Wilhelm I (Holland)
Wilhelm I of Holland (* around 1170 ; † February 4, 1222 ) was Count of Holland from 1203 until his death .
family
He was the son of Count Florens III. von Holland and Adelheid von Huntingdon , daughter of Prince Henry of Scotland .
Wilhelm I married Adelheid von Geldern (* 1180; † February 4, 1218) daughter of Otto I von Geldern and Richardis von Bayern in 1197 . The children from this marriage are:
- Florens IV , Count of Holland (* 1210; † 1234)
- Otto III. , Bishop of Utrecht († 1249)
- Wilhelm († 1238)
- Ada († 1258), abbess in Rijnsburg from 1239
- Ricarda († 1262)
In 1220 he married Maria von Brabant († 1260), the widow of Emperor Otto IV. The marriage remained childless.
Life
He took in 1189 together with his father Florens III. participated in the Third Crusade under Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa . On this his father died in Antioch in 1190 .
After his return he rebelled against his brother Dietrich VII , who had taken over the paternal county of Holland. Wilhelm was supported by the Count of Flanders and the Frisians. In 1195, however, he and his allies were decisively defeated at Egmond by his sister-in-law Adelheid von Kleve and he had to give up his revolt.
After Dietrich's death in 1203, he resumed the struggle for successor in Holland, this time against Dietrich's daughter Ada and her husband Ludwig II , Count von Looz . By 1206 he had prevailed against his opponents.
In the battle between the Hohenstaufen and the Welf , he tended towards the Hohenstaufen camp. In 1214 he fought in the army of Emperor Otto IV in the battle of Bouvines . However, he soon changed sides and joined the French Crown Prince Louis (VIII) in his invasion of England in 1215/16.
His support for the Staufer party put him in the disgrace of Pope Honorius III. , which is why Wilhelm saw himself compelled to join the Fifth Crusade in 1217 .
In the summer of 1217 he set out from Holland for the Holy Land with a fleet of Dutch, Flemish and Frisian crusaders . In Portugal he let himself be persuaded by the local King Alfonso the Fat to spend the winter there and to conquer Al-Qasr , Setúbal and Rabeta Ruta from the Moors for him . He reached Acre by April 1218 . With his help, the conquest of the Egyptian city of Damiette succeeded in August 1219 after 16 months of siege and bitter fighting . After conquering the fortress, he considered his vow fulfilled and returned home.
His first wife had died in the meantime and in 1220 he married Maria von Brabant, the widow of Emperor Otto, for the second time. He died three years later.
literature
- Klaus van Eickels: William I . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 9, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-89659-909-7 , Sp. 147 f.
- PL Müller: Wilhelm I. Count of Holland . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 81-83.
- Post: Willem I . In: PC Molhuysen and PJ Blok (eds.): Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek . Deel 10. AW Sijthoff, Leiden 1937, col. 1210-1211.
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Dietrich VII. |
Count of Holland 1203–1222 |
Florens IV. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wilhelm I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wilhelm I of Holland |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Count of Holland, crusader |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1170 |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 4, 1222 |