Frohnleiten

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Borough
Frohnleiten
coat of arms Austria map
Coat of arms of Frohnleiten
Frohnleiten (Austria)
Frohnleiten
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Styria
Political District : Graz area
License plate : GU
Surface: 153.84 km²
Coordinates : 47 ° 16 '  N , 15 ° 19'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 16 '13 "  N , 15 ° 19' 28"  E
Height : 438  m above sea level A.
Residents : 6,542 (January 1, 2020)
Postcodes : 8130, 8131
Area code : 03126, 03867
Community code : 6 06 63
NUTS region AT221
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Brucker Strasse 2
8130 Frohnleiten
Website: www.frohnleiten.org
politics
Mayor : Johannes Wagner ( ÖVP )
Municipal Council : (2020)
(25 members)
17th
8th
17th 8th 
A total of 25 seats
Location of Frohnleiten in the Graz-Umgebung district
Deutschfeistritz Dobl-Zwaring Eggersdorf bei Graz Feldkirchen bei Graz Fernitz-Mellach Frohnleiten Gössendorf Gratkorn Gratwein-Straßengel Hart bei Graz Haselsdorf-Tobelbad Hausmannstätten Hitzendorf Hitzendorf Kainbach bei Graz Kalsdorf bei Graz Kumberg Laßnitzhöhe Lieboch Nestelbach bei Graz Peggau Raaba-Grambach Sankt Bartholomä Sankt Marein bei Graz Sankt Oswald bei Plankenwarth Sankt Radegund bei Graz Seiersberg-Pirka Semriach Stattegg Stiwoll Thal Übelbach Premstätten Vasoldsberg Weinitzen Werndorf Wundschuh Graz SteiermarkLocation of the community Frohnleiten in the Graz-Umgebung district (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Frohnleiten, seen from the Gschwendberg
Frohnleiten, seen from the Gschwendberg
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria
Frohnleiten around 1830, Lith. Institution JF Kaiser, Graz
Town hall Frohnleiten
Leobener Tor, part of the former city fortifications

Frohnleiten is a town with 6542 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Graz-Umgebung district in the Austrian state of Styria .

geography

The city is located 30 km north of the provincial capital Graz directly on the Mur , the most important river in the state, where the Middle Mur Valley narrows between the Upper Styrian transport hub Bruck an der Mur and Graz. The Mur forms a breakthrough valley between the high mountains of the Gleinalpe and Hochlantsch and offers picturesque views in the bends. The region is also easily accessible from the north-west through the Gleinalm tunnel of the Pyhrn motorway.

Community structure

The community consists of 15 cadastral communities (area 2016):

The municipality includes the following 24 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Adriach (369) including Adriach-Rabenstein and Adriach-Reising
  • Badl (65)
  • Brunnhof (88)
  • Frohnleiten (3096)
  • Gams (170) including Altenberg, Pöllagraben and Ratlosgraben
  • Gamsgraben (29)
  • Gschwendt (280)
  • Hofamt (71) including Arzwaldgraben and Schenkenberg
  • Kuehau (37)
  • Laas (97) including Dürnberg
  • Laufnitzdorf (304) including Am Anger, Laufnitzberg and Wiesersiedlung
  • Laufnitzgraben (0)
  • Lieutenant Günther-Siedlung (79)
  • Maria Ebenort (85)
  • Peugen (41)
  • Pfannberg (62)
  • Röthelstein (193)
  • Rothleiten (304) including Weyer
  • Schoenau (342)
  • Schrauding (94)
  • Schrems (305)
  • Ungersdorf (69)
  • Front chamois (180)
  • Wannersdorf (182)

Incorporations

  • On January 1, 1952, the municipality of Mauritzen was incorporated.
  • On January 1st, 1992 the community of Rothleiten was incorporated.
  • On January 1, 2015, the formerly independent communities Röthelstein and Schrems near Frohnleiten were incorporated as part of the Styrian community structure reform.

Neighboring communities

Four neighboring communities are in the Graz-Umgebung district, two in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag (BM) district and one each in the Leoben (LN) and Weiz (WZ) districts.

Bruck an der Mur (BM) Pernegg on the Mur (BM) Pernegg on the Mur
Leoben (LN) Neighboring communities Fladnitz an der Teichalm (WZ)
Ubelbach Deutschfeistritz Semriach , Peggau

history

Building of the former district court
The monastery on the main square, formerly Servites, Franciscans until September 2018

In 1939, a latène period burial ground was discovered during road works south of the village in the Mur valley . Seven cremation burials were uncovered during the subsequent emergency excavation . Since the grave goods had been mixed up during the recovery and storage, the assessment is difficult. The men's graves were assigned weapons - iron swords, belt chains for attaching swords to the sword scabbards, lance and arrow tips, shield humps , as well as the partially preserved oval shield. In addition, cutting knives, razors and scissors were counted. A rasp and a small saw come from a presumed fine craftsman's grave. Bracelets, glass beads and a bronze belt link chain have been preserved from the women's graves. Ceramic finds have arisen from local production. The fibulae, which were also found, place the grave finds in the Middle Latène period (320–150 BC).

The market was founded around 1280 by the Counts of Pfannberg , who sat in the nearby castle and built a bridge over the Mur. This bridge was economically very important because the main flow of traffic to Graz shifted to the left bank of the Mur. That is why a smuggler route was also developed between Leoben and Frohnleiten over the Gamsgraben and Gössergraben to avoid the bridge toll. The place was built high above the banks of the Mur. The original name Vreyliten (1306) means free guidance , that is, free slope, green meadow .

During the Second World War , children of Slovenian resistance fighters were brought to Frohnleiten and distributed from there to other camps.

Frohnleiten was raised to a municipality on October 1, 2001.

At the end of February 2015, the highway bridge under construction in the direction of Graz collapsed over the ÖBB railroad tracks. Nobody was harmed in this incident. The completion of the bridge was delayed by three months. see also: Frohnleiten bridge collapse

Population development

Frohnleiten has suffered from permanent emigration since the 1970s . From the peak of 7,000 inhabitants in 1970, only 6,000 remained in 2017, plus the residents of the incorporated municipalities, Frohnleiten has 6,712 inhabitants. The city is thus one of the biggest losers in the Graz-Umgebung district , as almost all other municipalities are recording population increases.
Statistically speaking, Frohnleiten is also the “oldest municipality” in the Graz-Umgebung district, because the average age of a Frohnleitner is 45.9 years.


Culture and sights

View of the historic city center of Frohnleiten

Frohnleiten is also known for the fact that there is an exit from the main square that is heated. This stems from the city's former wealth, which once referred to the landfill. However, as is often rumored, there is no underfloor heating for the main square.

As part of the European competition “ Entente Florale Europe ”, Frohnleiten was awarded a gold medal in the city category in 2000.

freetime and sports

  • Football: SV Frohnleiten football has been playing in the national league since the 2010/11 championship season . The Frohnleiten sports stadium offers space for around 1500 visitors (500 seats, 1000 standing places).
  • Fistball: With the SV MM fistball club, Frohnleiten has another figurehead. In the 2012/13 season, promotion to the 1st Bundesliga was missed on the field. In the national league was again SV MM 1 before SV MM 2. In the hall, the same picture in the national league. The Bundesliga team has once again been promoted to the top division. Special mention should be made of the international fistball tournament, which was held for the 38th time in 2013.
  • Ice hockey: The EC Panthers Frohnleiten is the ice hockey team from Frohnleiten. Frohnleiten has been playing in Austria's third-highest ice hockey league since the 2014/15 season. The venue is the Frohnleiten ice rink.
  • Table tennis: The table tennis club in Frohnleiten has existed since 1994. The operation takes place in the sports hall Frohnleiten .
  • Riding: The Frohnleiten Riding Club (RC Frohnleiten) was founded in 1994. You can ride on the equestrian center in Schrauding. Top tournaments across Europe take place here several times a year.
  • Tennis: In 1980, the Sparkasse Frohnleiten tennis club (TC Frohnleiten) set up shop on the Grünanger tennis courts. The club is a member of the Styrian tennis championship.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

S35 in the municipality of Frohnleiten
  • Road : The Bruck expressway S35 runs through the municipality of Frohnleiten . The connection points (from north to south) Röthelstein , Laufnitzdorf , Rothleiten , Frohnleiten-Nord (HA St) , Frohnleiten-Süd and Badl - Peggau are located within the municipal boundary .
    At the roundabout at the Frohnleiten-Süd junction , Rechberg Straße B64 branches off to Schrems , Passail and Weiz .
    The state road L121 , which runs from Bruck / Mur to the end of Peggau, runs right through Frohnleiten . There are seven Mur bridges in the municipality .
  • Bus : Regional buses on line 100 (operated by the Watzke bus company) run from Frohnleiten to Graz and Bruck an der Mur, among others. In addition, Frohnleiten is a stop on the regional bus route 160 operated by Niederl from Passail Hauptplatz to Graz Lendplatz . The Frohnleitner bus company Eibisberger carries out numerous operations for the Postbus, and ski and holiday trips are also offered.
    The micro-public transport project "GUST-Mobil" has existed in the Graz-Umgebung district since summer 2017. Resident bus and taxi companies offer trips for residents at reasonable prices. For this purpose, GUST-Mobil stops were set up. The population of Frohnleitn makes great use of this new public transport offer.
  • Railway : Frohnleiten station is on the Austrian Southern Railway . The S-Bahn line 1 runs every hour (in rush hour every 15 to 30 minutes) to Graz main station and Bruck an der Mur . Regional express trains also stop in Frohnleiten, offering direct connections in the direction of Unzmarkt , Selzthal and Mürzzuschlag . Frohnleiten train station has been extensively renovated and rebuilt since June 2016. Until then, the station was not barrier-free and not up to date with the latest technology. The station is now being renovated for 78 million euros. The old station building will be demolished, the two existing platforms will be renovated and a third will be rebuilt, the state road underpass will be rebuilt and the tracks and switches will also be completely renewed. The reopening took place on October 18, 2019. In future, S-Bahn trains will run to Graz Hbf every 15 or 30 minutes and to Bruck an der Mur every 30 or 60 minutes.
  • Airport : Graz Airport is about 40 km from Frohnleiten. The sports field of the New Middle School is used as a helipad in an emergency.
  • Bicycle traffic : The Mur Cycle Path R2 leads across the main square of Frohnleiten on the right bank . Covered by the high S35 bridge, a pedestrian-bike bridge leads over the Mur.

Established businesses

The main axis of the Frohnleitner economy is the landfill . In the 1970s to 1990s, this ensured the community's economic boom. However, the landfill is also responsible for the municipality's extremely high mountain of debt, which amounts to 56 million euros.
In Frohnleiten there are companies in the wood processing industry, technical office for aviation and mechanical engineering and the like. v. m. The Frohnleiten Forest Railway was in operation from 1925 to 1951.

Other companies

Public facilities

  • The Red Cross rescue center in Frohnleiten supplies the surrounding communities ( Semriach and Peggau ).
  • The area of ​​activity of the volunteer fire brigade Frohnleiten and the volunteer fire brigade Röthelstein is the entire city area, as well as the surrounding localities belonging to the community.

There is also the company fire the company Mayr-Melnhof Karton .

The municipality of Frohnleiten has been offering a news magazine as part of the cable TV service since March 2019. Skyline TV deals with topics from business, art, culture and social issues. New programs are produced weekly and broadcast four times a day. These posts are also available on YouTube.

education

Kindergartens and crèches

There are three kindergartens in Frohnleiten:

  • Parish kindergarten Frohnleiten
  • Pinocchio Kindergarten Frohnleiten, since summer 2017 in the area of ​​the renovated parish kindergarten.
  • Kindergarten and crèche Röthelstein, in the district Röthelstein
  • Regional office of child minders in Styria, on the main square

schools

  • Elementary school
  • New middle school
  • Technical school for health and nursing
  • music school
  • Adult Education Center, a branch of the VHS Graz-Umgebung

There used to be two elementary schools in Frohnleiten and one elementary school in Laufnitzdorf until 2012 . In 2015, the Frohnleiten secondary school was converted into a new middle school.

Some of the Frohnleitner students attend a school outside of town. In these cases these are mostly the Polytechnic School in Deutschfeistritz , the Bundesgymnasium Rein , the HTL Kapfenberg , the HTL Bulme Graz-Gösting and other schools in Bruck an der Mur , Kapfenberg and Graz .

700 pupils are currently being taught at the elementary school and the new middle school in Frohnleiten. Most of them come from the communities of Frohnleiten, Breitenau , Fladnitz and Pernegg .

Education center Frohnleiten: renovation and new building: 2015 saw the groundbreaking for an education center in Frohnleiten. 5.18 million euros was invested by the state of Styria and the municipality of Frohnleiten to renovate the older and dilapidated buildings of the elementary school and middle school. The elementary school and the new middle school were completely renovated, in addition to newly furnished classrooms, new water and heating pipes and an extension to the elementary school, the outer walls were also newly plastered and painted. The new infrastructure now offers enough space and resources for an all-day school. A music school was also built from scratch in the area of ​​the education center. After almost two years, the project was completed at the start of the 2016/2017 school year.

Since October 2008 there is a youth center (JUZ) in the area of ​​the new middle school. This often organizes workshops, tournaments and excursions for the Frohnleitner youth.

elections

Municipal council

City council election 2020
 %
70
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
61.01%
(+26.79  % p )
27.20%
(-11.61  % p )
3.40%
( n. K. )
2.64%
(-4.93  % p )
1.72%
( n.k. )
1.29%
(none)
Otherwise.



The municipal council consists of 25 members. Since the municipal council election on March 22, 2015, the following mandate distribution has existed: 10 SPÖ, 9 ÖVP, 5 WIR (Wir Frohnleitner), 1 FPÖ. The turnout fell from 79.52% in 2010 to 75.25% in 2015. The KPÖ and the Röthelstein economic list did not stand for election in 2015. The current mayor, Johannes Wagner, is now acting as the “people's mayor”, since the former mayor Kurasch is now holding the scepter in his hand again after a personnel rogue in the SPÖ, although he actually said goodbye to community politics in 2015. A tense relationship between the parties and a large mountain of debt make it currently not easy for the municipality to conduct objective politics.

State Parliament of Styria

State election 2019
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
39.42%
(+ 13.36  % p )
28.39%
(-7.93  % p )
9.79%
(+ 4.79  % p )
13.32%
(-11.07  % p )
4.78%
(+0.58  % p )
4.30%
(+ 0.25  % p )
Otherwise.



In the 2015 state elections, the SPÖ in particular suffered a setback, falling from 52% to 36%. The ÖVP stagnated and was able to defend second place. The FPÖ was able to catch up from just under 10% in 2010 to just under 25%. The Greens and the KPÖ were able to grow slightly. NEOS and the Stronach team missed the 4% hurdle by far.

National Council

National Council election 2017
(68.4% turnout, 0.7% invalid votes)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
31.30%
(-3.40  % p )
28.30%
(+ 13.30  % p )
28.80%
(+ 5.10  % p )
1.90%
(-6.40  % p )
5.00%
(+1.60  % p )
0.50%
(-0.60  % p )
3.20%
( n.k. )
1.00%
(-12.70  % p )



In the 2017 National Council election, the national trend emerged in Frohnleiten: the ÖVP and FPÖ grew strongly in Frohnleiten, while the Greens lost massive support. The Neos jumped the 4% hurdle for the first time, the Pilz list stayed just below that.

Eu Parliament

In the 2014 EU parliamentary election in Frohnleiten, the SPÖ clearly won ahead of the FPÖ, and the People's Party is only in third place. The liberal party and the Greens were able to record an increase in votes. Surprisingly, the NEOS in Frohnleiten were able to achieve more percentage points than in the nationwide result. The BZÖ and many other small parties achieved less than 4%.

Federal President

Election of the Federal President 2016 - first round of voting
38.4%
13.2%
21.6%
16.2%
8.7%
1.8%
Hofer Van der Bellen Griss Hundstorfer Khol Liar
Result of the
repeated
runoff election in
2016
46.8%
53.2%
Van der
Bellen 		Hofer

In the first round of the federal presidential election, Norbert Hofer came first in Frohnleiten. Irmgard Griss did particularly well in Frohnleiten, because she left Rudolf Hundstorfer and Alexander Van der Bellen behind. Hundstorfer was even able to overtake Van der Bellen in Frohnleiten, who did very poorly with around 13%. Andreas Khol also did worse than in the nationwide result. Richard Lugner achieved 1.8%.

In the final election as Federal President of the Republic of Austria, Norbert Hofer won in Frohnleiten with around 53%, ahead of Alexander Van der Bellen, who achieved 46.8%.

mayor

  • 1932–1938 Dr. Franz Ammann
  • 1938-1939 Alois Haas
  • 1939–1944 Karl Gollesch
  • 1944–1945 Franz Erblehner
  • 1945–1946 Dr. Franz Ammann
  • 1946–1952 Wilhelm Scheucher
  • 1952–1955 Karl Derler sen.
  • 1955–1977 Wolfgang Fürstenberger
  • 1977-2004 Peter Gottlieb (SPÖ)
  • 2004-2005 Wolfgang Thomann (SPÖ)
  • 2005-2007 Manfred Grundauer (SPÖ)
  • 2007-2013 Johann Ussar (SPÖ)
  • 2013–2015 Jörg Kurasch (SPÖ)
  • since 2015 Johannes Wagner (ÖVP)

At 27 years of age in the office of mayor, Peter Gottlieb was considered a “miracle mayor”. He had the Frohnleitner garbage dump built. As a result, the community quickly became very wealthy and he began to expand the infrastructure. A sports hall, an underground car park and a new main square were built.

coat of arms

  • Coats of arms of the previous municipalities

  • Röthelstein

  • Schrems near Frohnleiten

All previous municipalities each had a municipality coat of arms. Due to the amalgamation of municipalities, these lost their official validity on January 1st, 2015.

The municipal coat of arms for Frohnleiten was awarded with effect from August 1, 1985.
The blazon (description of the coat of arms) reads:

“In a red shield, a water-colored river that fills the lower edges of the shield and over which a silver bridge in the shield base leads to a silver tower; this one with a shingled high pent roof, a crenellated wreath of four battlements, in it black keyhole notches, the gate opened with a silver portcullis rising against a black background, above it two black openings in the form of keyhole notches. "

The new award of the same municipal coat of arms for the merged municipality took place with effect from September 1, 2015.

Town twinning

  • GermanyGermany Schnaittach , Germany, since 1996. The partnership between Frohnleiten and Schnaittach exists because of surviving prisoners of war. The town twinning, in the sense of a peaceful Europe, is maintained through events of the two volunteer fire brigades.

Furthermore, Frohnleiten has a cooperation with the following European municipalities:

Sons of the city

People who worked or lived in the city

  • Madame d'Ora (actually Dora Kallmus, 1881–1963), Austrian photographer, spent the last years of her life and died in Frohnleiten
  • Austin Egen (1897–1941), pianist , singer and composer , lived and died in Frohnleiten
  • Alfons Hochhauser (1906–1981), Austrian dropout and adventurer, grew up in Frohnleiten, long-time employee of Hans Hass
  • Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924) Italian pianist, composer, conductor, librettist, essayist and music teacher. In 1885 he spent a short time in Leipzig and Berlin, then in Frohnleiten, where the first drafts of his unfinished opera Sigune were created.

literature

  • Othmar Pickl: Frohnleiten. 1956.
  • Othmar Pickl: 700 years of Frohnleiten. 1996.

Web links

Commons : Frohnleiten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Fronleiten in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying, Regional Information, reference date December 31, 2016, accessed on February 19, 2017
  2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  3. ↑ Stadtgemeinde Frohnleiten - Stadtgemeinde Frohnleiten. In: www.frohnleiten.org. Retrieved January 15, 2017 .
  4. ^ Announcement of the Styrian regional government of December 16, 1991 about the unification of the market community Frohnleiten and the community Rothleiten (political district Graz-Umgebung). Styrian Provincial Law Gazette, issued December 30, 1991, No. 111/1991, 28th issue, ZDB-ID 705127-x. P. 266.
  5. ↑ Announcement of the Styrian regional government of November 21, 2013 on the unification of the municipality of Frohnleiten and the municipalities of Röthelstein and Schrems near Frohnleiten, all of the political district of Graz-Umgebung. Styrian Provincial Law Gazette of December 6, 2013. No. 152, 35th issue. ZDB ID 705127-x . P. 682.
  6. ↑ Stadtjournal July / August 2012 edition, page 5
  7. ↑ Kleine Zeitung, Print, August 24, 2018
  8. ^ Susanne Sievers / Otto Helmut Urban / Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K and L-Z ; Announcements of the prehistoric commission in the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 572 f.
  9. ↑ LGBl. No. 58/2001 item 21 , accessed on September 7, 2018
  10. ↑ After the bridge collapsed: S35 free again on Wednesday. In: kurier.at. February 24, 2015, accessed December 22, 2017 .
  11. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/graz Umgebung/4668629/Bevoelkerungsstatistik_Graz-wird- ueberrannt
  12. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/graz/lokales/im-norden-regiert-die-ab-im-sueden-die-zuwanderung-d822875.html
  13. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/graz Umgebung/4077065/Aelteste-Gemeinde-Frohnleiten-vs-juengste-Gemeinde- Dobl
  14. ^ Matzig, Bachmann: Houses of the year. Callwey-Verlag 2011.
  15. ^ Radio show Diagonal on Ö1 from November 11, 2006
  16. ↑ http://www.blumenbuero.or.at/
  17. ↑ Homepage of the fistball player
  18. ↑ http://www.panthers-frohnleiten.at/
  19. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/5263926/Mit-Umfrage_GustmobilBilanz_Von-der-Hochzeit-bis-zur-Einkaufstour
  20. ↑ GUST-Mobil starts in the Graz area. In: steiermark.orf.at. June 14, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Frohnleiten station officially opened. In: ÖBB press. October 18, 2019, accessed January 15, 2020 .
  22. ↑ 80 million euros for the new Frohnleiten station. In: steiermark.orf.at. June 16, 2016, accessed November 14, 2018 .
  23. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/graz- Umgebung/wirtschaft/moderner-bahnhof-fuer-frohnleiten- d1414759.html
  24. ↑ http://www.frohnleiten.com/cms_files/siteadmin/PDF_Dokumente/Stadtjournal/StJ_1609_haben_web.pdf
  25. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/graz Umgebung/4890516/Schuldenreport_So-haben-es-um-die-Finanzen-von- Frohnleiten-
  26. ↑ http://www.wir-frohnleitner.at/sites/default/files/Wir%20Frohnleitner_56.pdf
  27. ↑ http://www.frohnleiten.org/schulen-amp-kindergaerten.html
  28. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/graz- Umgebung/lokales/frohnleitner-bildungszentrum-zentrale-schluessel-fuer-die-zukunft- d1877637.html
  29. ↑ http://orf.at/wahlverbindungen/steiermark-gemeinderat15/#results/60663
  30. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/5237587/Frohnleiten_ExBuergermeister-ist-neuer-Vize
  31. ↑ http://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/5220579/Ppolitik_Eklat_Warum-es-in-Frohnleiten-brodelt
  32. ↑ https://egov.stmk.gv.at/wahlen/LT2015/LT2015_60600.html
  33. ↑ https://wahl17.bmi.gv.at/60663.html
  34. ↑ http://euwahl2014.bmi.gv.at/60610.html
  35. ↑ http://wahl16.bmi.gv.at/1604-60663.html
  36. ↑ http://wahl16.bmi.gv.at/1612-60663.html
  37. ↑ Change again: Ussar becomes mayor. In: oesterreich.orf.at. September 19, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2018 .
  38. ^ Austria: Like in a fairy tale . In: Der Spiegel . No. 19 , 1992 ( online ).
  39. ↑ 60. Announcement of the Styrian state government of August 6, 2015 on the granting of the right to use a municipal coat of arms to the municipality of Frohnleiten (political district of Graz-Umgebung) , accessed on August 12, 2015
  40. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/graz- Umgebung/menue/schlechte-zeiten-gute-zeiten- d1834432.html