASSR of the Komi , successor: Republic of Komi
- ASSR of Mari , successor: Republic of Mari El
- Mordovian ASSR , successor: Republic of Mordovia
- North Ossetian ASSR , successor: Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
- Tatar ASSR , successor: Republic of Tatarstan
- Checheno-Ingush ASSR , successor: Republic of Chechnya and Republic of Ingushetia
- Chuvash ASSR , successor: Republic of Chuvashia
- Tuvan ASSR , successor: Republic of Tuva
- Udmurt ASSR , successor: Republic of Udmurtia
- Yakut ASSR , successor: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Uzbek SSR:
- Karakalpak ASSR , successor: Republic of Karakalpakstan
The number of these 20 Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics has been stable since the 1950s. In earlier times there were other ASSRs in several Soviet republics:
- in the Russian SFSR:
- Autonomous Soviet Mountain Socialist Republic ; January 20, 1921 to July 1924, then divided into several ASSRs of the North Caucasus
- Kabardian ASSR ; from 1944 to 1957 instead of the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR
- Kazakh ASSR ; from 1925 to 1936
- Kyrgyz ASSR ; from February 1, 1926 to December 5, 1936, then Kyrgyz SSR , now Kyrgyzstan
- ASSR of the Crimea ; from 1921 to 1944 (the Crimean peninsula only belonged to the Ukrainian SSR from 1954 )
- Turkestan ASSR ; from April 30, 1918 to October 27, 1924
- ASSR of the Volga Germans ; from January 6, 1924 (before that as a Soviet “labor commune” since October 19, 1918) to August 28, 1941
- in the Ukrainian SSR:
- Moldovan ASSR ; from October 12, 1924 to August 2, 1940; afterwards - enlarged by Bessarabia - Moldavian SSR , today Moldova
- in the Uzbek SSR:
- Tajik ASSR ; from October 14, 1924 to December 5, 1929; then Tajik SSR , today Tajikistan
In 1991, the Autonomous Soviet Republics in Russia and the Karakalpak ASSR in Uzbekistan declared themselves autonomous regions known as the Republic . The Autonomous Soviet Republics in Georgia and Azerbaijan were initially disbanded, but opposed - partly armed - the lifting of their autonomy.