poem
Poem (from Gr. Poiēma , poiesis "creation", poiēo "I do") is an educationally outdated synonym for a (longer) poem . In German today, the term is mostly used derogatory, in contrast to poem in English or poème in French is a neutral term for a poem or verse in general.
In Russian (and also in Bulgarian ) literature, poem ( Russian поэ́ма ) describes an extensive, often multi-part or cycle poetic work with lyrical and epic elements. The poem does not have a binding metric structure. It is characterized by the appearance of a lyrical subject who directly expresses his feelings and value judgments about the epic event.
The genre of the poem emerged from classicism . An early example is Mikhail Lomonosov's Pyotr Veliki from 1760/1761. It experienced its heyday in the Romantic era in the works of Alexander Pushkin and Michail Lermontow .
With Nikolai Alexejewitsch Nekrasow , ideological and moral issues moved more into focus and became characteristic of the genre up into the 20th century. From this point on, contemporary historical topics found their way, for example in Vladimir Mayakovsky's Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1924). Other representatives of the genre are Alexander Blok , Boris Pasternak , Marina Tsvetaeva and Anna Akhmatova . Concrete examples are:
- The conscious subject - Vladimir Mayakovsky
- The demon - Mikhail Lermontov
- In the kingdom of the forest fairies - Ivan Vazov
- Peter the Great - Mikhail Lomonosov
- Poem without a hero - Anna Akhmatova
- Poem from the Mountain - Marina Tsvetaeva
- Ruslan and Lyudmila ; Eugene Onegin ; The bronze rider - Alexander Pushkin
- Who lives happily in Russia? - Nikolai Nekrasov
Even Nikolai Gogol's Dead Souls and Venedikt Yerofeyev Moscow-Petushki bear the generic name "Poem".
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. DUDEN: German Universal Dictionary . 5th edition Dudenverlag, Manheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2003, p. 1221.
- ^ Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature. 8th edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2013, p. 614.