Setubal
| Setubal | ||||||
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| Basic data | ||||||
| Region : | Lisboa | |||||
| Sub-region : | Lisbon metropolitan area | |||||
| District : | Setubal | |||||
| Concelho : | Setubal | |||||
| Coordinates : | 38 ° 31 ′ N , 8 ° 54 ′ W | |||||
| Residents: | 52,542 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
| Surface: | 25.78 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
| Population density : | 2038 inhabitants per km² | |||||
| Postal code : | 2900-276 | |||||
| Setúbal County | ||||||
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| Residents: | 121,185 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
| Surface: | 230.33 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
| Population density : | 526 inhabitants per km² | |||||
| Number of municipalities : | 5 | |||||
| administration | ||||||
| Administration address: | Câmara Municipal de Setúbal Praça de Bocage 2901-866 Setúbal |
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| President of the Câmara Municipal: | Maria das Dores Meira ( PCP ) | |||||
| Website: | www.mun-setubal.pt | |||||
Setúbal ( IPA [ sɨ'tubaɫ ]) is a city ( Cidade ) and a district ( Concelho ) in Portugal . It is located on the Península de Setúbal peninsula and belongs to the Estremadura landscape . The city is the capital of the Setúbal District .
history
The first settlers of this coastal region were Celts and Phoenicians coming from the south , who probably came here by boat from their areas. Witnesses of the Celtic settlement of this time are scattered throughout the area and tombs. Under the Romans (from 100 BC to 400 AD) there was strong fish processing activity in the Setúbal area. This is shown in particular by the excavations of the Roman settlement of Cetóbriga on the opposite Tróia peninsula , where there are still well-preserved port facilities and fish processing plants. After the Romans, around 410 AD, the Germanic tribes came to what is now Portugal, followed by the Visigoths around 600 AD. During this time, Troy decreased in importance because the dunes there constantly lay over the place. Other places in the area, such as Azeitão , because of its high fertility or Alcácer do Sal , because of the protected harbor, became more important among the Arabs.
From 711 and in the years thereafter, large parts of the Iberian Peninsula were conquered by the Moors, who ruled in the area of Setúbal until the 12th century. Some of the foundations of the old town go back to this time. After the Christian reconquest of the area and the proclamation of the Kingdom of Portugal, the Order of the Sword of Santiago was established in Palmela . Setúbal also received its first city charter in a "Carta Foral" from D. Paio Peres , the abbot of the order from Palmela. The city of Setúbal itself was conquered in 1217 under King Alfonso II with the help of a crusader army of the Fifth Crusade , which wintered in Portugal on the way to Palestine.
In 1343, work began on surrounding Setúbal with a closed city wall, of which there are still remains that survived the great earthquake of 1755. Setúbal developed more and more into an important Portuguese port, from which, among other things, many of the Portuguese voyages of discovery started. The discoveries brought great wealth to the city under King D. Afonso V and later under Henry the Navigator . In the 15th century, the Franciscans constructed the Convento de Jesus in Setúbal, with which the city grew into an ecclesiastical center. From 1487 a water pipe to Setúbal was built by King D. João II, which led to a further increase in the city's population. In 1522, the then King D. Filipe II had the Fort S. Filipe built, which still exists today.
During this time, too, the muscatel was mainly planted on limestone soil in the Mediterranean-like climate of Setúbal's surroundings. The balanced climate and the charming landscape attracted the Lisbon nobility, who had their palaces and country houses built here in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. In the meantime, Lisbon has pushed its way across the Tagus, and to this day the suburbs continue to grow along the expressway towards Setúbal.
At the beginning of the 18th century, S. Francisco Xavier was elected patron saint of the city. In 1755 the great earthquake with tsunami destroyed many houses in Setúbal and the entire lower area. Setúbal was granted town charter in 1860. The 19th century brought Setúbal further expansion and made it an industrial center of the country. The railway connection between Barreiro and Setúbal, completed in 1863, also contributed to industrialization . In 1926 Setúbal was named the district capital and in 1975 the seat of the diocese.
Serra da Arrábida nature reserve
The Serra da Arrábida extends west of Setúbal on the coast facing away from the sea. There are a number of rare plants and animals here, some of which are only found there. Therefore the area was placed under protection. The nature park extends with an area of 10821 ha on an up to 8 km wide and 22 km long strip along the coast. Its borders are formed by the cities and villages of Sesimbra and Santana in the west, Azeitão and Quinta do Anjo in the north and Palmela and Setúbal in the east. According to the landscape structure, the area belongs to the Estremadura. Today it is incorporated into the administrative district of the Setúbal district and occupies parts of the districts of Setúbal, Palmela and Sesimbra. However, devastating forest fires have decimated the forest area considerably in recent years. These are often linked to arson and land speculation.
Generally valid definitions and uniformity of protection terms such as nature park, nature reserve etc. do not exist in Portugal. The respective regulations are set out individually for each protected area. The area of the Parque Natural da Arrábida has been divided into different protection zones. The Reservas Integrais (similar to a German nature reserve) enjoy the strongest protection. No human activities are tolerated here, entry is only permitted with the approval of the park administration for scientific purposes. There are three Reservas Integrais that encompass the large forest areas (Mata do Solitário, Mata Coberta, Mata do Vidal).
The Reservas Naturais Parciais have a lower protection status. This includes areas that are particularly protected due to their vegetation (Reserva Botânica), geology (Reserva Geológica) or fauna (Reserva Zoológica). These areas largely include the remaining areas of the Serra da Arrábida and the Serra do Risco. In these areas, any destruction or impairment of animals, plants, soil, rock formations or cultural and historical buildings is prohibited, as is agricultural, forestry or industrial use. Exceptions are u. a. “Indispensable work”, which probably includes the Secil cement factory near Outão with its extensive quarries and the large quarries near Pedreiras (Serra do Risco).
Culture, leisure and sights
Monuments, beaches and parks
The architectural monuments of Setúbal include a variety of mansions , town houses and city palaces, religious buildings , stone fountains, historical public buildings, an aqueduct, archaeological excavations, industrial buildings and historical and modern residential areas. At fortifications are u. a. to see the Castle of São Filipe , the Fort of Santiago do Outão and the Fort of Albarquel . The historic center of the city of Setúbal is also listed in its entirety.
The Convento de Jesus ( Jesus Monastery) from 1492 is considered to be the first building of the Manueline style. Here the Treaty of Tordesilhas was ratified in 1494 .
In and around Setúbal, various beaches invite you to swim. In addition to the seaside resorts on the Tróia peninsula , these are all beaches in the Arrábida nature reserve, including Albarquel, Figueirinha, Galapos and Portinho da Arrábida.
A number of parks and green spaces exist in Setúbal, including the Jardim do Bonfim .
Museums
The municipal museum Museu de Setúbal is housed in the Convento de Jesus and shows its extensive collection of paintings, handicrafts, furniture, goldsmithing and sacred art from the 15th to 17th centuries. The city museum also has three branch offices. On the one hand the Casa de Bocage , a museum housed in the birth house of Bocage (1765–1805), which is dedicated to the life and work of the poet. On the other hand, the Casa do Corpo Santo , in which the Museu do Barroco u. a. shows a permanent exhibition of nautical instruments. The third branch is the Casa Sebastião da Gama, dedicated to the life and work of the poet and educator Sebastião da Gama (1924–1952).
The Museu do Trabalho (German: Museum of Labor) was renamed the Museu do Trabalho Michel Giacometti after the death of the French ethnologist Michel Giacometti (1929–1990) . This left the museum with an extensive collection of agricultural implements, which is exhibited here. Another permanent exhibition is dedicated to the history of the tin can, particularly in relation to the regional food industry.
A museum is to be set up in the house where the singer Luísa Todi (1753–1833) was born, but it is still pending. During her lifetime, the singer was considered the most famous singer in Europe, alongside the German Elisabeth Mara , with whom she competed. At the time, Europe was divided into deathists and maratists among music lovers .
The Museu de Arqueologia e Etnografia do Distrito de Setúbal , founded in 1974, deals with the archaeological and ethnographic excavations and finds of the region. It also maintains a specialist library with around 5000 volumes and publishes the Setúbal Arqueológica magazine.
The Maritime Museum Museu Oceanográfico Luís Saldanha should also be mentioned .
Regular events
The Festróia , an international film festival founded in 1985, has been taking place in Setúbal since 1995 . It is the only one of the 30 or so Portuguese film festivals to be accredited by FIAPF .
Sports
The most important sports club in the district is Vitória Setúbal , founded in 1910 , whose first football team plays in the Portuguese First League , and which plays its home games in Estádio do Bonfim . In addition to soccer and futsal, the club also practices aikido , handball, athletics, judo, gymnastics and gymnastics, motor sports, chess and table tennis.
The internationally known football coach José Mourinho (* 1963 in Setúbal) is still a supporter of the club, for which his father Félix Mourinho was already active as a player and then as a coach.
administration
circle
Setúbal is the seat of a district of the same name ( concelho ). The neighboring areas are (starting clockwise in the north): Palmela , Sesimbra , Alcácer do Sal , Grândola and the Atlantic Ocean. Setúbal also acts as the capital of the Setúbal district , which is the administrative seat and place of jurisdiction for the above-mentioned districts.
With the regional reform in September 2013 , several municipalities were merged into new municipalities, so that the number of municipalities decreased from eight to five.
The following municipalities ( Freguesias ) are in Setúbal County:
| local community | Population (2011) |
Area km² |
Density of population / km² |
LAU code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azeitão (São Lourenço e São Simão) | 18,877 | 69.32 | 272 | 151209 |
| Gâmbia-Pontes-Alto da Guerra | 5,885 | 32.97 | 179 | 151207 |
| Sado | 5,783 | 65.49 | 88 | 151208 |
| São Sebastião | 52,542 | 25.78 | 2,038 | 151205 |
| Setúbal (São Julião, Nossa Senhora da Anunciada e Santa Maria da Graça) | 38,098 | 36.77 | 1,036 | 151210 |
| Setúbal County | 121.185 | 230.33 | 526 | 1512 |
Population development
| 1801 | 1849 | 1900 | 1930 | 1960 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2004 | 2008 |
| 15,442 | 15,060 | 35,990 | 50,456 | 56,344 | 98,366 | 103,634 | 113.934 | 120.117 | 124,555 |
Municipal holiday
- September 15th
Twin cities
Town twinning
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Cooperations
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traffic
Setúbal is connected to the Portuguese railway network via the Linha do Sul .
Local public transport is provided by Fertagus trains and bus routes. a. the Transportes Sul do Tejo ensured.
Setúbal is part of the Rede Expressos national bus network.
The A12 motorway connects Setúbal with the country's motorway network.
There are ferry connections to the Tróia peninsula.
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sons and daughters of the town
A number of famous personalities were born in Setúbal. The most important son of the city is the poet Bocage (1765–1805), the most internationally known personality from Setúbal is currently the football coach José Mourinho (* 1963).
In addition, people such as the opera singer Luísa Todi (1753–1833), the eccentric footballer Vítor Baptista (1948–1999) or the Olympic athlete Susana Costa (* 1984) should be mentioned.
Web links
gallery
Largo da Misericórdia square in the city center
Setúbal cliff
The square at the town hall
Setúbal beach
The old fishing port
The pousada at the São Filipe fortress
The Setúbal aqueduct
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ a b Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ www.monumentos.pt , accessed on September 2, 2013
- ↑ Publication of the administrative reorganization (PDF) in the Diário da República law gazette of January 28, 2013, accessed on March 16, 2014
- ↑ a b mun-setubal.pt ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Portuguese, at mun-setubal.pt, accessed April 19, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f School project Comenius on schlossbergschule.de, accessed on April 18, 2010
