Bartholomew of Salerno

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Bartholomäus von Salerno (Latin Bartholomaeus Salernitanus ) was a 12th century doctor and teacher at the Schola Medica Salernitana in Salerno . He wrote several medical works, including a textbook that was widely used until the dawn of modern times.

Life

Bartholomew gained a high literary reputation; nevertheless his life dates are not known until today. Researchers try to determine spatial and temporal details from his correspondence with contemporary personalities such as the important Abbot of Cluny Petrus Venerabilis and King Louis VII of France . At least it seems certain that he could not have lived in Salerno all his life. Working in Paris (at least as a medical advisor) is not excluded. P. 77

Studies and teaching

Bartholomew of Salerno is considered a student of Constantinus Africanus , with whom the heyday of the medical school of Salerno (high Salerno) begins. The school emerged from the former hospice of the Monte Cassino monastery and was later referred to as the first (medical) university (although it was never officially named as such). The work of Bartholomew (Practica and articella) was supported by a chain of students and instructors at the school of Salerno as the acting in the mid-12th century doctor Peter Musandinus and further Maurus of Salerno and Urso of Calabria as well as Gilles de Corbeil continued The latter taught in Paris after studying in Salerno. Pp. 197-198 and 334

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Bartholomew of Salerno's main creative period was between 1150 and 1180. p. 77

With his "Practica (Introductiones et experimenta in practicam Hippocratis, Galieni, Constantini, graecorum medicorum)", Bartholomäus wrote a handbook of practical medicine divided into three treatises, both in its original Latin form and in translation in other language versions, starting with Ortolf von Baierland , especially in German, was widely used. The Practica (Bartholomaei) is one of the main writings from the heyday of the Salerno School and parts of it can be found in several medieval pharmacopoeias of the German-speaking area of ​​the 14th and 15th centuries. It was not only one of the Latin sources, but probably also gave its name to a pharmacopoeia from the East-Central German-Silesian area known as Bartholomäus at the end of the 12th century . See also Admonter Bartholomäus .

In addition, Bartholomew was the first author of an innovative collection of commentaries on the complete works of Articella known by name . Pp. 53–54 23 manuscripts for the Articella have been preserved in versions from the 12th to the 14th centuries. P. 77

Bartholomäus introduced Galen's " Ars medica (Tegni) " into the "Articella" anthology and played a pioneering role in the use of the Aristotelian " logic and natural philosophy " to explain medical concepts and terms. P. 77

In addition, Bartholomew mentions in his commentary on the isagogue of Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Johannitius) that he wrote a commentary on the Liber graduum by Constantinus Africanus.

Work editions

literature

  • AG Chevalier: The School of Salerno in: Salerno. Ciba magazine April 1938 No. 56 Contents: The beginnings of the school of Salerno, Constantinus Africanus, The "Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum": Hygiene Food Remedies Anatomy Physiology Pathology and Therapy, Of the medical art, The Salernitaner doctor, The rediscovery of the school of Salerno, The first German translations of the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, Fantastic healing regulations of the Salernitans, time table.
  • Gundolf Keil : Bartholomaeus Salernitanus. In: Burghart Wachinger u. a. (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, volume 1: 'A solis ortus cardine' - Colmar Dominican chronicler. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1978, col. 623-625.
  • Gundolf Keil: Bartholomaeus Salernitanus. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 150 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f see web link Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, Faith Wallis: Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia
  2. ↑ see web link School of Salerno as part of History of Medicine in newadvent
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Wegner: Peter Musandinus. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1131.
  4. ↑ a b see literature Chevalier: The school of Salerno
  5. ↑ Gundolf Keil: The Middle Latin translation of the urinary tract of "Bartholomaeus". Studies on the effect of the early German recipe literature. In: Sudhoff's archive for the history of medicine. Volume 47, 1963, pp. 417-455.
  6. ^ Christian Graeter: A Leipzig German Bartholomaeus. Medical dissertation Leipzig 1917.
  7. ↑ Joseph Haupt: About the md. Pharmacopoeia of the master Bartholomaeus. In: Meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences: philosophical-historical class , 71, (Vienna) 1872, pp. 451–566.
  8. ^ Poul Hauberg (Ed.): En middelalderlig dansk Laegebog. Copenhagen 1927.
  9. ↑ Ruth Spranger, Gundolf Keil: A Lambacher 'Barholomäus' fragment of the 13th century. Investigations into the Silesian recipe literature of the High Middle Ages, I. In: Würzburger medical historical reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 109-132.
  10. ^ Robert Priebsch : German prose fragments of the XII. Century, II: Fragments of the so-called Practica of Master Bartholomaeus. In: Modern Language Review 11, 1916, pp. 321-334.
  11. ^ Gundolf Keil: Middle Low German Bartholomäus. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 6, Col. 620-622; see. on this Sven Norrbom [ed.]: The Gothaer Middle Low German Pharmacopoeia and its clan. (Philosophical dissertation Upsala) Hamburg 1921 (= Middle Low German Pharmacopoeia. Volume 1).
  12. ↑ Ruth Spranger: The Latin prescriptions in the 'Breslauer Pharmacopoeia' (Cod. Rhed. 29 of the University Library of Breslau): Observations on the source question in the East Central German 'Bartholomäus'. In: Gundolf Keil (Ed.): Würzburger Fachprose-Studien. Contributions to medieval medicine, pharmacy and class history from the Würzburg Medical History Institute. Festschrift Michael Holler. Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 38), pp. 98–117.
  13. ↑ Walter Lawrence Wardale: The High German Bartholomäus. Critically commented text from a medieval pharmacopoeia based on the London manuscripts Brit. Mus. Add. 16,892, Brit. Mus. Arundel 164, Brit. Mus. Add. 17.527, Brit. Mus. Add. 34,304 [...]. Edited by James Follan, Dundee 1993.
  14. ↑ Joseph Haupt: Ueber das md. Pharmacopoeia of Master Bartholomew. In: Session reports of the philosophical-historical class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Volume 71, (Vienna) 1872, pp. 451-566.
  15. ↑ Gundolf Keil: 'Bartholomäus'. In: Burghart Wachinger u. a. (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, volume 1: 'A solis ortus cardine' - Colmar Dominican chronicler. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1978, columns 609-615.
  16. ↑ Gundolf Keil: 'Bartholomäus' and 'Middle Low German Bartholomäus'. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , pp. 148-150 and pp. 1000 f.
  17. ↑ Indicates that among the numerous unedited and unassigned medical treatises and texts of the twelfth century, other works by Bartholomew may be found.
personal data
SURNAME Bartholomew of Salerno
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bartholomaeus Salernitanus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian physician of the high Middle Ages
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH 12th Century