Hans Schwippert

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Bundeshaus, postage stamp Deutsche Post 1986

Hans Schwippert (born June 25, 1899 in Remscheid ; † October 18, 1973 in Düsseldorf ; actually: Johannes; also "Hanns" during his time at the Aachen arts and crafts school) was a German architect , town planner, object designer and university professor of reconstruction in West German post-war modernism .

life and work

Hans Schwippert grew up in the Bergisches Land and Ruhr area . After graduating from high school in Essen-Altenessen and doing military service on the Western Front, he studied architecture from 1919, first at the Technical Universities of Hanover and Darmstadt, then from 1920 at the Technical University of Stuttgart. There he completed his architecture studies with Paul Schmitthenner in 1923 with a diploma.

Bundeshaus Bonn (conversion and extension of the originally planned Bonn University of Education, 1949)
Federal Chancellery, reconstruction and extension of Palais Schaumburg (1950)

In 1924 Hans Schwippert went to Berlin. He worked in Erich Mendelsohn's construction studio and met Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in 1925 . In 1926 he took part in the Women's Peace Church competition in Frankfurt. In 1927 he built a house for his parents in Duisburg and brought him to Rudolf Schwarz to teach the preliminary course and the design class at the Werkkunstschule Aachen . Until the closing of the Werkkunstschule Aachen by the National Socialists in 1934, Schwippert worked with Schwarz and Johannes Krahn . He designed furniture, fittings and exhibitions. He joined the Deutscher Werkbund in 1930 and between 1934 and 1938 he built a studio house in the Eifel for his brother, the sculptor Kurt Schwippert , and in 1937 the German Chapel in the Pontifical Pavilion at the Paris World Exhibition, as well as residential houses in Bad Godesberg, Aachen, Düsseldorf, Berlin.

From 1935 to 1946 Hans Schwippert took over teaching positions at the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen). In 1935 he was assistant at the chair for freehand drawing, from 1936 to 1946 lecturer for handicrafts, from 1938 to 1943 he worked at the (first) Deutsche Merenkunde (Art Service Berlin). In 1943 he received his doctorate on "Valuables and workmanship" and completed his habilitation on "From work theory and work education" at RWTH Aachen University .

Chamber of Commerce and Industry Münster (1954), today: office building, extended and "modernized", photo: October 2016
St. Hedwig's Cathedral Berlin, interior design 1956–1963

Hans Schwippert, along with Edmund Sinn , Gerd Heusch , Kurt Pfeiffer and others, was one of nine citizens who were appointed "mayors" by the American military government in November 1944 and were used as the civil interim government in Aachen . Under Mayor Franz Oppenhoffallee Hans Schwippert was up to his assassination in March 1945 for technical areas in the war-torn city zuständig.1944 he called for the necessary unity of "Theory and Practice" in the same text in 1947 in Issue 1 of architecture and plant form appeared and Ulrich Conrads re-published in 2003. As early as 1945 he saw "(...) the allegedly necessary separation of workplaces from living quarters as an evil (...)". In 1945 Hans Schwippert moved to Düsseldorf. There he directed the reconstruction department of the North Rhine-Province, from 1946 the reconstruction ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia .

In 1946, Hans Schwippert accepted the call as full professor to the chair for industrial engineering and housing at RWTH Aachen University (1946–1961) and at the same time took over the reorganization of teaching and the class for architecture at the Staatl. Kunstakademie Düsseldorf , which he achieved international renown as its rector from 1956 until his retirement in 1966.

Hans Schwippert, who lived in Düsseldorf until his death in 1973, had a particular impact on the Bundeshaus Bonn (1949), the Viktorshöhe in Bad Godesberg (1949), the Federal Chancellery in the Palais Schaumburg (1950), and the redesigned interior of the rebuilt St. Hedwigs Berlin Cathedral (1952–1963) and the high-rise apartment building in Hansaviertel Berlin reflect the early post-war modernism of the Bonn Republic . As an object designer, he designed system furniture , sacred objects and cutlery for C. Hugo Pott and exhibited together with his brother, the sculptor Kurt Schwippert , in the Lempertz Contempora gallery in Cologne (December 1969 to January 1970).

In 1995 the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg took over his estate in the German Art Archive .

Public work and awards

  • 1952 Steering Committee of the Darmstadt Discussion 'Man and Technology (Product, Form, Use)'
  • 1954 Cross of Merit of the German Red Cross
  • 1947–1963 re-establishment and chairmanship of the Deutscher Werkbund
  • From 1949 founder and co-editor of the monthly magazine of the German Werkbund Werk und Zeit
  • From 1953 co-founder and presidential member of the German Design Council
  • From 1954 member of the board of directors of the cultural group in the Federal Association of German Industry
  • 1955 member of the Berlin Academy of the Arts
  • 1957 Grand State Prize for Architecture of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
  • 1958 Officier de l ' ordre Leopold Belgium
Tower building (residential high-rise) Hansaviertel Berlin (1957)
  • From 1958 member of the Fondation Européenne de la Culture
  • 1959 Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
  • From 1962 member of the Rhein.-Westf. Academy of Science
  • 1962 member of the Royal Society of Arts, London
  • 1963–1969 Chairman of the German Work Federation West-North
  • 1964–1968 member of the founding committee of the University of Dortmund
  • From 1971 member of the German Committee for Cultural Cooperation in Europe
  • From 1973 founding member of the international design center Berlin

Buildings (selection)

  • 1928–1930: Corpus Christi Church in Aachen (involved as an employee of Rudolf Schwarz)
  • 1929–1930: Social women's school (later Catholic University of Applied Sciences) in Aachen (involved as an employee of Rudolf Schwarz)
  • 1932: Feist house in Bad Godesberg
  • before 1943: Single-family house Dr. Ö. in Aachen
  • before 1943: House R. in Aachen (with Georg Pleuß)
  • 1948–1949: Expansion of the former Pedagogical Academy to the Bundeshaus Bonn in Bonn
Karl-Arnold-Haus, Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften Düsseldorf (1960)
Franz-von-Sales Church Düsseldorf (1971)
  • 1959–1960 Catholic Church of St. Bartholomew , Cologne-Ehrenfeld (since January 2014 first Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the Archdiocese of Cologne)
  • 1960: Karl-Arnold-Haus in Düsseldorf with Friedrich Kohlmann
  • 1962 Parish Church of the Holy Family in Düsseldorf-Stockum
  • 1969–1971: Franz von Sales Church in Düsseldorf

Quote

“What is to be set up? Just the apartment or - maybe life after all? "

- Hans Schwippert, Establishing, Judging, Judging, Jurisprudence (1962)

Fonts

  • New household items , Aachen School of Applied Arts, Aachen 1932
  • Rural furniture in simple production , ed. by the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German Volkstum , Deutsche Landbuchhandlung, Berlin 1943
  • People and Technology , New Darmstadt Publishing House 1951
  • Progress and things , Industrieform 1955
  • About the House of Science and the Work of Today's Architects , Westdeutscher Verlag; 1961
  • Hans Schwippert - Catalog for the exhibition in Cologne. 1969
  • Thinking, teaching, building , Econ-Verlag Munich 1982, ISBN 3-430-18252-2 .
  • About doing and needing. Writings on architecture and design , ed. and explained by Agatha Buslei-Wuppermann and Andreas Zeising, Düsseldorf: Grupello Verlag 2008, ISBN 978-3899780932

documentation

  • The photographer Albert Renger-Patzsch took pictures of the Corpus Christi church, the social women's school, the Bundeshaus in Bonn and also the house of Hans Schwippert in Düsseldorf; these recordings are unique documents on modern architecture of the 20th century. In addition, the publication in Die Kunst and Das Schöne Heim . Bruckmann Verlag, Munich 1950; Article with photographs by Albert Renger-Patzsch The Bundeshaus in Bonn on the Rhine by H. Eckstein

literature

  • Hans Schwippert: Thinking, Teaching, Building. Econ Verlag, Düsseldorf / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-430-18252-2 .
  • Gerda Breuer : Hans Schwippert. Bonn parliament building. With a selection from the correspondence with Konrad Adenauer, Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen / Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-8030-0713-1 .
  • Agatha Buslei-Wuppermann, Andreas Zeising: Hans Schwippert's parliament building in Bonn. Architectural modernity and a democratic spirit. Grupello Verlag, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-89978-111-3 .
  • Agatha Buslei-Wuppermann: Hans Schwippert 1899–1973. From craftsmanship to design . Herbert Utz Verlag , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8316-0689-4 .
  • Claus Pese: More than just art. The archive for fine arts in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum. Ostfildern-Ruit 1998 ( Cultural-historical walks in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Vol. 2), pp. 70–73.
  • Jörg Damm, Karin Eßer: course correction - architecture and change in Bonn. Hatje Cantz 2002, ISBN 978-3-7757-1269-9 ; Text / photo book about structural change and living architecture; Museum edition in German / English.
  • Gerda Breuer, Pia Mingels, Christopher Oestereich (eds.): Hans Schwippert 1899–1973, moderation of the reconstruction. JOVIS Verlag Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86859-054-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ estate Schwippert German Art Archive in Nuremberg, Act "DEVICE + SETUP [UNG] / MAGAZINES USW / DOUBLE COPY", no.. 13
  2. ↑ Agatha Buslei-Wuppermann: Hans Schwippert 1899–1973 From craftsmanship to design. In: Kunstwissenschaft 18. Accessed December 28, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Hans Schwippert: Theory and Practice . In: Ulrich Conrads and Peter Neitzke (eds.): The cities open to the sky, speeches and reflections on the reconstruction of what was lost and the return of the new building in 1948/49 . Bauwelt Foundations, No. 125 . Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-7643-6903-5 , pp. 15-21 .
  4. ↑ Hans Schwippert: The ideal of cities using the example of Aachen . In: Hans Schwippert, Thinking-Teaching-Building . Econ, Düsseldorf and Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-430-18252-2 , pp. 167 .
  5. ↑ St. Corpus Christi Aachen. In: Heidelberg University Library - digital -. 1932, accessed on August 6, 2020 (German).
  6. ^ Heidelberg University Library: Ludwig Feist, Feist House in Godesberg. In: Die Form: magazine for creative work. Deutscher Werkbund, August 15, 1932, accessed on March 25, 2020 (German).
  7. ↑ a b Der Baumeister 4/1943, Callwey, Munich
  8. ^ Website of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher St. Bartholomäus
  9. ↑ www.grupello.de: table of contents, foreword, reading sample (pdf)
personal data
SURNAME Schwippert, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 25, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Remscheid
DATE OF DEATH 18th October 1973
Place of death Dusseldorf