Maurus of Salerno

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Maurus von Salerno (* around 1130 in southern Italy , probably Calabria , † 1214 in Salerno ) was an Italian doctor and medical writer. As a university lecturer, he was one of the most famous doctors at the Salerno Medical School .

He came from a well-respected family in southern Italy. His student Gilles de Corbeil describes him in his "de laudibus compositorium" as "compatriot" of Urso of Calabria , which suggests that Maurus also came from Calabria.

He studied at the school of Salerno between about 1150 and 1160 with Matthaeus Platearius († 1161) and Petrus Musandinus , the pupil and successor of Bartholomäus von Salerno and taught medicine in a leading position at the school of Salerno from about 1165 to about 1200. In In his work Phlebotomia (or De Flebotomia ) he took on an adaptation of the pseudo-Hippocratic bloodletting tract called Phlebotomia Hippocratis , which dates back to the 8th century and was widespread in the Middle Ages , with which he also did the blood test (disease prognosis and diagnosis from the blood) as the standard method in medicine. Its adaptation was also passed down in German-language texts (for example in the 'Pharmacopoeia' of Ortolf von Baierland and in the so-called 'Upper German Aderlaßbüchel') from the late Middle Ages. His developed around 1160 in the Gulf of Naples Harnlehre that Regulae urinarum , deals as Harnregionenlehre especially with the urine inspection and was translated from 1180 (in Thuringia and Meissen) into German. Translations into other languages ​​and back translations into Latin followed.

literature

  • Faith Wallis: Maurus of Salerno. In: Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, Faith Wallis: Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge Chapman & Hall, New York et al. a. 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1 , p. 334. (English)
  • Gundolf Keil : Maurus of Salerno. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 897 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Buerschaper: A hitherto unknown bloodletting treatise by the Salernitan doctor Maurus: "De Flebotomia". Med. Dissertation Leipzig 1919.
  2. ^ Gundolf Keil: 'Phlebotomia Hippocratis'. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1154 f.
  3. ↑ Friedrich Lenhardt: Hematoscopy tracts (blood review tracts). In: Burghart Wachinger et al. (Hrsg.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, Volume 3. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, ISBN 3-11-007264-5 , Sp. 422-425.
  4. ↑ Friedrich v. Zglinicki : Uroscopy in the fine arts. An art and medical historical study of the urine examination. Ernst Giebeler, Darmstadt 1982, ISBN 3-921956-24-2 , p. 23 f.
  5. ↑ Gundolf Keil: The anatomei-term in the Paracelsus pathology. With a historical perspective on Samuel Hahnemann. In: Hartmut Boockmann, Bernd Moeller , Karl Stackmann (eds.): Life lessons and world designs in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Politics - Education - Natural History - Theology. Report on colloquia of the commission to research the culture of the late Middle Ages 1983 to 1987 (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen: philological-historical class. Volume III, No. 179). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1989, ISBN 3-525-82463-7 , pp. 336-351, here: p. 343.
personal data
SURNAME Maurus of Salerno
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian medical writer and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH around 1130
DATE OF DEATH 1214
Place of death Salerno