Federal Chancellery (Bonn)

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Chancellery building (2007)
Former Federal Chancellery, view from the Marriott Hotel

The Federal Chancellery building in Bonn was the seat of the Federal Chancellery of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1976 to 1999 and has housed the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development since 2005 . It is located in the district of Gronau at Adenauerallee 139 ( Bundesstrasse 9 ) in the center of the federal district and is a stop on the Path of Democracy History Trail .

In 1999 the headquarters of the Federal Chancellery was relocated to Berlin , first to the State Council building , then to the new building on the Spreebogen ; The second seat of the Federal Chancellery has been the Palais Schaumburg, which belongs to the property, since 2001 . The site of the former Federal Chancellery, which still includes some other buildings, stands as a monument under monument protection .

location

The area of ​​the former Federal Chancellery (Adenauerallee 139–141 / Dahlmannstrasse 4) with the main access via Dahlmannstrasse extends from Adenauerallee / Bundeskanzlerplatz (Bundesstrasse 9) in the southwest to the banks of the Rhine in the northeast. The property of Villa Hammerschmidt (official seat of the Federal President) borders to the north-west, to the south the press and information office of the federal government, separated by a closable public passage, and to the east the former state representation of North Rhine-Westphalia . The former parliament building is about 200 m to the east.

history

Chancellor Helmut Schmidt's desk , 1976
Adenauer sculpture by Hubertus von Pilgrim

First own building for the Federal Chancellery in Bonn with initially 120 employees served from November 1949 after a provisional start staying in Museum Koenig , the Palais Schaumburg . 1954/55 were built as houses 2 and 3 structurally connected extensions ("Old Chancellery"), which were occupied in August 1955. The Federal Government's Press and Information Office, which was initially part of the Federal Chancellery , was given a new building nearby in 1956 . In 1963/64 the Chancellor's bungalow was built in the park of the Palais as a residential and reception building for the Federal Chancellor. Due to the growing need for space, individual departments of the Federal Chancellery with 134 of a total of around 260 employees had to be outsourced (as of 1969), including department IV in Adenauerallee 120 and departments III and V in rented office buildings in Baunscheidtstrasse 2 and 15.

In 1969 the range of tasks of the office was expanded by the social-liberal coalition under Willy Brandt and his head of the chancellery Horst Ehmke to include various aspects of education, social and technology policy. In order to be able to meet the growing demands, for which the enlarged grounds of the palace had become too small, the Federal Cabinet decided on December 4, 1969, in implementation of a proposal by the inter-ministerial project group for government and administrative reform , to build a new Chancellery building. As the site put Chancellery chief Ehmke in the same month the so-called Gorres meadow at the new aufzulassenden Görresstraße immediately south of the former chancellor's office right next to the Press and Information Office finds that de facto from the overall planning of urban working group established in January 1970 federal buildings Bonn was excluded. The planning of the new building was carried out according to organizational cybernetic standards with the participation of the Quickborner team , managed by Wolfgang and Eberhard Schnelle ; A representative state building with national symbols should be dispensed with in favor of an architectural efficiency solution. First, after a decision in February 1970 in the park near House 3, a planning pavilion was built as a prefabricated house by April 1971 for 1.5 million DM, which later also served as a construction office. The planning group Stieldorf was commissioned with the planning of the actual new building, which emerged as the winner of a nationwide architectural competition on November 2, 1970 - the first since the Federal Republic was founded - on May 12, 1971. Planning had to pause between October 1972 and January 1973 due to a budget freeze, the prerequisites for a start of construction finally existed since the adoption of the federal budget 1973 in June 1973. A separate competition was held in 1974 for the artistic design of the buildings and the outdoor area. Construction work began on November 27, 1973 with the groundbreaking ceremony, the topping-out ceremony was celebrated on October 15, 1974 and the move into the new building after the key handover on July 1, 1976 took place between July 2 and 4, 1976; the first cabinet meeting at the new location followed on July 7, 1976. The Palais Schaumburg was still used, but mainly for representative purposes, and the “Old Chancellery” was taken over by the Foreign Office . The new building was designed to grow and was therefore partially empty at the beginning.

Henry Moore sculpture

The forecourt was designed in its original form by the landscape architect Hans Luz and the sculptor Hans Dieter Bohnet . The first landlord, Helmut Schmidt , had it redesigned in 1979, creating a large green area and erecting the Large Two Forms sculpture by Henry Moore (now a listed building ). In May 1982 a head sculpture by Konrad Adenauer , which became a symbol of the Bonn Republic , was erected on the Bundeskanzlerplatz outside of it. The longest landlord in the Chancellery building was Helmut Kohl from 1982 to 1998 .

In the course of the relocation of the seat of government , the Federal Chancellery moved its headquarters to Berlin under Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder in the late summer of 1999 ; the last cabinet meeting was held here on July 28th. In the Federal Chancellery building in Bonn, a second office was initially left, which was relocated to the Palais Schaumburg in May 2001. At the same time, the building with houses 2 and 3 ( Adenauerallee Süd property ) was handed over to the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). In order for the ministry to move into the property, an extensive, listed general renovation was carried out between 2001 and 2005 at a cost of 57 million euros, one of the largest spray asbestos renovation measures in Germany being successfully implemented. In December 2005, the BMZ moved from the “Bonn-Karree” south of the Museum Mile to the former Chancellery. The refurbishment of House 3 for the BMZ did not take place until 2007. In 2016, the operation and ownership of the property was transferred to the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks .

In 2016, on the initiative of Development Aid Minister Gerd Müller, the Chancellor's room was reconstructed with the earlier furniture and furnishings from Helmut Schmidt; it has been accessible since January 2017, as is the reception room ("Heckel room") and the cabinet room as part of guided tours through the House of History .

property

The former seat of the Federal Office comprises, on a total of 109,000 m² in addition to the designed as a functional Administration Building construction of 1973-76 (House 1) with the associated square (courtyard) and the underground below the serving after its completion the representation and the reception Palais Schaumburg , the Chancellor's bungalow as a living and reception building as well as the Chancellor's guest house, the Chancellor's tea house and the park that originally belonged to the palace , in which there is also the helicopter landing pad belonging to the office and a farm building ("Römerhof"). The main gate (guard and porter's house), which was built together with the new building from 1973–76, is located on Dahlmannstrasse; facing Adenauerallee from the same construction period, a former BGS building (house 4) connected to it via the basement . The property also includes houses 2 and 3 (today BMZ), which were no longer used by the Federal Chancellery after 1976, as extensions to the Palais Schaumburg. The building behind the new building is driven through the underground car park, the entrance of which is directly connected to the main gate.

architecture

Building description

The Federal Chancellery building (House 1) consists of a three-storey complex with two basement floors, which is divided into two parts: the so-called "department building" (also called "administrative building") and the "chancellor and cabinet building". The department building is based on a floor plan, which creates almost 100 m² of column-free space inside, and is entered through the main entrance on the Rhine side (in the east). The much smaller chancellor and cabinet building with a separate entrance is offset to the north of the department building. The ground floor façades are largely set back and fully glazed to allow the greatest possible view of the old park landscape behind (at the time of planning, there were still considerations about making the site accessible to the public). In front of the department building on Adenauerallee and connected via the basement is an elongated block with the former rooms for the security staff of the Federal Border Police (House 4). In the first basement of the main building there are five 120 m² shelter complexes for a total of 500 people, each of which is divided into two independent shelter rooms and equipped with chairs and beds and some with emergency exits.

The free steel skeleton construction (with only six concrete cores as fixed points) allows the adaptation to all organizational requirements through changeable walls. The low height development (below the tree tops of the park and the ridge of the Palais Schaumburgs) with a new building volume of over 200,000 m³ cubature , 30,000 m² of usable space and 13,000 m² of facade justified the jury's decision for price and design. With a tap-proof international conference room ("NATO Hall") on the ground floor of the department building, which has three-row seating for 83 people, a NATO requirement for government buildings was met. Compared to Palais Schaumburg, there was also a press and information room for press conferences of the federal government on the ground floor and an almost 400 m² situation center connected to the cabinet rooms - to be activated in the event of a crisis - on the first floor of the Chancellor and Cabinet building.

Building typological classification

On an international scale, the task of completely rebuilding a government center is rare, as this is mostly located in converted and expanded traditional buildings from earlier forms of rule. This tradition at the Bonn seat of the Federal Chancellery was first followed by the Palais Schaumburg with its extensions from 1954/55, which in national historical comparison has a counterpart in the Palais Schulenburg in Berlin's Wilhelmstrasse as the seat of the Reich Chancellery from 1878. The extension for the Reich Chancellery from 1928–30 can in turn be regarded as a forerunner for the new building of the Bonn Chancellery from 1973–76, as here for the first time all official functions were outsourced to a separate component due to the increased tasks of the authority and the appearance as sober and objective Administration building also met with criticism at the time. A new design principle for a German government headquarters was the clear, geometric floor plan.

While the Bonn seat of the Federal Chancellery in its final state was a three-part government center made up of a new building from 1973-76, Palais Schaumburg and Chancellor's bungalow embedded in a historic park, the Berlin Federal Chancellery, which dominates urban planning and is conceived as a state symbol and a television-friendly backdrop, takes on the functions and administration, representation / reception and living in one. The new building planning for the Berlin Federal Chancellery was based on the Bonn spatial program, which was found to be functional, including the separation between the management area and the area of ​​general administration. However, the actual spatial situation in Berlin differs considerably due to the different urban planning requirements and is occasionally described as impractical. Due to changed framework conditions, more rooms for visitor groups, press representatives, interpreter booths and meeting rooms for cabinet members were created there.

architectural art

The works on the exterior that were put up as a result of the 1974 art competition include a large light field / forest of light by Günter Ferdinand Ris as an installation made of white PVC tubes (light sticks) in the paved passage through the Chancellor and Cabinet building to the park, as well as six round sculptures by Erich Hauser Made of steel as floor reliefs in front of the ground floor of the department building, which are reminiscent of blooming pond roses. Inside were two works by Adolf Luther installed, including as a kinetic object rotating pillars made of plexiglass with glass lenses in the foyer of the department building (now dismantled and stored) and a light blanket of 948 concave mirrors with Plexiglas hoods at the International Conference Hall (NATO-Hall). As part of the redesign of the forecourt In 1979 the sculpture was on the newly created lawn Large Two Forms by Henry Moore set up. The interior was furnished with art on the initiative of Helmut Schmidt with the participation of an art consultant group, which was consulted from November 1975, based on a concept by Leopold Reidemeister , primarily with loans of Expressionist works, individual rooms also named after their authors, such as Erich Heckel (reception room) and Emil Nolde (chancellor's office) were. This art concept was basically retained under Helmut Kohl.

reception

The architectural quality of the building was controversial. Critics, including the most prominent architectural theorist Heinrich Klotz , criticized his indecisive and cautious position in urban planning for state architecture. There was relatively little of the time of completion architectural criticism discussed and by overlaying its reception later the art equipment, which is also reflected in architecture photographic manifested respect in the marginalization of the actual architecture. Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt is assigned the quote that the building has the "charm of a Rhenish savings bank". However, the “urban planning restraint” demanded in the competition tender of the Federal Building Directorate, certain puristic aesthetic qualities and also the internal structure found to be functional (fully flexible floor plans) are positively emphasized.

“The Bonn Chancellery only apparently became a symbolic nullum. In truth, it was precisely the deliberate rejection of all grand gestures that was highly symbolic. The 'aesthetic of a busy sobriety' (...) clearly signaled: This is where the first employee of the Federal Republic, the managing director of Deutschland GmbH, resides in an office building that wants to be nothing but an office building. "

- Heinrich Wefing (2006)

"The Federal Chancellery (...) was an acceptable building, but it was not integrated into the cityscape and did not convey any visual values ​​of an open democracy."

- Klaus von Beyme (2000)

“The Chancellery has always been criticized for its undecided urban connection and the exterior view that has been disparaged as 'savings bank architecture'. However, it not only has a functional internal structure, but also, with increasing historical distance, aesthetic qualities. "

- Andreas Denk (1997)

“This building, reviled by almost all critics and often referred to as a 'Sparkasse', is certainly not the quintessence of what building in a democracy - a much-discussed topic in Bonn - means. Nevertheless, it is one of the few good architectures in the government district. "

- Ingeborg flag (1984)

“However, since the architects made sure that the severity of expression is not lightened by a differentiated variety of details, that every support and every parapet à la Mies van der Rohe is kept smooth with the greatest simplicity so that it can slip, the visitor feels as if the entire steel space cage had to incubate a persistent melancholy in the blackest seriousness, as if a funeral were passing by: - ​​a black triple catafalque. "

- Heinrich Klotz (1978)

“Today (...) the building, which rightly emerged as 1st prize in the competition, presents itself as what was required: as a classy, ​​neatly detailed, certainly also well-functioning administrative building in which soap products are also managed at the highest level could be like steelworks, or in which a top organization of international science could reside. "

- Paulhans Peters (1976)

“[E] s is one of the last examples of the so-called» international style «, tried with verve , which reduces architecture to material and proportion: it doesn't want to express anything itself, it just wants to be the housing that gives its users (political) expression allowed. (...) In fact, the building is almost flawless: balanced, well proportioned, very carefully shaped down to the last detail. (...) What distinguishes this design is its formal restraint towards the Palais Schaumburg (...), it is the unobtrusive integration into the park landscape, it is also its inner flexibility, originally stimulated by the requirement of teamwork in the office, which allows many floor plans . "

- Manfred Sack (1976)

Monument protection

The area of ​​the former Federal Chancellery as a whole has been under monument protection since May 7, 2007, while the Palais Schaumburg , the Chancellor's bungalow from 1963/64 and the large sculpture Large Two Forms were already under protection as associated individual monuments . The scope of the monument also includes the extensions to the Palais Schaumburg from 1954 (houses II and III; "Old Chancellery"), the Chancellor's tea house from 1957 and the approximately 80,000 m² park with a wall facing the Rhine promenade and the sculptures and sculptures placed therein as integral parts of the overall monument. In addition to the Large Two Forms, which are protected as a single object, the latter include the figure tree (1958) by Bernhard Heiliger , the sculpture Maternitas (1958) by Fritz Koenig , the three steles by Paul Dierkes and the six reliefs by Erich Hauser .

literature

Web links

Commons : Federal Chancellery  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 3, number A 3972
  2. ^ A b Volker Busse: Organization and structure of the Federal Chancellery - historical overview . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (Hrsg.): The Federal Chancellor and their offices . Bonn 2006, ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , pp. 208-215.
  3. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 37.
  4. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 38.
  5. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 27, 42, 43-46.
  6. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 83, 100/101.
  7. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 51-56.
  8. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 130-131, 206.
  9. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 70-75.
  10. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 110.
  11. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 107.
  12. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 117.
  13. ↑ a b Merle Ziegler: Rule cybernetically. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 161.
  14. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 324.
  15. ↑ Entry on the former seat of the Federal Chancellor in Bonn in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association (with a brief description of the LVR Office for Monument Preservation in the Rhineland , 2008)
  16. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 167/168.
  17. ↑ a b Merle Ziegler: Rule cybernetically. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 297/298.
  18. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 169-171.
  19. ↑ July 28, 1999 , Federal Agency for Civic Education
  20. ↑ Torsten Krauel: The last act in Bonn , Die Welt , July 28, 1999
  21. ↑ At the beginning of the 1970s, it was common practice - and recommended by BAM - to encase steel girder structures with sprayed asbestos as fire protection. This had also proven itself in the construction of the New York World Trade Center
  22. ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: The Chancellor's chair is not shaken , General-Anzeiger , December 7, 2001
  23. ↑ a b Christa Baum: Former Chancellery in Bonn - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development . In: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning: Building and Space. Yearbook 2006 , Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-88506-574-6 , pp. 60-67.
  24. ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: Minister: A signal for the UN city of Bonn , General-Anzeiger , December 7, 2005
  25. ↑ a b c d Environmental Statement 2017 of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (PDF)
  26. ^ Günter Bannas : Holes in the Chancellor's Chair , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 23, 2016
  27. ↑ Bonn Chancellery starts historical review with Helmut Schmidt's former office , press release of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 23 September 2016
  28. ↑ Guided tour of the old Chancellery , General-Anzeiger , January 9, 2017
  29. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 161.
  30. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 171.
  31. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 238/239.
  32. ↑ a b The information is taken from the legally binding list of monuments of the city of Bonn. It is managed by the Lower Monument Authority , from which the entries for the individual monuments can be obtained for a fee.
  33. ^ Jörg Diester: Secret files of the Chancellor's Bungalow. Bunkers under government buildings in Bonn and Berlin . Verlaganstalt Handwerk, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-86950-427-8 , pp. 134-137, 182-189.
  34. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 179.
  35. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 172, 174, 241-243.
  36. ^ Heinrich Wefing: The homelessness of power - On the architecture of the German chancellery . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, pp. 192–205 (here: p. 192).
  37. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 32, 326.
  38. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 216.
  39. ^ Heinrich Wefing: The homelessness of power - On the architecture of the German chancellery . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (Ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, pp. 192–205 (here: pp. 201–203).
  40. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 11, 83, 162.
  41. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 212.
  42. ^ Heinrich Wefing: The homelessness of power - On the architecture of the German chancellery . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, pp. 192–205 (here: p. 201).
  43. ↑ Stefan Schieren: The Chancellor of a New Generation . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, p. 156–171 (here: p. 158).
  44. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 361-363.
  45. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development : Short documentation of 200 works of art on building commissioned by the federal government since 1950 , BMVBS online publication No. 25/2012, December 2012, pp. 196–198. ( online PDF )
  46. ^ Günter Ferdinand Ris: Lichtwald , Museum of 1000 Places ( Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning )
  47. ↑ Erich Hauser: 13/75 (six floor reliefs) , Museum of 1000 Places (Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning)
  48. ↑ Gabriele Zabel-Zottmann: Sculptures and objects in the public space of the federal capital Bonn. Compiled from 1970 to 1991. Dissertation, Bonn 2012. Part 2, p. 34/35. ( online ; PDF; 5.8 MB)
  49. ↑ Ute Chibidziura: Inventory of art in building at the federal government . In: Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Art value, asset value, monument value. What is the value of art in architecture? - 11th workshop talk (PDF), September 2012, pp. 2–10 (here: p. 7).
  50. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): 60x Art in Building from 60 Years , September 2010, p. 83.
  51. ↑ Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (Ed.): Short documentation of 300 federal art-in-building works from 1950 to 2013 , BBSR online publication No. 03/2018, February 2018, p. 351– 353.
  52. ↑ Gabriele Zabel-Zottmann: Sculptures and objects in the public space of the federal capital Bonn. Compiled from 1970 to 1991. p. 54.
  53. ↑ Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development (ed.); Claudia Büttner: History of Art in Architecture in Germany . Berlin 2011, pp. 83–87. ( online PDF
  54. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 301-308, 316, 322.
  55. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 14, 24.
  56. ^ A b Heinrich Wefing: The homelessness of power - On the architecture of the German chancellery . In: Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.): The Federal Chancellors and their Offices , ISBN 978-3-937086-14-9 , Bonn 2006, pp. 192–205 (here: p. 199).
  57. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . Pp. 264, 269-279.
  58. ↑ Merle Ziegler: Rule Cybernetic. Architecture of the Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1969–1976 . P. 124/125.
  59. ↑ Klaus von Beyme: Make State. State architecture of the 20th century in Germany . In: Romana Schneider, Winfried Nerdinger , Wilfried Wang (eds.): Architecture in the 20th century. Germany , Munich 2000, ISBN 978-3-7913-2293-3 , pp. 95-103.
  60. ^ Andreas Denk, Ingeborg Flagge: Architekturführer Bonn .
  61. ^ Ingeborg Flagge: Building in Bonn since 1945 - an overview . In: Dies .: Architecture in Bonn after 1945 . Verlag Ludwig Röhrscheid, Bonn 1984, ISBN 3-7928-0479-4 , pp. 13-19 (here: p. 18).
  62. ^ Heinrich Klotz: Iconology of a Capital - Bonn State Architecture . In: Ders .: Designing a new environment. Critical essays on contemporary architecture . CJ Bucher, Lucerne and Frankfurt / M. 1978, ISBN 978-3-7658-0280-5 , pp. 45-55; Martin Warnke (Hrsg.): Political architecture in Europe from the Middle Ages to today: Representation and community . DuMont, Cologne 1984, ISBN 978-3-7701-1532-7 , pp. 399-416.
  63. ↑ Paulhans Peters: Architecture without design . In: Baumeister , No. 1/1976, p. 20 f.
  64. ↑ Manfred Sack: The »ballast« and Schmidt's work house , Zeitmagazin , No. 22/23, May 28, 1976

Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 9.6 ″  N , 7 ° 7 ′ 9 ″  E