October 18
The October 18 is the 291st day of the Gregorian calendar (the 292nd in leap years ), thus remain 74 days by year end.
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Historic anniversaries September · October · November |
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Events
Politics and world events
- 1016 : In the Battle of Assandun , the Anglo-Saxon King Edmund II is subject to a Danish army under Canute the Great . In the subsequent peace agreement, Knut received all Anglo-Saxon territories - except for Wessex - and thus established his North Sea empire .
- 1081 : In a battle near Durrës (in today's Albania ) the Normans under Robert Guiskard defeat the Byzantines under Emperor Alexios Komnenos .
- 1244 : The allied army of the Crusader states and the Muslim princes of Syria suffer a crushing defeat in the battle of La Forbie near Gaza against an Ayyubid army reinforced by Khoresmians .
- 1519 : The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés had several hundred residents massacred in the Aztec city of Cholula de Rivadavia .
- 1534 : The Affaire des Placards ends the rather conciliatory religious policy of King Francis I in France towards Lutheran Protestants . In Paris and four other cities in the morning there were posters against the Catholic view of the Eucharist .
- 1631 : The Swedes under King Gustav II. Adolf conquer Würzburg and its Marienberg fortress in the Thirty Years War .
- 1660 : The estates pay homage to the Danish-Norwegian King Friedrich III. who, according to a resolution of the Reichstag, is now allowed to exercise hereditary absolutist rule .
- 1685 : Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes with the Edict of Fontainebleau . Catholicism is once again the state religion in France and the practice of Protestantism is made a criminal offense. This leads to the mass exodus of the Huguenots .
- 1735 : Ten days after the death of his father Yongzheng , Hongli , whose rule of over 60 years is considered the heyday of the Qing dynasty , becomes Emperor of China .
- 1748 : With the Second Peace of Aachen , the War of the Austrian Succession is ended and the pre-war status is largely restored. However, Austria has to give up some areas in Italy, while Prussia keeps Silesia . The pragmatic sanction is generally recognized for this.
- 1781 : At the Battle of Yorktown in the American Revolutionary War , the British under Charles Cornwallis decide to surrender and go into captivity the next day.
- 1813 : In the decisive battle of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , Napoléon's troops can no longer withstand the superior strength of the allies. They retreat to the city, which they have to evacuate the following day with losses.
- 1816 : The constitution supplementary act , Constitution of the Free City of Frankfurt , is invoked in a solemn public meeting on the Römerberg . October 18 remains Frankfurt's national holiday until the end of the Free City in 1866.
- 1817 : Around 500 student representatives from German universities meet in protest against what they consider to be the reactionary political system for the Wartburg Festival in Eisenach .
- 1818 : The General German Burschenschaft is founded in Jena to represent students from 14 German universities.
- 1860 : The Beijing Convention ends the Second Opium War . The defeated China must open the port of Tianjin for sea trade and make reparation payments. At the same time, the victorious powers Great Britain and France begin as a “retaliatory measure” with the systematic destruction of the Old and New Summer Palaces in Beijing .
- 1861 : Wilhelm I crowns himself King of Prussia in Königsberg .
- 1867 : passed in a ceremony in Sitka representative of the Russian Tsar Alexander II. And the Russian-American Company that in the Alaska Purchase sold Alaska to the United States , which as a Department of Alaska integrated into the territory. In addition, the date line will be shifted to the west in order to be able to integrate the Aleutian Islands belonging to Alaska into the same time zone .
- 1870 : In the Battle of Châteaudun in the Franco-German War , the Germans prevail in house-to-house combat and defeat units of the French Loire Army .
- 1890 : Curt von François , officer of the protection force in German South West Africa , lays the foundation stone for the city of Windhoek , which will subsequently replace Otjimbingwe as the capital of the German colony .
- 1907 : The Second Hague Peace Conference ends with the resolution of the Hague Convention IV with the Hague Land Warfare Regulations as an appendix.
- 1910 : After the mistreatment of tribesmen begins on the island of Pohnpei in German New Guinea of the uprising of the Sokehs against German colonial rule .
- 1912 : The Italo-Turkish War ends. During the peace negotiations in Lausanne , the Ottoman Empire must finally cede Tripoli to Italy .
- 1915 : During the First World War , the Third Isonzo Battle begins in the mountain war between Italy and Austria-Hungary .
- 1944 : The first heavy air raid on the city of Bonn completely devastated the city center.
- 1944 : The 1st US Army Group , which has only existed on paper since August 1 to deceive the Germans in World War II , is officially dissolved.
- 1945 : In Venezuela , an alliance of civil and military forces overthrows the government of Isaías Medina Angarita and founds the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno , which is chaired by Rómulo Betancourt and ruled the country for the next two years.
-
1977 : German autumn :
- Operation Magic Fire : At 0:05 a.m. CET ,the GSG 9 unit of the Federal Border Guard stormedthe hijacked Lufthansa Landshut planein Mogadishu and freed 86 hostages.
- The night of death in Stammheim : When Andreas Baader , Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe, who were detainedin the Stuttgart- Stammheim correctional facility, heardabout it on the radio, they committed suicide. The prison staff found her around 7:45 a.m.
- Schleyer kidnapping :Hanns Martin Schleyer, kidnappedby the Red Army parliamentary group on September 5, wasthen shot dead by his kidnappers on the same day after being held hostage for 43 days.
- 1983 : Pantasma massacre : In Nicaragua , CONTRA terrorists murder 47 men, women and children in an attack on an agricultural cooperative.
- 1989 : Egon Krenz replaces Erich Honecker as head of state and party leader of the GDR after he resigned from his offices "for health reasons". In his inaugural speech, he coined the term Wende .
- 1991 : Azerbaijan declares its state independence from the Soviet Union .
- 2005 : Otto Schily opens the constituent session of the 16th German Bundestag as senior president .
economy
- 1854 : The first German seaman's home is opened in Bremen .
- 1958 : Tunisia introduces the - non- convertible - dinar as the national currency .
- 1968 : Nuclear energy in the Netherlands : the Dodewaard nuclear power plant is the first commercial nuclear power plant in the Netherlands to go online.
- 1975 : The Saint-Nazaire Bridge on the west coast of France is opened to road traffic. The cable-stayed bridge has one of the largest spans in the world .
- 2001 : The commercially used earth observation satellite QuickBird is launched into orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base .
- 2006 : With 12,049 points, the Dow Jones breaks the 12,000-point mark for the first time in its 110-year history.
science and technology
- 1502 : The University of Wittenberg is founded.
- 1619 : A scientific colloquium takes place in Ulm on the question of whether comets are God's wonderful signs of calamity or natural phenomena.
- 1817 : Giovanni Battista Belzoni arrives in the grave KV17 of Pharaoh Sethos I and finds indications that point to grave robbers who had invaded centuries earlier .
- 1818 : The old University of Duisburg is dissolved and the University of Bonn is founded.
- 1914 : Founding rector Richard Wachsmuth informs Kaiser Wilhelm II that the University of Frankfurt am Main has quietly started its work. A planned ceremonial opening of the foundation university with the head of state is canceled on this day because of the First World War.
- 1967 : The Soviet probe Venera 4 succeeds in looking beneath the cloud cover of Venus for the first time.
- 1984 : The long-range bomber Rockwell B-1 of the United States Air Force completed its first flight.
- 1989 : The Galileo space probe starts its flight to Jupiter .
- 1995 : The electricity grids in the Czech Republic , Hungary , Poland and Slovakia are synchronized with the Western European UCTE network.
- 1995 : OpenBSD1.1 , the first edition of the open source operating system OpenBSD , is released.
Culture
- 1752 : The premiere of the intermezzo Le devin du village ( The village fortune teller ) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau at Fontainebleau Castle is a great success and gives the French Opéra comique social prestige.
- 1830 : The foundation stone for the building of the Walhalla is laid.
- 1834 : Gaetano Donizetti's lyrical tragedy (opera) Maria Stuarda has a completely lackluster premiere under the name Buondelmonte at the Teatro alla Scala . The censors have banned the original text because Queen Maria Christina of Naples-Sicily passed out from emotion at the dress rehearsal in September.
- 1842 : The Walhalla near Donaustauf is inaugurated.
- 1851 : The novel Moby Dick by Herman Melville , which he dedicated to his role model Nathaniel Hawthorne , is published for the first time by Richard Bentley in London.
- 1854 : The premiere of the opera La nunne sanglante ( The Bloody Nun ) by Charles Gounod takes place in Paris.
- 1871 : The song of fate by Johannes Brahms is premiered in Karlsruhe.
- 1887 : The Double Concerto of Johannes Brahms is the Cologne Gürzenich premiered.
- 1902 : The letter from Lord Chandos to Francis Bacon from Hugo von Hofmannsthal appears.
- 1904 : The 5th Symphony by Gustav Mahler premiered in Cologne with the composer conducting. With the opening of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum , the newly established Islamic Department will also be presented to the public for the first time.
- 1913 : After fifteen years of construction, the Völkerschlachtdenkmal near Leipzig is inaugurated for the centenary of the battle .
- 1922 : The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is founded as an independent radio station in London by John Reith , Cecil Lewis , Arthur Burrows and Stanton Jefferies .
- 1941 : The film The Trail of the Falcon by director John Huston with Humphrey Bogart as the main actor is shown for the first time.
- 1941 : The German premiere of Kurt Atterberg's opera Aladin takes place in Chemnitz.
- 1967 : The cartoon The Jungle Book from the Walt Disney Studios comes to US cinemas.
- 1970 : ARD broadcasts Das Millionenspiel , Wolfgang Menge's fictional game show with a candidate hunted by contract killers.
- 1997 : The Guggenheim Museum designed by Frank Gehry opens in the Spanish city of Bilbao .
- 1997 : The cultural institution Center for Art and Media opens in Karlsruhe.
religion
- 1566 : Not yet twelve years old, Ernst von Bayern is elected Bishop of Freising . Pope Pius V agrees that the descendant from the House of Wittelsbach should take office .
- 1914 : The international Schoenstatt Movement is founded as a spiritual renewal movement in the Catholic Church by Father Josef Kentenich .
Disasters
- 1356 : A series of tremendous tremors and the subsequent fires largely destroy the city of Basel .
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- 1968 : 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City : Bob Beamon jumps a sensational 8.90 meters, a sentence that is celebrated in the press as a "leap into the 21st century".
- 1992 : The last race of the sports car world championship ends with the 500 km race in Magny-Cours . With the FIA World Endurance Championship , there has been a follow-up series since 2012.
- 2004 : World Chess Championship 2004 in Brissago : With a victory in the 14th game, the Russian Vladimir Kramnik successfully defends the world title in classical chess against the Hungarian challenger Péter Lékó .
- 2009 : By taking fifth place in the Brazilian Grand Prix , Jenson Button was able to secure his first world title early on.
Entries of athletics world records can be found under the respective discipline under athletics .
Born
Before the 17th century
- 1000 : Burchard I. von Halberstadt , German cleric, politician and bishop
- 1127 : Go-Shirakawa , 77th Emperor of Japan
- 1276 : Gilbert Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot , English nobleman
- 1314 : Giles de Badlesmere, 2nd Baron Badlesmere , English nobleman
- 1405 : Enea Silvio Piccolomini, under the name of Pius II Pope
- 1444 : John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk , English nobleman
- 1469 : George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny , English nobleman, military man and politician
- 1482 : Philip III. von Hanau-Lichtenberg , Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
- 1517 : Manuel da Nobrega , Portuguese theologian, priest, missionary and writer
- 1522 : Michael Beuther , German historian, poet, lawyer and civil servant
- 1523 : Anna Jagiellonica , Polish-Lithuanian princess, elected head of state of Poland-Lithuania
- 1530 : Lucas Bacmeister the Elder , Lutheran theologian and hymn composer
- 1534 : Jean Passerat , French writer and poet
- 1547 : Justus Lipsius , Flemish legal philosopher and philologist
- 1552 : Elisabeth of Saxony , Countess Palatine von Simmern
- 1555 : Melchior Eckhart , German Protestant theologian
- 1558 : Gerhard Rantzau , Danish governor in the royal part of Schleswig-Holstein
- 1585 : Heinrich Schütz , German composer and organist
- 1593 : Karl Friedrich I , Duke of Oels and Bernstadt
- 1595 : Lucas van Uden , Flemish painter and etcher
- 1600 : Gioacchino Assereto , Italian painter
17th and 18th centuries
- 1609 : Josias Rantzau , German military leader, Marshal of France
- 1631 : Michael Wigglesworth , New England theologian, preacher, and poet
- 1634 : Luca Giordano , Neapolitan painter and fresco artist
- 1643 : Johann Eisenhart , German legal scholar
- 1653 : Abraham van Riebeeck , Governor General of the Dutch East Indies
- 1654 : Johann Friedrich , Margrave of the Principality of Ansbach
- 1662 : Matthew Henry , Presbyterian pastor and Bible commentator
- 1663 : Eugene of Savoy , Austrian general and patron of the arts
- 1665 : Otto Magnus von Dönhoff , Brandenburg-Prussian lieutenant general and envoy
- 1668 : Johann Georg IV. , Elector of Saxony
- 1669 : Ludwig Christof Schefer , Pietist, Reformed pastor and inspector in Berleburg
- 1671 : Friedrich IV. , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
- 1676 : Michael Heinrich Reinhard , German Evangelical Lutheran theologian
- 1681 : Seongho Yi Ik , Korean politician and economist
- 1683 : Augustin Leyser , German lawyer
- 1691 : Hedwig Friederike von Württemberg-Weiltingen , Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst
- 1694 : René Louis d'Argenson , French nobleman and minister
- 1696 : Gian Pietro Riva , Swiss headmaster and translator
- 1706 : Baldassare Galuppi , Italian composer
- 1728 : Peter Frederik Suhm , Norwegian historian
- 1728 : August Wilhelm von Vietinghoff , royal Prussian lieutenant general
- 1730 : Christian Gottlieb Seydlitz , German physicist and logician
- 1738 : Andrei Timofejewitsch Bolotow , Russian agronomist
- 1741 : Choderlos de Laclos , French writer
- 1749 : Johann Gotthelf Leberecht Abel , German doctor and art collector
- 1753 : Joseph Bloomfield , American politician, governor of New Jersey, member of the US House of Representatives
- 1753 : Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès , French lawyer and statesman
- 1774 : Adolf Müllner , German writer
- 1777 : Heinrich von Kleist , German playwright, storyteller, poet and publicist
- 1779 : Karl Joseph Aloys Agricola , miniature painter and engraver
- 1787 : Friedrich Wilhelm Heineken , Senator of the Hanseatic City of Bremen
- 1791 : Johann Baptist Stiglmaier , German ore caster, sculptor, painter and medalist
- 1792 : Friedrich Meurer , German pharmacologist and physician
- 1793 : Ernst Christian Gottlieb Jens Reinhold , German philosopher
- 1794 : Ferdinand Schubert , Austrian composer
- 1799 : Christian Friedrich Schönbein , German-Swiss chemist
- 1800 : Sir Henry Taylor , English playwright and colonial administrator
19th century
- 1801 : Justo José de Urquiza , Argentine President
- 1804 : Charles-Alexandre Fessy , French organist and composer
- 1804 : Mongkut , King of Siam
- 1816 : Friedrich Wilhelm Adami , German writer
- 1818 : Carl Hugo Hahn , German Protestant missionary
- 1818 : Charles Christian Nahl , German-American painter
- 1822 : Midhat Pasha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
- 1830 : Matthias Lexer , Austrian Germanist and lexicographer
- 1831 : Friedrich III. , Prussian King and German Emperor
- 1832 : Matthäus Much , Austrian conservationist and archaeologist
- 1834 : Hermann Cremer , German Protestant theologian
- 1836 : Peter Auzinger , German actor
- 1845 : Julius Lehr , German forest scientist and economist
- 1850 : Louis Aronsohn , German banker and politician
- 1850 : Francis Thomé , French composer
- 1854 : Salomon André , Swedish engineer and polar explorer
- 1856 : Eduard Ameseder , Austrian painter
- 1856 : James B. Frazier , American politician
- 1856 : Edmond Haraucourt , French writer
- 1857 : Hans Freiherr von Berlepsch , German professional officer and ornithologist
- 1859 : Henri Bergson , French philosopher
- 1864 : Friedrich Wilhelm von Auer , Prussian major general
- 1865 : Karl Eugen Neumann , Austrian translator, pioneer of the Buddhist movement in German-speaking countries
- 1868 : Ernst Didring , Swedish writer
- 1870 : August Arteldt , German politician
- 1875 : James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey , Ghanaian teacher and missionary
- 1875 : Joe Delahanty , American baseball player
- 1876 : Charles F. Adams , American entrepreneur
- 1878 : Miguel Llobet , Spanish guitarist and composer
- 1879 : Grzegorz Fitelberg , Polish composer and conductor
- 1879 : Franz Joseph Dölger , German church historian, religious scholar and Christian archaeologist
- 1882 : Lucien Petit-Breton , French cyclist
- 1889 : Gertrude Aretz , German historian
- 1892 : Thomas Ohm , German Benedictine priest, theologian and missiologist
- 1894 : Tibor Déry , Hungarian writer
- 1894 : Margaret Molesworth , Australian tennis player
- 1895 : Hans Adolf von Arenstorff , German major general and manor owner
- 1896 : Friedrich Hollaender , German composer
- 1897 : Eberhard Kinzel , German general
- 1897 : Luis Vargas Rosas , Chilean painter
- 1898 : Clemente Biondetti , Italian racing driver
- 1898 : Werner Burri , Swiss ceramist
- 1898 : Lotte Lenya , Austrian singer and actress
- 1898 : Tsuboi Shigeji , Japanese writer
- 1899 : Hans Münstermann , German economist
- 1899 : Erwin Schoettle , German politician, Member of the Bundestag and resistance fighter
- 1900 : Walther Hasemann , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
20th century
1901-1925
- 1902 : Miriam Hopkins , American actress
- 1902 : Pascual Jordan , German physicist
- 1903 : Lina Radke , German athlete
- 1905 : Félix Houphouët-Boigny , first President of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
- 1905 : Willi Laatsch , German soil and forest scientist
- 1905 : Josef Ponn , German cross-country skier
- 1907 : Jeanne Mandello , German photographer
- 1909 : Norberto Bobbio , Italian legal philosopher and publicist
- 1909 : Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin , Soviet pilot
- 1919 : Theodor Hüllinghoff , German rower
- 1910 : Marje Sink , Estonian composer
- 1910 : Vojislav Vučković , Serbian composer
- 1912 : Aurelio Cardinal Sabattani , Curia Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- 1913 : Margrit Aust , Austrian actress
- 1913 : Wilhelm Schröder , German politician and minister in the GDR
- 1914 : Louis Pons , French racing car driver
- 1915 : František Daniel Merth , Catholic priest and poet
- 1918 : Konstantinos Mitsotakis , Greek head of government
- 1919 : Anita O'Day , American jazz singer
- 1919 : Pierre Trudeau , Canadian politician, Member of the House of Commons, Prime Minister
- 1920 : Melina Mercouri , Greek actress, singer and minister of culture
- 1921 : Jesse Helms , American politician, Senator for North Carolina
- 1921 : Beatrice Worsley , Canadian computer scientist
- 1922 : Camillo Togni , Italian composer, pianist and music teacher
- 1923 : Paulo Amaral , Brazilian soccer player and coach
- 1923 : Ilse Donath , German table tennis player
- 1923 : Marta Emmenegger , Swiss journalist and sex consultant
- 1923 : Boris Sagal , American director
- 1924 : Egil Hovland , Norwegian composer
- 1925 : Ramiz Alia , Albanian head of state
1926-1950
- 1926 : Walter Asam , German lawyer and politician
- 1926 : Chuck Berry , American singer, guitarist, composer and rock 'n' roll pioneer
- 1926 : Klaus Kinski , German actor
- 1927 : George C. Scott , American stage actor, director, and producer
- 1928 : Ernest Simoni , Albanian Roman Catholic clergyman and cardinal
- 1929 : Arnold Kludas , German shipping historian, librarian and non-fiction author
- 1930 : Frank Carlucci , US Secretary of Defense
- 1931 : Geoff Barrowcliffe , English football player
- 1932 : René Bliard , French football player
- 1933 : Jacques Charpentier , French composer and organist
- 1933 : Ludovico Scarfiotti , Italian racing car driver
- 1934 : Leticia Daneri , Argentine Cantautora
- 1934 : Renna Kellaway , British pianist and music teacher
- 1934 : Dorothea Rockburne , Canadian painter
- 1935 : Peter Boyle , American actor
- 1935 : Luis Alfredo Torres , Dominican poet, journalist and critic
- 1936 : JC Moses , American jazz drummer
- 1936 : Jaime Ortega , Archbishop of Havana
- 1937 : Boyd Dowler , American football player
- 1937 : Gerhard Schäfer , German judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- 1938 : Guy Roux , French football coach
- 1939 : Jean-Claude Amiot , French composer, music teacher and conductor
- 1939 : Flavio Cotti , Swiss politician
- 1939 : Mike Ditka , American football player and coach
- 1939 : Lee Harvey Oswald , alleged murderer of John F. Kennedy
- 1939 : Ewald Schneidewind , German enduro athlete
- 1939 : Jan Erik Vold , Norwegian poet
- 1940 : Győző Kulcsár , Hungarian sword fencer
- 1940 : Cynthia Weil , American composer
- 1943 : Andrej Bajuk , Slovenian Prime Minister
- 1943 : Edison James , Dominican Prime Minister
- 1943 : Hagen Kluck , German journalist and politician, MdL
- 1944 : Harry Blum , German politician, Lord Mayor of Cologne
- 1944 : Hans Büttner , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1944 : Nelson Freire , Brazilian pianist
- 1944 : Katherine Kurtz , American writer
- 1945 : Norio Wakamoto , Japanese voice actor
- 1946 : Joe Egan , British musician, singer and songwriter
- 1946 : Michel Graillier , French jazz pianist
- 1946 : Gotthard B. Schicker , German writer and publicist
- 1946 : Howard Shore , Canadian composer and conductor
- 1947 : Regina Höfer , German athlete
- 1947 : Laura Nyro , American singer and songwriter
- 1948 : Keith Knudsen , American drummer
- 1949 : Erwin Sellering , German politician, Prime Minister of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- 1950 : Mervyn Africa , British jazz musician
- 1950 : Marek Kondrat , Polish actor
- 1950 : Annamaria Morini , Italian musician
- 1950 : Wendy Wasserstein , American playwright
1951-1975
- 1951 : Hans-Georg Jaunich , German handball player
- 1951 : Stephan Schwartz , German actor
- 1952 : Haya Raschid Al Chalifa , Bahraini lawyer and diplomat
- 1952 : Chuck Lorre , American film producer, screenwriter, director, composer, dramaturge and creative consultant
- 1952 : Michael Pan , German actor and voice actor
- 1954 : Liz Burch , Australian actress
- 1954 : Matthias Müller , German soccer player
- 1954 : Miguel Piñera , Chilean musician
- 1954 : Édouard Stern , French banker and financier
- 1956 : Isabelle Autissier , French sailor and author
- 1956 : Michael Lesch , German actor
- 1956 : Martina Navrátilová , American tennis player
- 1957 : Precious Wilson , Jamaican pop singer
- 1958 : Julio Olarticoechea , Argentine soccer player
- 1958 : Milan Šašić , Croatian football coach
- 1959 : Ernesto Canto , Mexican athlete, Olympic champion
- 1959 : Gary Schocker , American flautist and composer
- 1960 : Craig Mello , American biochemist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1960 : Jean-Claude Van Damme , Belgian actor
- 1960 : Horst Wiemann , German handball player and coach
- 1961 : Othmane Belfaa , Algerian high jumper
- 1961 : Kamil Krejčí , Swiss actor, director and author
- 1961 : Wynton Marsalis , American jazz musician
- 1962 : Iris Hanika , German writer
- 1963 : Sigvart Dagsland , Norwegian singer, pianist and composer
- 1965 : Frank Schaff , German dialogue book author, voice actor and director
- 1965 : Fulvia Stevenin , Italian ski racer
- 1966 : Bill Stewart , American jazz drummer
- 1967 : Matthias Aebischer , Swiss TV presenter
- 1967 : Andreas Nickl , German actor, author and director
- 1968 : Eveline Artmann , Austrian lawyer
- 1968 : Lisa Chappell , New Zealand actress and singer
- 1968 : Michael Stich , German tennis player
- 1970 : Alex Barros , Brazilian motorcycle racer
- 1971 : Hadschi Bankhofer , Austrian moderator
- 1972 : Helge Braun , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
- 1972 : Wojciech Kuczok , Polish writer
- 1972 : Alex Tagliani , Canadian racing driver
- 1973 : Erik Niedling , German photographer
- 1974 : Michael Aničić , German-Serbian football player and coach
- 1974 : Zhou Xun , Chinese actress
- 1974 : Yukmouth , American rapper
- 1975 : Pola Roy , German musician ( We are heroes )
1976-2000
- 1976 : Sandra S. Leonhard , German actress
- 1977 : Ryan Nelsen , New Zealand soccer player
- 1978 : Gynecologist , German rapper
- 1979 : Yukiko Akaba , Japanese long-distance runner
- 1979 : Diane Lamein , Dutch handball player
- 1979 : Camel Meriem , French football player
- 1979 : Ne-Yo , American singer and songwriter
- 1980 : Hannes Lambert , German singer, actor and voice actor
- 1980 : Sarah Blackwood , Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1980 : Sebastian Stielke , German actor and voice actor
- 1981 : Daniel Sauer , German handball player
- 1981 : Sophie Wepper , German actress
- 1982 : Thierry Amiel , French pop singer
- 1982 : Joe Williams , American stuntman and actor
- 1983 : Dante , Brazilian soccer player
- 1984 : Stuart Hall , British racing car driver
- 1984 : Robert Harting , German discus thrower
- 1984 : Justin Mapp , American football player
- 1984 : Jennifer Ulrich , German actress
- 1984 : Lindsey Vonn , American ski racer
- 1985 : Herbert Snorrason , Icelandic internet activist (WikiLeaks, OpenLeaks)
- 1986 : Loukas Viorkas , Greek Cypriot singer
- 1986 : Petar Jelić , Serbian football player
- 1986 : Martin Leung , Chinese pianist
- 1987 : Matt Bosher , American football player
- 1987 : Zac Efron , American actor
- 1987 : Henri Moser , Swiss racing driver
- 1987 : Ana Paula Rodrigues Belo , Brazilian handball player
- 1988 : Efetobore Ambrose Emuobo , Nigerian soccer player
- 1988 : Danijel Mićić , Serbian-Austrian football player
- 1989 : Joy Lauren , American actress
- 1989 : Marija Schkanowa , Belarusian ski racer
- 1989 : Sandra Toft , Danish handball player
- 1989 : Ingvar Jónsson , Icelandic football goalkeeper
- 1990 : Daniel Kaiser , German soccer player
- 1991 : Tyler Posey , American actor
- 1991 : Toby Regbo , British actor
- 1992 : Daniel Fiß , German graphic designer and new right activist
- 1992 : John John Florence , American surfer
- 1992 : Dominique Richardson , American soccer player
- 1993 : Sarina Dijas , Kazakh tennis player
- 1994 : Pascal Wehrlein , German racing car driver
Died
Before the 17th century
- 31 : Lucius Aelius Seianus , Roman politician
- 33 : Agrippina the Elder , Roman noblewoman
- 707 : John VII , Pope
- 950 : Ebergisl , Bishop of Minden
- 950 : al-Qahir , Abbasid caliph
- 1035 : Sancho III. , King of Navarre
- 1059 : Burchard I. von Halberstadt , German cleric and politician, Bishop of Halberstadt
- 1060 : Al-Basasiri , Turkish general of the Abbasids
- 1081 : Konstantios Dukas , Byzantine co-emperor
- 1101 : Hugo von Vermandois , brother of King Philip I of France and a crusader
- 1141 : Leopold IV , Duke of Bavaria and Margrave of Austria
- 1161 : Bruno , Bishop of Hildesheim
- 1177 : Udalrich II , Duke of Olomouc
- 1214 : John de Gray , Bishop of Norwich
- 1245 : Ibn Yaʿīsch , Arabic grammarian
- 1312 : Bettino Cassinelli , French court official
- 1323 : John Gray, 2nd Baron Gray of Wilton , English nobleman
- 1329 : Alberghetto II. Manfredi , Italian nobleman
- 1340 : Heinrich von Friemar , German theology professor and writer
- 1361 : John Fitzwalter, 3rd Baron Fitzwalter , English nobleman
- 1375 : Cansignorio della Scala , Lord of Verona
- 1375 : Peter Lacy , English clergyman and keeper of the Lord Seal
- 1376 : Markwart VII of Grünenberg , abbot of Einsiedeln monastery
- 1383 : Raban Truchseß von Wilburgstetten , Bishop of Eichstätt
- 1417 : Gregory XII. , Pope from 1406 to 1415
- 1425 : Jan Hvězda z Vícemilic , Bohemian military leader
- 1442 : John of Portugal , Portuguese nobleman, Duke of Aveiro
- 1470 : John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester , English statesman
- 1503 : Pius III. , Pope
- 1511 : Philippe de Commynes , French diplomat and historian and advisor to the kings Louis XI. and Charles VIII.
- 1528 : Michael Anton , Margrave of Saluzzo
- 1539 : Edmund Braye, 1st Baron Braye , English nobleman
- 1541 : Margaret Tudor , Queen of Scotland
- 1558 : Gottschalk von Wickede , Lübeck councilor and diplomat
- 1561 : Jacob Beurlin , German Protestant theologian and reformer
- 1564 : Johannes Acronius Frisius , West Frisian scholar, doctor, astronomer and mathematician
- 1590 : Philip , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
- 1595 : Alvaro de Mendaña de Neyra , Spanish explorer and navigator
- 1596 : Hermann tom Ring , German painter
- 1599 : Daniel Adam z Veleslavína , Bohemian writer, historian and publisher
17th and 18th centuries
- 1604 : Igram van Achelen , Frisian politician
- 1606 : John VI. , Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and Regent of Gelderland
- 1630 : Volkert Overlander , Mayor of Amsterdam
- 1634 : Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg , Duke of Krumau, first Imperial Prince of Eg, Queen of Scottland Mountain
- 1637 : Foppe van Aitzema , Braunschweig lawyer and politician
- 1638 : Georg Nymmann , German medic
- 1656 : Gerta die Boltin , victim of the witch hunt in Canstein
- 1656 : Susanne Weber , victim of the witch hunt in Wildungen
- 1667 : Fasilides , Emperor of Ethiopia
- 1678 : Jacob Jordaens , Flemish painter
- 1691 : Christian I , Duke of Saxe-Merseburg
- 1708 : Heinrich von Nassau-Ouwerkerk , Dutch military
- 1714 : Takemoto Gidayū , Japanese Jōruri singer, founder of a Bunraku theater and founder of the musical style named after him, Gidayū-bushi
- 1724 : Johann Osiander , German philologist, diplomat and Lutheran theologian
- 1724 : Johann Leopold Donat von Trautson , Reichsgraf von Falkenstein, Freiherr zu Sprechenstein, educator, chamberlain and chief steward of Joseph I.
- 1728 : Peter Frederik Suhm , Norwegian historian
- 1728 : August Wilhelm von Vietinghoff , royal Prussian lieutenant general
- 1739 : Jacob Wittich , German philosopher and mathematician
- 1744 : Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough , English nobleman and confidante of Queen Anne
- 1769 : Yohannes II , Emperor of Ethiopia
- 1779 : Leonard Offerhaus , German historian in the Netherlands
19th century
- 1806 : Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Schmettau , German cartographer
- 1817 : Gomes Freire de Andrade , Portuguese general
- 1817 : Étienne-Nicolas Méhul , French composer
- 1820 : Jacques-Victor Henri , Crown Prince of North Haiti
- 1841 : Eberhard Gottlieb Graff , German linguist
- 1845 : Jean Dominique Comte de Cassini , French cartographer and astronomer
- 1857 : Karl Wüstefeld , German rector, organist and local researcher
- 1860 : Jose Marques Casimiro de Abreu , Brazilian poet
- 1864 : Jacques François Gallay , French horn player
- 1865 : Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston , British politician
- 1866 : Philipp Franz von Siebold , German doctor, Japanese and natural scientist, ethnologist, plant collector and botanist
- 1869 : Simon Jenko , Slovenian poet
- 1871 : Charles Babbage , English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and political economist
- 1871 : Karl Friederichs , German archaeologist
- 1877 : Adolf Christ , Swiss politician
- 1883 : Reinhard Friedrich von Adelebsen , German politician
- 1884 : Wilhelm von Braunschweig , last welfe of the New House of Braunschweig on the Braunschweig throne
- 1885 : Christian Johann Heinrich Schmidt , German engine driver
- 1888 : Alessandro Antonelli , Italian architect
- 1888 : Albert Zimmermann , German painter
- 1889 : Antonio Meucci , American inventor of Italian descent
- 1890 : Friedrich Wilhelm August Carl von Arnim , Prussian administrative officer
- 1891 : Adolf Rösicke (actor) , German theater actor and director
- 1893 : Charles Gounod , French composer
- 1893 : Lucy Stone , American reformer, suffragette, abolitionist and publicist
- 1894 : Wilhelm Lenk von Wolfsberg , kuk Feldzeugmeister and natural scientist
- 1898 : Lucien Anderson , American politician
20th century
1901 to 1950
- 1902 : Carl Spindler , German entrepreneur
- 1910 : Alfons Auer , German politician
- 1911 : Johann Hinrich Angelbeck , German politician
- 1911 : Alfred Binet , French educator and psychologist
- 1913 : Dinuzulu , King of the Zulu
- 1915 : Karl Eugen Neumann , Austrian translator, pioneer of Buddhism in German-speaking countries
- 1916 : Otto Dammer , German writer and publicist
- 1918 : Koloman Moser , Austrian painter, graphic artist and artisan
- 1919 : William Waldorf Astor , US-British financier, politician, diplomat, and nobleman
- 1920 : Luis Jorge Fontana , Argentine military, politician, naturalist and writer
- 1920 : Otto Lemm (factory owner ) , German entrepreneur
- 1921 : Ulrich Kreusler , German agricultural chemist
- 1921 : Ludwig III. , German nobleman, last King of Bavaria
- 1924 : Franz Schrader , French cartographer and alpinist
- 1931 : Ernest Robinson Ackerman , American politician, member of the House of Representatives for New Jersey
- 1931 : Thomas Alva Edison , American inventor and entrepreneur (electricity and electrical engineering)
- 1931 : Lesser Ury , German painter
- 1933 : Albert von Trentini , Austrian writer
- 1934 : Thies Hinrich Engelbrecht , German agricultural geographer
- 1934 : Rudolf von Tavel , Swiss journalist and writer
- 1940 : Hans Vollenweider , Swiss criminal
- 1944 : Viktor Ullmann , Austro-Czech composer, conductor and pianist
- 1948 : Karl Gustav Vollmoeller , German archaeologist and poet, playwright and screenwriter
- 1950 : Eugen Neufeld , Austrian actor
1951 to 2000
- 1951 : Philipp Friedrich Wilhelm Abegg , German administrative officer
- 1952 : Rudolf zur Bonsen , German administrative lawyer and district president
- 1953 : Federico Gerdes , Peruvian composer, conductor and pianist
- 1953 : Hector Pellerin , Canadian singer, actor and entertainer
- 1955 : José Ortega y Gasset , Spanish philosopher, sociologist and essayist
- 1956 : Grosvenor Atterbury , American architect, city planner, and writer
- 1959 : Boughera El-Ouafi , Algerian athlete
- 1959 : Helmuth Gmelin , German actor and theater director
- 1961 : Rodolphe Rubattel , Swiss politician
- 1961 : Wilhelm Boden , German lawyer and politician, Member of the State Parliament, first Prime Minister of Rhineland-Palatinate
- 1961 : Hans Heinz Theyer , Austrian cameraman
- 1962 : Barend Coenraad Petrus Jansen , Dutch chemist
- 1963 : Constance Worth , Australian actress
- 1965 : Frank Hutchens , New Zealand composer
- 1965 : Hans Zulliger , Swiss elementary school teacher
- 1966 : Elizabeth Arden , American entrepreneur
- 1967 : Wilhelm Schwinn , German politician under National Socialism
- 1972 : Richard Sanders , American wrestler
- 1973 : Walt Kelly , American animator and comic book artist
- 1973 : Hans Schwippert , German architect
- 1974 : Gil Duggan , American football player
- 1976 : Count Ossie , Jamaican drummer and band leader
- 1976 : Pedro Sanjuán , Spanish composer and conductor
- 1977 : Zohair Youssif Akache , Palestinian terrorist
- 1977 : Andreas Baader , German terrorist ( RAF )
- 1977 : Gudrun Ensslin , German terrorist ( RAF )
- 1977 : Jan-Carl Raspe , German terrorist ( RAF )
- 1977 : Hanns Martin Schleyer , German lawyer and employer president
- 1979 : Hellmuth von Hase , German publisher
- 1979 : Hans Seigewasser , German politician, resistance fighter against National Socialism
- 1980 : Hans Ehard , German lawyer and politician, state minister, prime minister
- 1984 : Jon-Erik Hexum , American actor
- 1985 : Stefan Askenase , Belgian-Polish pianist
- 1990 : Heinz Oskar Vetter , German trade unionist
- 1993 : Peter Haasen , German metal physicist
- 1994 : Lee Allen , American R&B saxophonist
- 1994 : Eberhard Feik , German actor
- 1994 : Else Klink , German director of the training center for eurythmy
- 1994 : Max Müller , German philosopher
- 1996 : Hans Drachsler , German politician, MdB, MdL
- 1996 : Otto Heinrich Kühner , German writer
- 1997 : Adolf Schröter , German portrait and landscape painter
- 1998 : Erhard Theodor Astler , German painter, graphic artist and draftsman
- 1999 : John Cannon , Canadian racing car driver
- 1999 : Werner Georg Haverbeck , German theologian
21st century
- 2002 : Frederick Kanfer , Austrian-American psychologist, behavioral therapist
- 2003 : Manuel Vázquez Montalbán , Spanish writer and journalist
- 2004 : Ilija Džuvalekovski , Macedonian actor
- 2004 : Fermin Rocker , British painter and anarchist
- 2004 : KM Veerappan , Indian criminal
- 2005 : Marietheres Angerpointner , German actress
- 2005 : Alexander Nikolajewitsch Jakowlew , Soviet politician
- 2005 : Heinrich Nettesheim , German wrestler
- 2005 : Franz Schillinger , German composer and guitarist
- 2006 : Marc Hodler , Swiss sports official and member of the IOC
- 2006 : Snooky Pryor , American blues singer and harmonica player
- 2009 : Barbara Ratthey , German actress and voice actress
- 2010 : Joachim Herz , German opera director and director
- 2011 : Friedrich Kittler , German literary scholar and media theorist
- 2012 : David S. Ware , American jazz saxophonist
- 2014 : Peter Radszuhn , German music journalist
- 2016 : Dieter Hömig , German constitutional judge
- 2018 : Raúl Marrero , Puerto Rican Canto writer
- 2019 : Gerhard Menk , German archivist and regional historian
Holidays and memorial days
- Church memorial days
- St. Luke (Evangelist) , companion of Paul of Tarsus (Protestant, Anglican, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Armenian)
- Name days
- State holidays and memorial days
- USA : Alaska Day (1867)
The list of days of remembrance and action contains further entries .
Commons : October 18th - Collection of images, videos and audio files
