1213
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Calendar overview 1213
Map with all linked sites: | 1213 | |
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| 1213 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 661/662 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1205/06 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1756/57 (southern Buddhism); 1755/56 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 65th (66th) cycle
Year of the water tap癸酉 ( at the beginning of the year water monkey 壬申) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 575/576 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 591/592 |
| Islamic calendar | 609/610 (turn of the year 22/23 May) |
| Jewish calendar | 4973/74 (September 16-17) |
| Coptic calendar | 929/930 |
| Malayalam calendar | 388/389 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1523/24 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1524/25 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1251 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1269/70 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Franco-English War
King Philip II of France plans to invade England earlier this year . However, his vassal, Count Ferdinand of Flanders, demands the return of two cities in return for his participation in the invasion, which he previously had to cede to the king. Therefore, before setting off for England, the French king sails with his fleet to Flanders in order to enforce his sovereignty over Count Ferdinand. The French knight and mercenary leader Savary de Mauléon is in command of the fleet .
- May 28th : An English fleet of 500 ships under the command of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , leaves the English ports in the Franco-English War for rule in the Angevin Empire . On board are among others Rainald I von Dammartin, who was expelled by Philip II, and Count Wilhelm I of Holland , plus 700 knights and numerous mercenaries. Due to unfavorable winds, the fleet will not reach the Flemish coast until May 30th . In front of the port of Damme , the English discovered the French fleet of around 1,700 ships that was anchored there. Ships sent ahead for reconnaissance find out that the ships are manned only by the sailors, while the knights and soldiers are besieging nearby Ghent or plundering the surrounding area. Longespée then immediately orders the attack on the anchored fleet.
- May 30th : In the sea battle near Damme , the Royal Navy built by Johann Ohneland achieves a decisive victory. The English can board 300 ships of the defenseless French fleet, 100 more are sunk or burned. King Philip's plans for an invasion of England are thus temporarily thwarted.
- June: Another campaign by Johann in Poitou fails because the English barons again refuse to follow him across the canal.
Occitania / Iberian Peninsula
- January 15 : Pope Innocent III. , who has meanwhile lost confidence in the crusade leader Simon de Montfort , agrees with one of Count Raimund VI. A peace treaty drawn up by Toulouse and King Peter II of Aragón to end the Albigensian Crusade in Occitania , which is intended to limit de Montfort's conquests to the Trencavel lands. Three days later, however, crusade legate Arnold Amalrich rejects the peace plan.
- January 27th : Count Raimund VI. of Toulouse, Raimund Roger of Foix , Bernard IV of Comminges and Vice Count Gaston VI. von Béarn swear the feudal oath to the king of Aragón and thus place their domains under his protection. Peter II reminds Montfort of his vassal duties towards him and calls on him to retreat from all areas not allowed to him.
- May 21 : Innocent III. gives in to pressure from his legate and revokes his approval of the Tolosan-Aragonese peace plan.
- August 28th : Peter of Aragón crosses the Pyrenees with his army and sets up camp near Muret .
- September 12th : In the battle of Muret , the armies of Count Raimund VI. of Toulouse and his brother-in-law, King Peter II of Aragón , defeated by the troops of Simon IV de Montfort, who was loyal to the Pope. The king is killed in the battle, Raimund flees to England.
- With the accession of five-year-old James I , who is in the custody of Simons de Montfort, the great power politics of the Kingdom of Aragon is temporarily over.
- December 25th : Caliph Muhammad an-Nasir dies. His successor is his underage son Yusuf II. Al-Mustansir , with whom the decline of the Almohad empire in al-Andalus begins.
Other events in Europe
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In July, Friedrich had the document known as the "Gold Bull of Eger" issued in the chapel of Eger Castle .
- July 12th : Frederick II renounces certain royal rights in church matters in the gold bull of Eger and also transfers large areas of Italy to Pope Innocent III.
- September 28th : While King Andreas II of Hungary is on a campaign in Halitsch and Galicia, his wife Gertrud von Andechs is murdered in a nobility revolt. The reason for this is the outrage of the Hungarian nobility against the lavish allotment of royal lands to foreign nobles from Gertrude's circle of favorites. Gertrud's brother Berthold and Duke Leopold VI, who was a guest at the Hungarian court at the time . from Austria can escape injured.
Caucasus
- January 18 : Queen Tamar of Georgia dies. Her son Giorgi IV. Lascha ascends the Georgian throne. Various vassal states such as Ganjah and later Nakhichevan immediately tried to achieve independence and stopped paying tribute.
City rights and first documentary mentions
Founding privilege Count Adolf I von der Mark for the “opidum in Marca”, today Hamm
- Beginning of November: The city of Hamm is founded and receives the hammer city law based on the Soest city law .
- First documented mention of Ohne and Raperswilen
science and technology
- In Bologna , a medical faculty is developing alongside the law school .
Culture
- Gottfried von Villehardouin completes his Chronicle Histoire de la Conquête de Constantinople about the conquest and sacking of Constantinople by the Crusader army in 1204 .
- around 1213: The Occitan poet Wilhelm von Tudela wrote the first part of the poem Gesang vom Albigenserkreuzzug .
religion
- April 19 : Pope Innocent III. calls a council through the bull Vineam Domini Sabaoth . It takes place as the Fourth Lateran Council in November 1215 .
- Spring: With the bull Quia maior , Innocent III calls. on to another crusade .
- November 3rd : The Merxhausen Monastery is first mentioned in a document.
- The Đurđevi Stupovi monastery is founded.
- The presence of Jews in what is now Switzerland is first documented in Basel . This year, the Bishop of Basel orders the return of a pledge that he has deposited with a Jewish moneylender.
Born
Exact date of birth unknown
- Al-Malik al-Aziz Muhammad , Emir of Aleppo († 1236 )
- Jia Sidao , Chinese politician († 1275 )
- Lanxi Daolong , Chinese Chan master and calligrapher in Japan († 1278 )
- Patrick III , Guardian of Scotland († 1289 )
- Yanggönpa Gyeltshen Pel , founder of the Yanggön Kagyü school of Tibetan Buddhism († 1258 or 1287)
Born around 1213
- before: Joseph of Chauncy , English knight of the order († after 1283 )
- Johann I , Margrave of the Mark Brandenburg († 1266 )
Died
First half of the year
- January 18 : Tamar , Queen of Georgia (* 1160 )
- January 18 : Walther von Vatz , Bishop of Gurk
- April 13th : Guido von Thouars , Duke of Brittany
- after April 20: Mary of Montpellier , Queen of Aragon (* 1182 )
- June 7th : Lüthold von Aarburg , Bishop of Basel
- June 19 : Eleanor of Vermandois , Countess of Beaumont-sur-Oise and Saint-Quentin and Mistress of Valois (* 1152 )
- June: Giovanni dei Conti di Segni , Italian cardinal
Second half of the year
- July 23 : Maria von Oignies , Brabant mystic and beguine (* around 1177 )
- September 13 : Peter II , King of Aragón, Count of Barcelona, Girona, Osona, Besalú, Cerdanya and Roussillon (* around 1178 )
- September 18th : Bernard of Pavia , Bishop of Faenza and Pavia
Gertrud von Andechs with her husband Andreas II of Hungary (miniature in the landgrave psalter, around 1211-1213)
- September 28 : Gertrud von Andechs , Countess of Andechs-Meran and Queen of Hungary (* around 1185 )
- October 2nd : Geoffrey fitz Peter , English nobleman and legal advisor of England (* around 1162 )
- October: Frederick II , Duke of Lorraine
- December 12th : Wilhelm von Lüneburg , Duke of Lüneburg (* 1184 )
- December 15 : Gottfried , abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Münsterschwarzach (* around 1132 )
- December 17th : Johannes von Matha , founder of the Trinitarian order and saint of the Roman Catholic Church (* 1154 )
- December 25th : Muhammad an-Nasir , Caliph of the Almohads
Exact date of death unknown
- Eirik Ivarsson , Archbishop of Norway
- Karl Jónsson , Icelandic abbot and author of the Sverris saga
- Raymond of Antioch , son of the prince of Antioch
- Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi , Persian mathematician and astronomer (* around 1135 )
Died around 1213
- Kristin Sverresdatter , Queen of Norway (* around 1190 )
Web links
Commons : 1213 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
