Jan Bouman

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The Dutch Quarter in Potsdam, summer 2004

Jan Bouman , Johann Boumann [the elder] (born August 28, 1706 in Amsterdam , † September 6, 1776 in Berlin ) was a builder who immigrated to Prussia from the Netherlands . His most famous work is Prince Heinrich's Palace , which is now the main building of the Humboldt University in Berlin . He is one of the major builders of the Frederician Rococo .

Life

Bouman was born as the fifth of six children of the carpenter Michiel Bouman (* 1670, † after 1732) and Anna Joosten. Approx. From 1722 to 1730 he received training as a carpenter with the right to build houses on his own. In 1732 he married Anna Johanna van Lohuijsen (1713–1769) in Amsterdam.

Potsdam

Old Town Hall in Potsdam (from 1753)
Prince Heinrich's Palace , Berlin (1748–66)
Berliner Tor, Potsdam (from 1752)
Berlin Cathedral (1747–50)
Completion of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin (1770–73). To the left of Bouman's house

In the same year, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I called him to Potsdam to build the Dutch Quarter . With him came his brother Dirck (Dietrich; born September 11, 1713; † February 10, 1776 in Potsdam), who was also a master carpenter. Around 1735 they were followed by their brother Abraham (born February 25, 1709 in Amsterdam, † around 1741 in Potsdam), who settled down as a goldsmith . Dirck's daughter from his second marriage, Maria Catharina (1760-1813), was married to Johann Jacob Krutisch (born January 16, 1749 in Hochstedt, Hessen-Kassel ; † November 20, 1817 in Potsdam), who was 1773-1817 the court gardener of the Sanssouci - Melonery was. The Bouman family belonged to the French Reformed Congregation in Potsdam.

In 1745, King Friedrich II appointed Bouman castellan of the Potsdam City Palace . On May 2, 1745, he also appointed him construction manager for Sanssouci Palace , replacing the previous construction manager Friedrich Wilhelm Diterichs . In 1747 he also gave him the management of the renovation and expansion of the city palace, also based on plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff .

Bouman built a house near Potsdam which, after changing hands and renovations, later became Charlottenhof Palace . 1747–50 he created a new cathedral building on the Spree side of the Berlin Lustgarten after the demolition of the old Berlin Cathedral and renovated the buildings of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Between 1748 and 1766 he built a palace for Prince Heinrich of Prussia on Unter den Linden in Berlin , which today is the main building of the Humboldt University after expansion and renovation. From 1748 Jan Bouman worked as senior construction director in the Potsdam "Baucomtoir" of the royal building projects. In Potsdam he created the Berliner Tor in 1752 , the Friedrichskirche in the Weberviertel in 1752/53 and, according to Knobelsdorff's plans, the French Church (Potsdam) and in 1753, together with Christian Ludwig Hildebrandt , the old town hall according to his own design .

Berlin

In 1755 the king appointed him senior construction director for his construction work in Berlin and Potsdam. Bouman moved to Berlin, where he lived on the corner of Französische and Markgrafenstrasse. Friedrich Nicolai wrote that he had a nice collection of paintings . After 1763 he expanded Schönhausen Palace , the summer residence of the Prussian queen. His last major contract was the construction of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin, which he completed in 1770–73 based on a design by Jean Laurent Legeay .

Jan Bouman's six children from his first marriage - whose surnames were changed - included Georg Friedrich von Boumann (* 1737; † 1812 or 1817), who became a master builder and architect after Colonel Artillery, was briefly senior construction director in succession to his father and was ennobled in 1801. The philologist and writer Ludwig von Boumann (1801–1871) was his son. Jan Bouman's younger son Michael Philipp Boumann (1747–1803) also became a builder and architect. Bouman married Maria Louisa Elisabeth Donner (born August 28, 1706 in Amsterdam), the widow of the businessman Konrad Heinrich Gottfried Donner, for the second time in Berlin in 1772. Jan Bouman died at the age of 70 on September 6, 1776 in Berlin and was buried in a vault of the Parochial Church.

style

Even if Bouman's late baroque architectural style shows an unmistakable sobriety and severity, he was nevertheless known to other architects such as B. Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff equal. Many of Knobelsdorff's designs were realized by Jan Bouman.

There is the Jan Bouman House in Potsdam's Dutch Quarter with mostly original structure from 1735, which is open to the public as a museum. In autumn 2006 the exhibition “300 Years of Jan Bouman” was shown there.

literature

  • Uwe Kieling , Uwe Hecker: Berlin architects and master builders until 1800. Biographical lexicon (= miniatures on the history, culture and preservation of Berlin monuments, 9). Kulturbund der DDR, Berlin 1983, p. 11 f.
  • Irmgard Wirth:  Boumann, Johann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 491 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Ute Kamps: "... this is how we want to build mosques and churches." Friderizian church building in Potsdam. In: Förderkreis Alte Kirchen Berlin-Brandenburg eV: Open Churches 2012. Brandenburg churches invite you , ISBN 978-3-928918-44-2 , pp. 6–8 (online at altekirchen.de )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Ludwig Manger (garden inspector and chief building officer): Heinrich Ludewig Manger's building history of Potsdam, especially under the government of King Frederick the Second. 1. Volume, Nicolai, Berlin / Stettin 1789/90, pp. 34-35 and 46-50 ( online ).
  2. ^ Friedrich Nicolai , Description of the royal royal cities of Berlin and Potsdam , 1769, p. 372-7. In: Christoph Frank (2002) The Gotzkowsky, Eimbke and Stein painting collections : On the history of the Berlin collection during the Seven Years' War, p. 159. In: Michael North (ed.): Art collecting and taste in the 18th century. Berlin, p. 117-194.