Juliet uprising

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July 4, 1917, Petrograd , Nevsky Prospect : Government troops shoot demonstrators with machine guns

As July Days , July crisis , July Revolution or July Putsch , an event which is the Russian Revolution of July 3 jul. / July 16, Greg. until July 7th jul. / July 20, 1917 greg. designated.

While Lenin in Finland bored, tried some leaders of the Bolsheviks , the failure of the Provisional Government of Kerensky Offensive to its collapse and thus to end the since the February revolution existing dual power use. This procedure is called a coup by various scientists .

However, the general strike that had been called failed, as did a poorly coordinated uprising by the Kronstadt sailors and Red Guards . They accompanied a demonstration with supposedly up to 500,000 participants to the Tauride Palace , the seat of both the Petrograd Soviets and the State Duma . There, they took the social revolutionary Agriculture Minister Viktor Chernov as a hostage after both his resignation and a transfer of power was denied to the Soviets. He was freed by Leon Trotsky , who warned the demonstrators not to "sully" their cause. An exchange of fire broke out on Nevsky Prospect and the demonstrators fled in a panic. More shootings followed, and after two days 500 people were killed and injured.

The dual power was thus actually ended, but in favor of the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks were temporarily defeated and forced back into illegality. The Prime Minister of the Provisional Government, Prince Georgi Evgenyevich Lvov , resigned. His successor was Minister of War Alexander Fyodorowitsch Kerensky , who thereby became a de facto dictator of Russia. Lenin had to go underground. The Bolsheviks therefore saw the only chance of taking power in an armed uprising. Their party congress, called at the end of July, therefore decided to prepare accordingly.

literature

  • Alexander Rabinowitch : Prelude to Revolution. The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising. Indiana University Press, Bloomington In et al. 1968 ( Indiana University International Studies ), (also: ibid. 1991), ISBN 0-253-20661-8 ( Midland Book edition ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Hildermeier : The Russian Revolution 1905-1921. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1989, p. 176 f.
  2. ↑ Manfred Hellmann : The Russian Revolution 1917. From the abdication of the tsar to the coup d'état of the Bolsheviks. dtv. Munich 1964, p. 255 ff .; Alexander Rabinowitch : Prelude to Revolution. The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1968, p. 202; Manfred Hildermeier: The Russian Revolution 1905–1921. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1989, pp. 166 and 174; Dieter Ruloff : The Soviet system of rule: emergence, structure, decline and end. in: Cord Jakobeit and Alparslan Yenal (eds.): Total Europe. Analyzes, problems and development prospects . Springer, Wiesbaden 1993, p. 36.
  3. ↑ Gerd Koenen : The color red. Origins and history of communism . Beck, Munich 2017, p. 675.
  4. ^ Richard Pipes : The Russian Revolution. Vintage Books, New York 1990, pp. 431-438.
  5. ↑ Christopher Read : Lenin. Abingdon 2005 p. 163 ff.

Web links

Commons : July days (1917)  - collection of images, videos and audio files