St. Hedwig's Cathedral

View of St. Hedwig's Cathedral from Bebelplatz , 2018

The Roman Catholic St. Hedwig's Cathedral (proper spelling: St. Hedwig's Cathedral ) on Bebelplatz in Berlin 's Mitte district is the bishop's church of the Archdiocese of Berlin and the parish church of the St. Hedwig parish . It was built in the years 1747–1887 according to plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff in the Baroque style as part of the Forum Fridericianum . In World War II burned out, the cathedral was 1952-1963, designed by Hans Schwippert in the style of post-war modernism restored. Since 2018 it is due to renovation and remodeling closed, the Kathedralliturgie found in the St. Joseph's Church in Berlin-Wedding place.

Knobelsdorff building

Hedwig's Church, engraving by JL Legeay after a drawing by GW von Knobelsdorff , 1747

View across Opernplatz to the unfinished church, before 1886

Exterior view of the completed Hedwig Church, after 1887

Interior view of the completed Hedwig Church, after 1887

Frederick the Great initially had the idea of ​​building a large pantheon ("consecrated to all gods") based on the Roman model to promote tolerance . The religious communities should hold their services in the chapel niches. His adviser Charles Étienne Jordan , who was also a deacon at the French Church, finally dissuaded him from this idea. The idea of ​​the rotunda was then to be realized in a Catholic church building, the first in Berlin since the end of the Reformation . It was built especially for the new Roman Catholic residents of Berlin from Silesia and is therefore subject to the patronage of Hedwig von Andechs , who is venerated as the patron saint of Silesia .

Beginning

In its design as a round central building, the church was based on the Pantheon in Rome and thus became a representative part of the royal Forum Fridericianum . Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff provided the decisive plans .

The construction period extended from 1747 to 1773. In 1753, the king had approved a lottery to get money for the continuation of the construction. The Latin gable inscription called Cardinal Angelo Maria Quirini († 1755) as the main pacifier . But with the beginning of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) construction work came to a standstill. In 1765, the unfinished building with partly open dome suffered more and more from the rigors of the weather. The Berlin Dominicans sent a call for help to their superiors, because 64,000 thalers were still missing  to complete the construction. The Berlin Jews offered to buy the unfinished building to turn it into a synagogue. It was not until the spring of 1773 that construction work could continue, thanks to financial help from Rome and the king. Nevertheless, site manager Johann Boumann the Elder was  . Ä. Forced for lack of money to provide the wooden dome with a brick covering instead of the planned lead and also to forego the crowning lantern. This and the gable frieze could only be completed at the end of the 19th century.

Directly at the back of the circular church building, a sacrament chapel was built in the form of a second smaller circular building, now a sacristy . Above is the bell chamber . Ignatius Krasicki , Prince-Bishop of Warmia and friend of the Prussian King, consecrated the church on November 1, 1773 .

completion

In line with the engravings made by Jean Laurent Legeay in 1747 based on drawings by Knobelsdorff, Max Hasak completed the building of the church in 1886–1887. He covered the dome with a copper roof and crowned it with a lantern and a cross. The interior was given a neo-baroque interior. While Wilhelm Achtermann had created the over- port relief with scenes from the New Testament as early as 1837 based on designs by Georg Franz Ebenhech , Nikolaus Geiger did not complete the gable relief with a scene of the Adoration of the Kings until 1897, based on a model by Achtermann. In 1927 the Pope granted the Hedwig Church the title of a minor basilica .

After it was elevated to the status of a cathedral, the interior was redesigned from 1930 to 1932 according to plans by the Austrian architect Clemens Holzmeister . Using expressionist design features, one of the most independent examples of expressionist sacred architecture of the late Weimar Republic was created . Holzmeister emphasized the longitudinal axis by opening the main room to what was then the sacrament chapel, today's sacristy. He skillfully incorporated traditional furnishings, such as the baroque altar and the twelve baroque apostle figures, into the modern interior. To the side of the now central central axis, he placed the bishop's cathedra and a passage to a newly built sacristy . He removed the decorations from the Wilhelmine era in the interior , but without erasing the traces of the various layers of furnishings.

During the Second World War , the St. Hedwig's Cathedral burned down to the surrounding walls during an Allied air raid on the night of March 2, 1943. The dome was also destroyed.

Organs

From 1773 to 1930 St. Hedwig had a late baroque organ. In 1932, the Hedwig Cathedral received an organ system with 78 registers , distributed among the altar and gallery organ, built by the organ building company Klais (Bonn). The gallery organ had 44 stops on four manual works and a pedal . The altar organ was above the bishop's throne and vestry entrance. It had 34 stops on two manual works and pedal and its own console in the choir stalls, but could also be played from the general console on the gallery. Both instruments were destroyed in World War II.

Schwippert building

Ruins of St. Hedwig's Cathedral, 1946

View over Bebelplatz to the restored cathedral, 1979

Former interior with upper and lower church

Former burial place of Bernhard Lichtenberg in the crypt

In the years 1952 to 1963, the cathedral, now located in socialist East Berlin , was restored. The West German architect Hans Schwippert redesigned the interior in collaboration with East German artists and created an unusual room layout. In the sacred building destroyed by the bombing, access to the lower church with the newly created eight chapels was created. The exterior architecture of the central building, largely preserved in substance, was restored based on the historical appearance. The dome, however, was changed in outline and received a copper- clad, paraboloidal concrete shell construction made up of 84 segments. It has an inner diameter of 33 meters. The lantern originally planned by Schwippert above the dome was dispensed with in the construction, as was the group of figures of Hedwig von Andechs, venerated as a saint, at the top of the gable triangle . Instead of a three-meter high lantern was gilded cross in copper embossed work on the flat-topped dome placed, designed and executed in the studio of Fritz Kuhn . Plain plaster ashlars , high, simple arched windows and a surrounding main cornice are an expression of the facade design of a cathedral corresponding to the period of reconstruction.

Upper Church

The newly designed interior by Hans Schwippert was shaped by the sober spatial ideal of that time and was described as a “masterpiece of architecture from the fifties”. In Hans Schwippert's architecture, the upper church was related concentrically to the altar, while later the axis and thus the symmetry of the circular space were emphasized more strongly by the cathedra , a runner, the altar and the organ. The glass railing along the opening to the lower church contributed significantly to the clear overall impression. The execution was carried out by Fritz Kühn . The vertical structure of the lower church's altar, which served as the foundation, was striking with the stele and gilded tabernacle on which the main altar rested - protruding into the upper church.

The goldsmiths Fritz sword and Hubertus Förster (* 1929) from Aachen designed the tabernacle and the gilded altar cross with a crucifix from Ivory of Kurt Schwippert . Anton Wendling designed the carpet-like, graphically designed windows in the upper church . In the altar pillar that connected the two altars, one was Peter - plastic used, a gift Pope John Paul II. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the diocese in 1980. The observer, the vertical structure of the altar design presented by the half-open crypt as remarkable Unity and connection of lower and upper church.

The inventory of the cathedral included three large-format tapestries. What they all have in common is the motif of the “City of God”, the “ heavenly Jerusalem ” from the Revelation of John ( Rev 21 : 1-2  EU ). The former Bauhaus student Margaretha Reichardt (1907-1984) (Grete Reichardt) from Erfurt , created 1963 a large hand-woven tapestry , of the stylized Jerusalem shows. Anton Wendling (1891–1965) used application technology for his colored geometric composition. Else Bechteler-Moses (* 1933) from Munich designed a three-part carpet that was created from 1979 to 1981 in collaboration with the Nuremberg tapestry manufactory. He represents God sitting on the throne, who is also close to people (cf. Rev 4  EU ).

Lower church

The crypt was modeled on the Martyrs Confessio of early Christian basilicas and, in addition to its function as a lower church with a baptistery , confessionals and the burial place of the Berlin bishops, also served to commemorate the Catholic martyrs of Berlin during the National Socialist era . There was - until the renovation of the cathedral started in 2018 and the relocation of the bones involved - the grave of the blessed cathedral provost Bernhard Lichtenberg , who died in 1943 while being transported to the Dachau concentration camp in Hof , as well as a memorial plaque for the blessed Petro Werhun , who as Pastor among the Ukrainians and was deported to Siberia by the Soviet occupying forces in 1945 .

The cathedral priest Heinz Endres and the architect Hans Schwippert commissioned the artist Josef Hegenbarth with the design of the 14 stations of the cross for the newly created way of the cross in the lower church . A year before his death, Hegenbarth completed the black and white brush drawings in November 1961 . The cycle belongs to the extensive group of works of biblical representations with which he occupied himself throughout his life. Notker Eckmann even saw Josef Hegenbarth as “the old master of German passion art”. Hegenbarth's Last Leaves on the Passion , also from 1960/1961 , are related . From this, in 1983, the Way of the Cross of the Youth was compiled.

The Way of the Cross of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin is the only work that Hegenbarth conceived as part of a total work of art and for permanent viewing in public space. He executed the original drawings in slightly different formats. The dimensions of the originals vary in height from 460 to 500 mm and in width from 310 to 370 mm. They were later exchanged for standardized reproductions.

The stations of the cross were attached to the rounded wall surfaces between the chapels of the crypt (lower church). The first station is on the left opposite the statue of St. Anthony of Padua. The first four stations were between the grave chapel of the Berlin bishops and that of the blessed cathedral provost Bernhard Lichtenberg:

• Exhibition of Jesus: Ecce homo (No. I)
• Jesus takes up the cross (No. II)
• Jesus falls under the cross (No. III)
• Jesus meets his mother (No. IV)

Stations five to twelve followed on the following walls of the lower church up to the Marienkapelle:

• Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus carry the cross (No. V)
• Veronica's handkerchief (No. VI)
• Jesus falls under the cross for the second time (No. VII)
• Jesus speaks to the complaining women (No. VIII, left of the altar stele)
• Jesus falls under the cross for the third time (No. IX, to the right of the altar stele)
• Jesus is stripped of his clothes (No. X)
• Jesus is nailed to the cross (No. XI)
• Jesus dies on the cross (No. XII)

Finally, immediately in front of the treasury:

• Jesus is taken from the cross (No. XIII)
• Jesus is laid in the grave (No. XIV)

Hegenbarth adheres to the usual order of the stations, but in the design he avoids anything traditional. He tells the Passion story from a highly unconventional perspective. His depictions of the Way of the Cross have a meditative pictorial character and appear "psychologically expressive and parable". Sabine Schulte describes this impression as follows: “The seriousness of the choice of the artistic genre [drawing] for a way of the cross related to the spatial conditions [...] is impressive. Every single sheet creates such an intense and inner collection as it can only be achieved in this place. "

Organs

Klais organ (dismantled and stored in 2019)

From 1964 a one-manual organ from the Alexander Schuke company served as a makeshift instrument. According to the Schuke catalog raisonné, it was op. 352 with 10 registers on two manuals and pedal.

The new cathedral organ was built in 1975–1977 by the organ building company Klais as Opus 1529 with 67 stops and 4630 pipes on three manual works and a pedal, and inaugurated in 1978. The instrument had 68 registers since a general cleaning and the additional installation of the swell trumpet 8 ′ in 1997. It hung as a swallow's nest above the main portal and weighed around 20 tons. Klais and the prospectus designers Josef Schäfer and Paul Corazolla tried to make the organ a sculpture by arranging the parts and the (partly gold-plated) decor on the prospect pipes. The individual works were housed on a total of three levels, which can be seen from the design of the prospectus. The main work was located in the upper organ case that reached into the dome. Below was the gaming table. The swell, which was not visible from the church, was on the central plane. The Rückpositiv protruding into the church was located below the central plane; the pipes of the pedals flanked the Rückpositiv or were located behind it (so-called " Hamburger Prospekt "). The slider chests -instrument had mechanical play and electrical Register contractures , was associated with a 5120-fold electronic combination system , including disk drive equipped, and had a key fetter on the main work and a registration bondage.

After a final concert in early September 2018 with cathedral organist Thomas Sauer , who had played the organ for more than forty years, and the subsequent closure of the cathedral, the instrument was completely dismantled and stored in July 2019.

I Rückpositiv C – a 3 01. Praestant 08th' 02. Reed flute 08th' 03. Quintad 08th' 04th Principal 00 04 ′ 05. recorder 04 ′ 06th Dumped 04 ′ 07th Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 08th. Octave 02 ′ 09. Hollow flute 02 ′ 10. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′ 11. Larigot 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 12. Sifflet 01' 13. Scharff V 01' 14th Dulcian 16 ′ 15th Cromorne 08th' 16. Vox humana 08th' Tremulant

II main work C – a 3 17th Praestant 16 ′ 18th Principal 08th' 19th Wooden dacked 08th' 20th Bifaria 08th' 21st Octave 04 ′ 22nd Night horn 04 ′ 23. Reed flute 04 ′ 24. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 25th Super octave 02 ′ 26th Forest flute 02 ′ 27. Cornet V (from f sharp) 00 28. Mixture V 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 29 Cymbel IV 01 ⁄ 2 ′ 30th Trumpet 16 ′ 31. Trumpet 08th' 32. Trumpet 04 ′

III Swell C – a 3 33. Pipe border 16 ′ 34. Salicional 16 ′ 35. Wooden principal 08th' 36. Flute harmonique 00 08th' 37. Pointed Gamba 08th' 38. Vox coelestis 08th' 39. Gemshorn 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 40. Fugara 04 ′ 41. Transverse flute 04 ′ 42. Dulz flute 04 ′ 43. third 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′ 44. Pipe whistle 02 ′ 45. Sesquialter II 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 46. Septnon II 01 7 ⁄ 9  ′ 47. Fittings VI 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 48. English horn 16 ′ 49. Trumpet (1997) 08th' 50. oboe 08th' 51. Clarine 04 ′ Tremulant

Pedal C – g 1 52. Principal 16 ′ 53. Sub bass 16 ′ 54. Subtle bass 16 ′ 55. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 56. Octave 08th' 57. cello 08th' 58. Pointed 08th' 59. third 06 2 ⁄ 5  ′ 60. Super octave 04 ′ 61. Gemshorn 04 ′ 62. Funnel flute 04 ′ 63. Back set IV 00 02 ′ 64. Mixture III 01' 65. bassoon 32 ′ 66. trombone 16 ′ 67. Wooden trumpet 08th' 68. Schalmey 04 ′ Tremulant

• Link : III / I, I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, III Super / P
• Slider chests, mechanical action mechanism, electrical stop mechanism, electrical coupling
• annotation

1. ↑ Floating lower.
2. ↑ toning down No. 53.

In the lower church there was also an organ with seven registers on a manual (C – g ³ : Salicional 8 ′; the following registers all divided into bass and treble side: Gedackt 8 ′, reed flute 4 ′, principal 4 ′, principal 2 ′, sifflet 1 ′) and pedal (C-f ¹ : Subbass 16 ′); the instrument had a pedal coupler.

Bells

The cathedral has four bells hung in the smaller dome above the sacristy . They were cast in 1952 by the Franz Schilling bell foundry in Apolda and have the chimes e '(resurrection bell ), g' (Corpus Christi), a '(Soli Deo Gloria) and h' (St. Hedwig). Part of the bell bronze comes from a 3,264 kg b ^o bell with a five-part chime that the Otto bell foundry from Hemelingen / Bremen cast for the parish church of St. Adalbert in Aachen in 1896. Like thousands of other bells, St. Adalbert's bells were confiscated during World War II.

Refurbishment and conversion (since 2018)

Depiction of St. Hedwig and the cathedral on a postage stamp of the Deutsche Bundespost , 1955

In November 2013, the Archdiocese of Berlin announced an architectural competition for the redesign of the interior and the structural environment, because the developments in liturgy and theology as a result of the Second Vatican Council required corresponding structural developments and adjustments. 169 drafts were submitted. On June 30, 2014, the jury decided on a design by the architecture office Sichau & Walter Architekten GmbH from Fulda with Leo Zogmayer from Vienna as the first prize winner. The draft envisages a closure of the opening to the lower church, through which a "normal centrality" should be achieved, which would do justice to the liturgical requirements and the tradition of the building in equal measure.

At the plenary meeting of the Diocesan Council of Catholics in the Archdiocese of Berlin in February 2016, 78 percent of the delegates voted for the renovation of the cathedral on the basis of the winning design, which, however, still had to be further developed. In November 2016, ownership of the cathedral was transferred from the cathedral parish to the archbishopric. After a majority of all committees and councils of the archbishopric had voted in favor of a redesign, Archbishop Heiner Koch announced in a pastoral letter on November 1, 2016 his decision to redesign the interior of the cathedral on the basis of the design of the award winners with the closure of the floor opening.

The renovation costs are estimated at 43 million euros. At the same time, the neighboring Bernhard-Lichtenberg-Haus is to be renovated for 17 million euros and to include a "science center" for a dialogue on ethical or interreligious issues, as well as the seat of the Berlin Archbishop and a "low-threshold Caritas service". Construction work is scheduled to begin in 2018. One fifth of the total costs are borne by the federal government . At the beginning of March 2018, the Archdiocese announced that the cathedral liturgy would be celebrated as a replacement location in St. Joseph im Wedding during the renovation work from September of the same year . Archbishop Heiner Koch celebrated the last pontifical office before the renovation in the cathedral on August 15, 2018 . As of September 1, 2018, there were no more services in the church. During the renovation phase of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin-Mitte (since 2018), the cathedral liturgy will be celebrated in St. Joseph's Church as a replacement location. At the end of May 2020, the renovation of the damaged dome roof began, although its historical condition with the lantern will not be restored.

The building application for the renovation and redesign of the cathedral submitted to the Berlin-Mitte district office on February 27, 2020 was approved on July 16, 2020 and has been available to the Archdiocese of Berlin since July 29, 2020. Previously, on July 14, 2020, the Berlin Regional Court had dismissed several copyright lawsuits by artists or their legal successors against the Archdiocese of Berlin who were involved in the design of the reconstruction of the cathedral and who wanted to prevent the interior from being redesigned with their lawsuits. The judge stated that the property rights of the archdiocese take precedence over the copyright of the artists, because during the renovation the previous artistic design of the interior will not only be changed, but removed, so that the artists can no longer assert copyrights.

Criticism of the redesign

The plans for the redesign led to a public debate as it became known. The monument authority was represented in the jury, but did not recognize a monument-compliant solution in any of the designs that took into account the existing double-church character of the Schwippert building with the interlocking of the lower, the memorial level, with the church space. The Monument Protection Foundation criticized the project even though it was represented on the selection committee.

The architecture critic Jürgen Tietz assessed the redesign plans as the conversion of St. Hedwig's Cathedral into a 21st century cathedral in Berlin-Mitte. The building historian Adrian Buttlar campaigned with other personalities in an open letter to Archbishop Heiner Koch for the preservation of the monument in Schwippert's architecture. The decision of the archbishopric in favor of a church space that also addresses people “to whom Christian symbols are foreign” was described as “tragic” in public. The art scholar Nikolaus Bernau stated in the article Umbau Ost that the redesign of the Schwippert church space would ignore “the lives of a generation of East German Catholics”. The critics, who formed the citizens' initiative Friends of St. Hedwig's Cathedral under the motto “Show the Cross”, called for a protest demonstration on Bebelplatz, in which around 60 people took part.

On September 13, 2019, the responsible district office imposed a construction freeze on the interior of the cathedral due to “unauthorized or uncoordinated demolition work” in the interior of the cathedral after it had received corresponding “information from third parties”; What was meant was an advertisement from the “Friends of the Hedwig Cathedral” initiative. The district office withdrew the construction freeze on September 27, as after an inspection it turned out that the allegations were unjustified. A few weeks later the high altar was demolished. In the course of the renovation of Hedwig's Cathedral, the bell cage is to be replaced and the bell system expanded.

Clergy to St. Hedwig

→ Main article : List of the bishops and archbishops of Berlin

literature

• Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings , part VI, sacred buildings . Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-433-01016-1 , p. 32 ff., 184 f., 355 (figures pp. 77–79, 417–418).
• Christine Goetz , Victor H. Elbern : The St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2000, ISBN 3-7954-1253-6 .
• Agatha Buslei-Wuppermann (Ed.): St. Hedwig's Cathedral Berlin - Hans Schwippert's memorial for peace. JOVIS Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86859-560-4 .
• Klaus Müller : A middle that stands for the whole. The Berlin St. Hedwig's Cathedral as a church building for a theology of the 21st century. (= SANKT HEDWIG MITTE vol. 1). Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-451-39911-4 .
• Benedikt Kranemann , Klemens Richter : The interior design of St. Hedwig's Cathedral Berlin. Liturgical historical and liturgical theological aspects. (= SANKT HEDWIG MITTE Vol. 2). Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-451-39766-0 .
• Bernhard Schneider : Hedwig of Silesia and the Caritas revolution. (= SANKT HEDWIG MITTE Vol. 3). Verlag Herder, Freiburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-451-38679-4 .

Web links

Commons : Saint Hedwig's Cathedral  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
• St. Hedwig's Cathedral. In: arch INFORM .
• Website of the cathedral parish of St. Hedwig
• St. Hedwig's Cathedral - Berlin.de
• Sacred furnishings by Schwerdt and Förster, Aachen
• Slideshow of the award-winning design for the renovation
• The roof structure of St. Hedwig's Church in Berlin. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , issue 38, 1918, p. 298

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sankt Hedwig Mitte: History of St. Hedwig's Cathedral. Accessed May 31, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Building history
3. ↑ ^{a b c} record cover of the Eterna LP 8 27 476 “The Klaisorgel of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin” - Edgar Krapp plays works by Bach, Mendelssohn and Liszt (recording from 1979).
4. ↑ Information about the organs from 1932 on the website of the organ builder.
5. ↑ Kai Kappel: What remains of the new beginnings of the 20th century. For the redesign of St. Hedwig in Berlin. (PDF) Kunstexte.de, 2014, accessed on April 25, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Marcus Böttcher, Volkmar Otto (photos): Well coupled . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 10, 2017, p. 14.
7. ↑ Bauwelt of August 11, 2015, p. 4 ( PDF )
8. ^ Georg Mörsch: A barely concealed disparagement . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , February 25, 2014 (PDF).
9. ↑ Hedwig's Cathedral: interior
10. ↑ St. Hedwig's Cathedral Berlin. Inner space. Tapestries . (Accessed November 20, 2016)
11. ^ The St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin as a liturgical space . In: Monuments Online 6/2014
12. ↑ Catalog raisonné of Hegenbarth's hand drawings
13. ↑ Notker Eckmann: Small story of the Way of the Cross . In: World of Faith in Art . tape VI . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1968, p. 52 .
14. ↑ Josef Hegenbarth . In: Harald Olbrich, Gerhard Strauss, Dieter Dolgner et al. (Ed.): Lexicon of Art . tape 3 . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-423-05906-0 , pp. 173 .
15. ↑ Sabine Schulte: Circle, Cross and Cosmos. Hans Schwippert's interior for Berlin's Hedwig Cathedral . Ed .: Alfred M. Molter in connection with the State Conservator of Berlin and the Deutsche Gesellschaft e. V. Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-941675-83-4 .
16. ↑ [1]
17. ↑ ^{a b} Information on the organ on the website of the St. Hedwig Choir: http://www.hedwigschor-berlin.de/
18. ↑ Information about the organ on the website of the cathedral, and about the organ on the website of the organ builder.
19. ↑ Almost 5000 organ pipes: Archdiocese dismantles church organ. Die Welt , July 3, 2019, accessed on May 5, 2020 . 
20. ↑ Information about the bells on the cathedral website
21. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, here in particular p. 42 .
22. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, here in particular p. 62 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at the Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
23. ↑ “It is time.” Provost Rother on the renovation of Sankt Hedwig. In: Catholic Sunday newspaper Archdiocese of Berlin. Our Archdiocese. 119th vol., No. 44, 2nd / 3rd year November 2013, p. I.
24. ↑ bauwelt.de: Light is hope - redesign of the interior of Berlin's St. Hedwig's Cathedral
25. ↑ kathisch.de : Berlin Diocesan Council for Reconstruction of Hedwig's Cathedral , February 27, 2016.
26. ↑ Archbishopric Berlin, press release of October 17, 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 2, 2017 . 
27. ^ Nikolaus Bernau: St. Hedwig's Cathedral: Conversion East. In: The time . March 2, 2018, Retrieved April 25, 2018 . 
28. ^ Domradio: Further resistance to the renovation of Hedwig's Cathedral, letter of criticism to German bishops. domradio.de, February 21, 2018, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
29. ↑ Ronald Berg: Construction project of the Catholic Church: Scandal about Saint Hedwig . In: The daily newspaper . July 27, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed July 27, 2018]).
30. ↑ ^{a b} 12 million for the Berlin Hedwig's Cathedral. rbb-online.de, November 25, 2016, accessed on November 26, 2016 . 
31. ↑ erzbistumberlin.de. Press release of November 2, 2016, accessed November 9, 2016; The text of the pastoral word of November 1, 2016, accessed on November 9, 2016.
32. ↑ erzbistumberlin.de: St. Joseph Wedding is the replacement location for the cathedral.
33. ↑ erzbistumberlin.de: St. Joseph Wedding is the replacement location for the cathedral.
34. ↑ Archbishopric Berlin: Sankt Hedwig's Cathedral: renovation of the domes. Accessed May 31, 2020 . 
35. ↑ erzbistum-berlin.de: Sankt Hedwig Mitte: building application approved , July 30, 2020.
36. ↑ domradio.de: Copyright lawsuits dismissed , July 14, 2020.
37. ↑ Jürgen Tietz: A cathedral of the 21st century. In: NZZ . February 24, 2015, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
38. ↑ Archbishopric Berlin, press release from July 1, 2014. Accessed December 16, 2014 . 
39. ↑ Berlin as the Swiss talk of the town - Neue Züricher Zeitung prints articles about St. Hedwig's Cathedral. In: Day of the Lord. March 5, 2015, accessed July 27, 2018 . 
40. ↑ Berlin as the Swiss talk of the town - Neue Züricher Zeitung prints articles about St. Hedwig's Cathedral. In: Day of the Lord. March 5, 2015, accessed July 27, 2018 . 
41. ^ Adrian von Butlar: Open letter on the planned reconstruction of St. Hedwig's Cathedral. (PDF) April 21, 2016, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
42. ↑ Monument protectors call diocese plans “tragic” - controversial reconstruction of Hedwig's Cathedral is approved. In: rbb 24 politics. rbb , February 16, 2018, accessed April 25, 2018 . 
43. ^ Nikolaus Bernau: St. Hedwig's Cathedral: Conversion East. In: The time . March 2, 2018, accessed April 27, 2018 . 
44. ↑ rbb24.de: Hedwig's Cathedral renovation - last episcopal service , August 16, 2018.
45. ↑ Construction freeze for Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin. In: tagesspiegel.de. September 18, 2019, accessed October 18, 2019 . 
46. ↑ "Construction stop will be canceled". Preparations for the renovation of Hedwig's Cathedral can continue. In: tagesspiegel.de. September 27, 2019, accessed October 18, 2019 . 
47. ↑ The altar has already been cleared ( Memento from November 5, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) (Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 4, 2019)
48. ↑ Information

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 57 ″  N , 13 ° 23 ′ 41 ″  E