Narva-Jõesuu (Narva-Jõesuu)
| Narva-Jõesuu (Narva-Jõesuu) | |||
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| State : |
 Estonia
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| Circle : |
 Ida-Viru
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| Founded : | 1994 (city rights) | ||
| Coordinates : | 59 ° 28 ′ N , 28 ° 2 ′ E | ||
| Area : | 11.03 km² | ||
| Residents : | 2,632 (December 31, 2011) | ||
| Population density : | 239 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Time zone : | EET (UTC + 2) | ||
| Community type: | city | ||
| Mayor : | Raivo Murd
(Ühtne Narva-Jõesuu) |
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| Postal address : | Koidu 25 29023 Narva-Jõesuu |
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| Website : | |||
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Narva-Jõesuu (historical German name Hungerburg , historical Russian name Гу́нгербург) is a city in the extreme northeast of the Republic of Estonia in the Ida-Viru district .
description
Narva-Jõesuu is located directly on the border with Russia , about fourteen kilometers northwest of the third largest Estonian city Narva .
The city is located at the mouth of the Narva in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea . The Estonian city name translated means "mouth of the Narva" or "Narvamünde". The river forms the Estonian-Russian state border .
Narva-Jõesuu has 2,632 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2011). More than two-thirds of the population are Russian-speaking residents .
history
The place probably originated in the 14th century. It was first mentioned in 1503 by the order master Wolter von Plettenberg as the "mouth of the Narova". The port, an outer port of the city of Narva, is also occupied from the 16th century. Since 1646 the place belonged to the domain of Narva. From the end of the 17th century there were lumber yards, sawmills and a small shipyard industry.
Today's city is said to have received the German name "Hungerburg" in 1704 from the Russian Tsar Peter I , who is said to have been depressed by the poverty of the local fishermen. In 1808 a lighthouse was built near the place.
Since 2017, the actual city with its extensive surrounding area has formed the municipality of Narva-Jõesuu . This includes u. a. the border area with Russia north and south of the administratively independent city of Narva and thus encloses the latter on the Estonian side.
spa
The town of Narva-Jõesuu, which emerged from the pilot and fishing village, developed in the second half of the 19th century into the preferred health resort of the upscale St. Petersburg and Moscow society.
The eight kilometer long white sand beach is lined with coniferous forests. It extends to the village of Meriküla along the Baltic Sea .
The opening of the railway line from Saint Petersburg via Narva to Tallinn in 1870 gave a boost to tourism. From 1873 Narva-Jõesuu was a bathing and recreation place, from 1894 an official health resort.
Numerous guesthouses, summer cottages and leisure facilities have been built in Narva-Jõesuu. The many wooden villas with numerous carvings and decorations bear witness to the rise of Narva-Jõesuu before the destruction of the Second World War . The place was soon named in travel advertisements " Riviera of the North" or "Pearl of the Narva Coast".
After a major fire at the end of the 19th century, the city was completely redesigned in the style of a health resort. The city was divided into a port area ("Port Narva") and a spa area ("Bad Narva"). The first water and therapeutic mud facility was established in 1896, followed by the famous Salzmann sanatorium in 1902. In 1913 the city had 2,500 inhabitants; 14,000 spa guests visited them each year.
Attractions
The famous Villa Capriccio with its white columns and the impressive portico was built in 1874 as one of the few stone buildings . The house with its balconies, balustrades and fountain was owned by Narva mayor Adolf Theodor Hahn . On Hahn's initiative, the establishment of the Narva-Jõesuu health resort began in 1873. His villa was badly damaged in 1944 and had to give way to a Soviet rest home built between 1965 and 1969.
In 1882 the representative Kursaal of Narva-Jõesuu with its wooden tower was inaugurated. The two-story building was built in Art Nouveau style. The building fell victim to a fire on May 1, 1910. In 1911/12 it was rebuilt according to plans by the Polish-Russian architect Marian Lalewicz . Like numerous buildings in Narva-Jõesuu, it fell victim to the Second World War . One wing of the Kursaal was rebuilt in the 1950s and used as a cultural center. It burned out in the early 1990s.
In 1944 the two churches of Narva-Jõesuus were also destroyed: the Orthodox Prince Vladimir Church built between 1890 and 1893 and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas, built between 1897 and 1900 . It was created according to plans by Rudolf Otto von Knüpffer . The rest home of the Kreenholm textile factory in Narva has been preserved.
After the state independence of the Republic of Estonia, the functionalist beach house ( Rannahoone ) was built in 1935 with cafes, bars as well as changing and relaxation rooms. It was destroyed in 1941.
After the Second World War
During the time of the Soviet occupation of Estonia between 1944 and 1990, Narva-Jõesuu was again an important seaside resort, which was mainly used by the residents of Leningrad . Many members of the nomenklatura had their dachas here . In addition, a sanatorium opened in 1961, as well as hotels and guest houses.
With the regaining of Estonian independence and the introduction of visa requirements for Russian citizens, tourism in Narva-Jõesuu fell sharply in the early 1990s. Today the city tries to reconnect to old times. In 2008 the Meresuu spa and health center was built. Narva-Jõesuu has had city rights since 1994 and is a recognized health resort. The only nudist beach in Estonia is located by the place .
Town twinning
lighthouse
The current lighthouse of Narva-Jõesuu on the west bank of the Narva River dates from 1957. It is the easternmost lighthouse in the Republic of Estonia.
The red and white striped lighthouse is 31.1 meters high. It is 34.9 meters above sea level.
Tank memorial
Four kilometers from Narva-Jõesuu on the Narva River is the only surviving Soviet tank monument in Estonia. It commemorates the Red Army's breakthrough on the Narva Front in 1944.
literature
- Baltic historical local dictionary. Part 1. Estonia (including Northern Livonia). Started by Hans Feldmann . Published by Heinz von zur Mühlen . Edited by Gertrud Westermann . Cologne, Vienna 1985 (= sources and studies on Baltic history. Volume 8/1), p. 124f. ( ISBN 3-412-07183-8 )
- Virve Orav: Narva-Jõesuu, mu kodu. Tallinn 2000
Web links
- Official website
- Entry in Eesti Entsüklopeedia (online version)
- Pictures and description (Estonian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ corresponds to free voter group
- ^ Thea Karin: Estonia. Cultural and scenic diversity in a historical borderland between east and west. Cologne 1994 (= DuMont art and landscape guide ) ISBN 3-7701-2614-9 , p. 170f.
- ↑ Indrek Rohtmets: Kultuurilooline Eestimaa. Tallinn 2004 ( ISBN 9985-3-0882-4 ), p. 194
- ↑ http://www.eestigiid.ee/?CatID=51
- ↑ http://www.postimees.ee/296807/laulva-rannaliivaga-narva-joesuu/
- ↑ http://register.muinas.ee/?menuID=monument&action=view&id=13989
- ↑ http://www.nude.ee/
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
