Palais Schaumburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Front view, driveway, forecourt
Rear view
Aerial view
Palais Schaumburg
Villa Loeschigk (between 1879 and 1894)
Palais Schaumburg (around 1900)
Palais Schaumburg, 1950
Palais Schaumburg as Federal Chancellery, October 4, 1964
Parks
Side entrance: Federal Chancellery, Bonn office

The Palais Schaumburg is a castle-like building in Bonn , which was the first official seat of the Federal Chancellery and thus the Federal Chancellor from 1949 to 1976 . Originally a villa built between 1858 and 1860, it was given its present appearance at the end of the 19th century after several renovations and extensions. After the completion of a new building for the Federal Chancellery in 1976, it was still referred to as the “House of the Federal Chancellor” and was mainly used for representative purposes. As a result of the relocation of the seat of government to Berlin in 1999, the Palais Schaumburg served as the second official seat of the Federal Chancellery and Federal Chancellor from May 2001 until a renovation-related interruption from August 2013. It is named after its second owner from the Princely House of Schaumburg-Lippe from 1890.

The palace is located in the immediate federal district east of Adenauerallee ( B 9 ; house number 141) and west of the banks of the Rhine (Wilhelm-Spiritus-Ufer) directly south of Villa Hammerschmidt , currently the second official seat of the German Federal President . It is a stop on the Path of Democracy History Trail .

history

Private ownership (1860–1939)

The late Classicist building was built from 1858 to 1860 on behalf of the Aachen cloth manufacturer Aloys Knops (1814–1898) as a city villa in the style and size of a baroque pleasure palace (maison de plaisance) based on a design by the Aachen architect and builder Andreas Hansen , Knops' father-in-law. The execution was in the hands of the master mason Josef Porcher. This original two-storey building with a mezzanine and flat hipped roof comprises seven longitudinal and five transverse axes , was plastered with ashlar on the ground floor and was structured through rectangular windows with beams and cornice . Towards the garden, a two-story porch was built on three sides of the salon, which is adjoined by a garden terrace.

In 1860 the villa was acquired by the Thuringian cloth manufacturer and US citizen Wilhelm Loeschigk (1808–1887) when he and his family moved from New York City to Bonn. Loeschigk had the building expanded to include the small round tower and, in 1875–1879, a small bay-like extension on the north side; his family lived in the house until 1890. He gave the house the name Villa Loeschigk at the time . Along with the Villa Troost and Villa Prieger at the time, it was one of three villas that were initially equivalent in terms of urban planning on the southern edge of Bonn. Loeschigk also ran agricultural cultivation on his property with a wine house and chicken house, and he had also set up a forge .

In 1894, Prince Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe (1859–1916), a son of the ruling Prince Adolf I , acquired the villa. In the same year, Prince Adolf married Princess Viktoria of Prussia (1866–1929), a daughter of Emperor Friedrich III. and Empress Victoria and younger sister of Kaiser Wilhelm II ; the marriage remained childless. After their honeymoon, the couple moved into the Bonn villa in 1891 and had the building expanded from 1894 to 1896 by the Berlin court architect Ernst von Ihne to include an L-shaped structure, consisting of a wing in the north (nine-axis) and one in the east (five-axis). Three-axis central projections on the street front, on the new building with Söller as well as on the old building with two-storey column arrangement and arched windows go back to you - as well as the garden facade connecting the old and new building with arched loggia . A vestibule and a large staircase formed the new main entrance. Ihne also had the villa equipped with valuable furniture and works of art.

In 1904, in addition to the residential building, the villa also included a porter's house, a side house ( orangery , apartment and greenhouse), a machine house, two greenhouses , a wagon shed, a riding arena and a tennis court.

In the following years up to World War I , the property was regularly the focus of social festivities and imperial visits; Its name, which is still used today, as Palais Schaumburg comes from this time . After the death of Prince Adolf in 1916, his widow Viktoria inherited the Palais Schaumburg in 1917 , which housed English and Canadian soldiers, including the Canadian commander Arthur Currie , until 1919 . At the end of 1919 Viktoria sold the palace to Adolf II zu Schaumburg-Lippe , a nephew of her deceased husband, but secured a lifelong right to live and use.

In 1927 Viktoria married the Russian impostor Alexander Zoubkoff (1900–1936) in the “Red Salon” (later the cabinet room) of the Palais Schaumburg , who was expelled to Luxembourg in 1928 due to several frauds . The Schaumburg-Lippe family then withdrew their right to live in the palace from the heavily indebted Viktoria and had the entire inventory auctioned off in October 1929; offices and rental apartments were set up in the buildings. After Adolf's death in 1936, his siblings inherited the Palais Schaumburg in equal parts.

State ownership (since 1939)

In February 1939 the Palais Schaumburg was acquired by the German Reich for 709,000 Reichsmarks to house parts of a military staff of the Wehrmacht , the "Armeekommando 2". The command subordinated to Military District VI (Münster) moved there in November 1939, but ended its activities in the palace with the start of the western campaign on May 10, 1940. After the end of World War II, it was under British military administration ; From autumn 1948 to autumn 1949 it was the headquarters of the Belgian Armed Forces in Germany - the flags were raised on November 2nd. The building files of the former Villa Loeschigk were confiscated by the Allies and destroyed in England, so that they are now considered lost. On November 5, 1949, Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer , who had previously resided for two months in the nearby Koenig Museum , designated Palais Schaumburg as his new office and moved in on November 25, 1949. Two months later he received the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman as the first state guest . Adenauer also had a small apartment with three rooms and a bathroom in the Palais, which he did not use to spend the night.

In 1950 Hans Schwippert converted the building for use as the Federal Chancellery at a cost of one million DM; Among other things, a covered driveway and a vestibule with new stairs were created. 1954/55 - after the federal ownership of the site of the former Villa Selve had become - the palace was based on a design of the Federal Building on the north side two three-storey, each arranged at right angles administration building with low-pitched, slate-roofed hipped roofs (houses 2 and 3; "Old Chancellery ”), which are connected to each other and to the palace by single-storey, glass transverse wings. From then on, the main entrance to the Federal Chancellery was House 2, which took the position of a central building in the newly created overall complex.

At the far end of the property - right by the wall on the banks of the Rhine - host Adenauer had a pavilion, the so-called Chancellor Tea House , built in 1955 . It was built on the foundations of a previously existing Walhalla lookout architecture. Closer to the palace, invisible from here in the spacious park, Sep Ruf built the “Chancellor's residence and reception building”, the so-called Chancellor's bungalow, in a modern style from 1963 to 1964, which was first moved by Adenauer's successor Ludwig Erhard . During the reign of Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1966-69; CDU), a helicopter landing pad was set up in the park of Palais Schaumburg .

Since the previous Chancellery did not offer enough space, it was finally replaced in July 1976 under Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt - his office was relocated on July 7th - by a new building started nearby by his predecessor Willy Brandt during his term of office . The palace has now - especially for cultural events, political meetings with state guests in - after a 1978 completed interior and exterior renovation of state receptions to contract signings and international conferences such as the G7 summit in Bonn in 1978 and the G7 summit in Bonn in 1985 used . After the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety was re-established in 1986, Palais Schaumburg was the official seat of this authority for a short time until 1987. After German reunification in 1990/91, the five federal ministers responsible for special tasks in the federal cabinet at the time had their offices there. In May 1990, representatives of both German states signed the State Treaty on the creation of a monetary, economic and social union in the Palais Schaumburg . The last Federal Chancellor, Gerhard Schröder , who had his headquarters in Bonn, had two specially furnished living rooms in the palace (formerly Adenauer's private rooms).

After moving the seat of government to Berlin in 1999, the Palais Schaumburg became the second official seat of the Federal Chancellery in May 2001 - at the same time as the move into the new building in Berlin . There were initially around 40 internal service employees, the petitions department , the department responsible for subsidies and travel expenses and the registry on the top floor . The Federal Chancellors Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel , who were in office at this time, only used the second office irregularly, including for meetings with state guests on the sidelines of events taking place in Bonn. At the beginning of September 2004, the Federal Cabinet met again for the first time in the Palais Schaumburg. Today the second office consists of around 20 employees who, among other things, process all citizens' letters to the Federal Chancellor and petitions. House 2 was taken over by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development together with the Federal Chancellery building from 1976 after a complete renovation, and in 2007 also House 3. In August 2013, the property was closed for renovation and fire protection modernization of the palace. During the closure, the Bonn office of the Federal Chancellery has its seat in the premises of the neighboring Press and Information Office of the Federal Government . At the beginning of 2015, the necessary renovation work was put out to tender, which after various complications did not begin until the beginning of 2019 and should be completed by the end of 2022 (other information: October 2023). The Palais Schaumburg stands as a monument under monument protection .

The House of History of the Federal Republic of Germany has had a permanent exhibition on the history of the house and the Federal Chancellor in Palais Schaumburg since 2006. The building is not freely accessible. Free tours can usually be booked at the House of History. However, during the renovation-related closure (since August 2013) the palace is not accessible.

Use of the Palais Schaumburg as the second official seat of the Federal Chancellor
date Chancellor occasion
3rd to 4th September 2004 Gerhard Schröder A closed meeting of the Federal Cabinet with the Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson and the former Dutch Prime Minister Wim Kok as guests
November 3, 2004 Gerhard Schröder Conversation with the Egyptian President Husni Mubarak on the occasion of the opening of the Tutankhamun exhibition in the Bundeskunsthalle
April 13, 2005 Gerhard Schröder Opening of an exhibition by Udo Lindenberg in the Palais Schaumburg
June 16, 2005 Gerhard Schröder Reception of the Mongolian Prime Minister Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch with military honors on the occasion of the opening of an exhibition in the Federal Art Hall
July 11, 2006 Angela Merkel Discussion and press conference with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on the occasion of the opening of the UN campus
May 28, 2008 Angela Merkel Conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper on the sidelines of the UN nature conservation conference in Bonn
May 2, 2010 Angela Merkel Conversation with the Mexican President Felipe Calderón in the run-up to an international conference of environment ministers on Petersberg
June 29, 2013 Angela Merkel Visit on the occasion of an open day at the Bonn office and meeting with Federal President Joachim Gauck

park

The initially five, now about eight hectare, listed park of the Palais Schaumburg originally included the green spaces and paths itself, a rose garden, a number of greenhouses and a large orchard, of which, however, nothing can be seen today. It was redesigned in 1950/51 according to a design by the Kassel garden architect Hermann Mattern in coordination with Federal Chancellor Adenauer and the formerly associated outbuildings and facilities were demolished. In 1954 the park was linked to the park of the Villa Selve , built in 1872/73 and demolished in 1955, as the palace was expanded to include houses 2 and 3 ; the two original parts of the park differ, among other things, in terms of the property boundaries to the Rhine promenade. Mattern had rare conifers planted, pines and cedars . The open landscape park is characterized by broad lines of sight to the Rhine and its old trees. The large lawns around the Chancellor's bungalow offer space for sculptures by Bernhard Heiliger , Gerhard Marcks and Hans Uhlmann . On the basis of a park maintenance work commissioned in 2009, which among other things intends to strengthen the visual links, the routing was revised in a first construction phase in 2010.

The park extends over an area that slopes down to the banks of the Rhine (Wilhelm-Spiritus-Ufer) and includes or borders the following buildings: Palais Schaumburg including houses 2 and 3 (western area), Chancellor's bungalow (middle area), Chancellor's tea house ( northeastern edge), Federal Chancellery building (southern edge), "Römerhof" as a farm building of the park, erected in 1976 (southeastern edge), former state representative office of North Rhine-Westphalia (adjacent to the south), Villa Hammerschmidt with park (adjacent to the north). In addition, there is a helicopter landing pad below the Chancellor's bungalow, which is marked with ground lights . A garden gate creates a connection to the park of the Villa Hammerschmidt, which belongs to the official residence of the Federal President . Former buildings located in the park are the Villa Selve (middle area), the garden hall of Villa Selve (eastern area), several farm buildings and a riding arena of Palais Schaumburg (southern area) as well as a planning pavilion for the new building of the Federal Chancellery (northern edge). From 1960 to 1978 there was a bocce court in the park at Adenauer's request .

Since 1963 a tree has been planted in the park of the Palais Schaumburg for every former Federal Chancellor to commemorate his term of office :

Chancellor Political party Term of office tree Remarks
Konrad Adenauer CDU 1949–1953
1953–1957
1957–1961
1961–1962
1962–1963 		Bluebell tree Replaced in 1992 after a storm
Ludwig Erhard CDU 1963-1965
1965-1966 		Redwoodtree
Kurt Georg Kiesinger CDU 1966-1969 Norway maple planted in 1978
Willy Brandt SPD 1969–1972
1972–1974 		ginkgo planted in 1979
Helmut Schmidt SPD 1974-1976
1976-1980
1980-1982 		Weeping willow
Helmut Kohl CDU 1982-1983
1983-1987
1987-1991
1991-1994
1994-1998 		Blood-leaved European beech planted in 1987
Gerhard Schröder SPD 1998-2002
2002-2005 		Oak planted in 2006

Events in the park

Federal Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1966–69) hosted a summer “Chancellor Festival” for the first time on June 24, 1969 in the park of Palais Schaumburg, thus establishing a tradition that was also maintained by his successors with individual interruptions. Under Willy Brandt (1969–74) high-ranking politicians, diplomats and celebrities as well as ordinary citizens were invited to the festivities, which at that time had around 1200 guests. Under Helmut Schmidt (1974-82) they took place - now each oriented towards a specific topic - in an enlarged setting with up to 3000 guests and sometimes at other locations in Bonn, where artists and other cultural workers also presented themselves and sponsors exhibited. For ostensibly financial reasons, Helmut Kohl (1982–98) initially did not organize any summer chancellor festivals until he resumed this tradition in 1987 in the park of the Palais Schaumburg and it became even more of an advertising event for the sponsoring companies.

On July 5, 1967, due to the summer heat, a cabinet meeting of the Kiesinger Federal Government took place in the park under a plane tree planted by Wilhelm Loeschigk in the second half of the 19th century with the furniture moved from the cabinet room.

  • Interior view of the Chancellor's office

  • Meeting corner

  • Konrad Adenauer's desk

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Volker Busse, Hans Hofmann: Federal Chancellery and Federal Government: Tasks - Organization - Working Method , Hüthig Jehle Rehm, 2010, ISBN 978-3811477346 , p. 33.
  2. ^ Certificate of inheritance from the Bonn District Court dated May 8, 1917; Entry of Viktorias as owner in the land register of January 22, 1920. Cf. Grundakte Bonn 11535, Grundbuch Bonn vol. 150 sheet no. 5976.
  3. ↑ Horst-Pierre Bothien: Bonn sur-le-Rhin Occupation 1918-1926 (= City Museum Bonn : Forum History ., No. 14). morisel Verlag, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-943915-34-1 , pp. 28, 33, 115.
  4. ^ Purchase contract of December 29, 1919; Entry of Adolf as owner in the land register of March 9, 1920. Cf. Grundakte Bonn 11535, ibid.
  5. ↑ Certificate of inheritance from the Bückeburg District Court dated January 27, 1937
  6. ^ Purchase contract of February 24, 1939; see. Basic file Bonn 11535, ibid. On legal aspects of the sale by Wolrad zu Schaumburg-Lippe cf. Alexander vom Hofe: Four Princes zu Schaumburg-Lippe and the parallel system of injustices, Madrid 2006, ISBN 84-609-8523-7 , pp. 294-315 ( online)
  7. ↑ Olga Sonntag: Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914 , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 , Volume 2, Catalog (1), p. 227
  8. ↑ Helmut Vogt: New sources on the British occupation of the Bonn area 1945–1949. In: Bonner Geschichtsblätter. Yearbook of the Bonn home and history association . Volume 39 / year 1989, Bonn 1992, ISSN  0068-0052 , pp. 429-449, here p. 438.
  9. ^ Olga Sonntag: Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914 , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 , Volume 2, Catalog (1), p. 217
  10. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . P. 27.
  11. ^ City of Bonn, City Archives (ed.); Helmut Vogt : "The Minister lives in a company car on platform 4": The beginnings of the federal government in Bonn 1949/50 , Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-922832-21-0 , p. 165.
  12. ↑ Burkhard Körner: The Chancellor's Bungalow by Sep Ruf in Bonn. In: Bonner Geschichtsblätter. Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Volume 49/50, Bonn 1999/2000 (2001), ISSN  0068-0052 , pp. 507–613, here p. 512.
  13. ↑ Entry on the old Chancellery (plot of the former Villa Selve , former seat of the Federal Chancellor) in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on July 17, 2017.
  14. ↑ Entry on the former seat of the Federal Chancellor in Bonn in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on July 17, 2017.
  15. ^ Thomas Knoll: The Bonn Federal Chancellery: Organization and Functions from 1949–1999 , Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 978-3-322-99199-7 , p. 165.
  16. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Bonn Federal Chancellery 1969–1976 (= Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties : Contributions to the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties , Volume 172; Series Parliament and Public , Volume 6), Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978- 3-7700-5331-5 , p. 324.
  17. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . P. 60.
  18. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . Pp. 60 ff., 69.
  19. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . P. 74.
  20. ↑ Stefan Schieren: The Chancellor of a New Generation . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, p. 156–171 (here: p. 156).
  21. ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: Palais Schaumburg is opened to all citizens , General-Anzeiger , February 27, 2001
  22. ^ Second office under one roof , General-Anzeiger , May 18, 2001
  23. ↑ a b For Hartz IV back to Bonn. Schröder's exam at Palais Schaumburg , Hamburger Abendblatt , September 4, 2004
  24. ↑ Schröder invites experienced reformers to Bonn , Sueddeutsche Zeitung , September 2004
  25. ^ Federal government is renovating Palais Schaumburg for 6.5 million euros , General-Anzeiger , March 1, 2013
  26. ↑ Adenauer thought it was terrible , General-Anzeiger , March 10, 2015
  27. ^ Report: The renovation of Palais Schaumburg is delayed. Süddeutsche Zeitung , August 18, 2018, accessed on August 21, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Palais Schaumburg , bonn region
  29. ↑ Asbestos in Palais Schaumburg in Bonn , General-Anzeiger , January 14, 2019
  30. ^ Palais Schaumburg , Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning
  31. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), number A 984
  32. ↑ The Federal Government - Press and Information Office, press release 65/2013: Palais Schaumburg is being renovated - guided tours are initially only possible until the end of July , accessed on April 23, 2014.
  33. ^ Palais Schaumburg , on the official website of the House of History Foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany (accessed on May 26, 2014).
  34. ↑ a b c Foundation House of History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . P. 76/77.
  35. ↑ Spectacular exhibition , n-tv.de , June 14, 2005
  36. ↑ a b c Foundation House of History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch: From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . P. 78/79.
  37. ^ UN location Bonn ( Memento from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Die Bundesregierung
  38. ↑ Calendar May 2010 , Die Bundeskanzlerin
  39. ↑ Federal President Gauck and Chancellor Merkel come to the open day at their Bonn offices on June 29 , press release by the City of Bonn, June 28, 2013
  40. ^ The Federal Chancellor in the picture , Die Bundesregierung
  41. ↑ The information is taken from the legally binding list of monuments of the city of Bonn. It is managed by the Lower Monument Authority , from which the entries for the individual monuments can be obtained for a fee. (Architectural monument area of ​​the former Federal Chancellery , text for entry in the list of monuments on May 7, 2007)
  42. ^ A b Angela L. Kauls: Palais Schaumburg Park . In: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning : Building and Space. Yearbook 2010/11 , self-published by BBR, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-87994-786-7 , pp. 106–111.
  43. ↑ Environmental Statement 2017 of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (PDF)
  44. ^ Federal President's Office (ed.): Villa Hammerschmidt. The official seat in Bonn ( Memento from May 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) . Berlin 2013, p. 6.
  45. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Bonn Federal Chancellery 1969–1976 (= Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties : Contributions to the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties , Volume 172; Series Parliament and Public , Volume 6), Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978- 3-7700-5331-5 , pp. 70-75.
  46. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch:  From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . Pp. 28/29, 64.
  47. ↑ Daniela Münkel : The Chancellor of Approach . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (Ed.): The Federal Chancellor and their Offices , Bonn 2006, ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , pp. 84–99 (here: pp. 95–96).
  48. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch:  From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . Pp. 46, 48-50, 62-63, 73.
  49. ↑ Philipp Gassert : The Chancellor of the Grand Coalition . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellor and their offices , Bonn 2006, ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , pp. 60–75 (here: pp. 60, 63).
  50. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.); Judith Koppetsch:  From the villa to the seat of the chancellor . Pp. 44-45.

Web links

Commons : Palais Schaumburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 43 '14.7 "  N , 7 ° 7' 1.4"  E