Federal quarter
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Federal quarter
City of Bonn
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 56 ″ N , 7 ° 7 ′ 35 ″ E
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| Height : | 52 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.81 km² |
| Residents : | 3972 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 826 inhabitants / km² |
| Area code : | 0228 |
  Location of the federal quarter development measure in Bonn
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The federal quarter - until 1993 parliament and government quarter - is a district of Bonn and includes the districts of Gronau and Hochkreuz on the Rhine . In a narrower sense, it is understood to mean only the area around the former locations of the constitutional bodies in Gronau, which is referred to as the international quarter , and further areas on the opposite bank of the Rhine that have been added more recently.
When Bonn was designated the provisional capital of the war-torn western part of Germany in 1949 , the area offered itself as the seat of the federal government and the Bundestag . As a result, the largely undeveloped area became the location of numerous authorities, associations and embassies. Like the federal capital Bonn, the government district only lost its provisional character towards the end of the 1980s, when the division of Germany ended again shortly afterwards.
Until the relocation of the seat of parliament and government to Berlin in 1999/2000, it was the center of political power in the Federal Republic of Germany. The structural change in the district, which began at this time, has led to a rapid exchange between the local authorities, organizations and companies and a change in appearance. The resulting “federal quarter” has become the hub of several internationally active organizations and large corporations , but is still determined by the remaining federal institutions . The outlying area, which was once on the city limits of Bad Godesberg , now forms a “new center” of the city alongside the Bonn center as a focus of work.
geography
The federal district stretches on both sides of the Rhine and borders the 160 hectare Rheinauenpark with its artificially created Auensee , the northern part of which is called Schiffchensee . The vegetation had after Rheinauen transformation of the 1970s about thirty years to grow to reach the natural end state. After the small Postsee lake was created during the construction of the Post Tower in 2002 and new areas were exposed through the dismantling of temporary buildings in 2008, the park in Gronau found its northern completion.
In the middle of the Rheinaue, the motorway runs over the southern Rhine bridges in Bonn , which acts as a central urban development connecting axis between the areas on the left and right of the Rhine, the Rheinaue and the federal district. Along this axis, two more parking areas have been created in an interrupted extension of the Rheinaue with the Hain der Nations to the south and the federal quarter green corridor north of the autobahn, which serve as a buffer between the autobahn and the development. Between Palais Schaumburg and Villa Hammerschmidt there is also a 10-hectare, non-public landscape park that dates back to 1888 and was merged in 1951. A park area in the south of the federal quarter covers three hectares, which emerged from the viewing garden of a garden research institute founded in 1917 and closed in 1986. In the mid-1990s, it was converted into Friesdorfer Park .
Except for the artificially created hilly landscape of the Rheinaue, there are no elevations in the area. On the Wilhelm-Spiritus-Ufer on the left bank of the river, the terrain behind the edge of the terrace slopes steeply towards the Rhine promenade. The Rhine describes a north-westerly bend in the federal quarter. In addition to the stagnant waters of the Rheinaue, the area of the federal district on the left bank of the Rhine also has two artificial and cased brooks that flow into the Rhine: the Annaberger Bach , which rises in the Kottenforst, and the Venusbergbach , which has its source below the university clinics. The Annaberger Bach ended in the municipal sewer system in Friesdorf until 2000 and has since then run in the federal district both openly in the section built in 1994 to the Park Hain der Nations on the northern edge of Hochkreuz and then piped to the Rhine through the former drainage canal of the southern bridge from the year 1974. It offers space for rare birds.
The geographical center of Bonn is located on Bundeskanzlerplatz between the former Bonn Center and the Federal Chancellery building. The federal quarter is in the north of the Bad Godesberg district, in the east of the Bonn district and in the west of the Beuel district . This means that three of Bonn's four boroughs have a share in the federal quarter.
expansion
The federal quarter consists of the statistical districts Gronau-federal quarter and Hochkreuz-federal quarter , which also form the federal quarter , which is designated for statistical purposes. The areas differ only slightly in area from the size of the districts of Gronau and Hochkreuz; As a statistical district, Gronau is slightly smaller in the northern area, while Hochkreuz is a bit smaller as a district.
The former government district extends along the axis Adenauerallee, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee and Godesberger Allee (B 9) between the city districts of Bonn and Bad Godesberg . In the east it is bordered by the Rhine, in the west by the railway line on the left bank of the Rhine , in the north by the streets Zwei Fährgasse / Adenauerallee / Reuterstraße and in the south by Hochkreuz- and Kennedyallee as well as the southern border of the Rheinaue leisure park (excluding the American settlement ). The length of this area is a good 4 km with an average depth (excluding Rheinaue) of around 1 km. With 481 hectares, the former parliament and government district comprises 3.4% of the total area of the Federal City of Bonn. The area of the former parliamentary pre-zone or the narrower federal quarter in Gronau, today often referred to as the international quarter and formerly the federal district, is grouped around the Federal Palace , the former Federal Chancellery and the Langen Eugen .
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In the demarcation on the right bank of the Rhine, since the conversion of the former cement factory on Bonner Bogen into a science and office center and the new construction of the T-Mobile headquarters (both in the 1990s), the parts of Ramersdorf near the Rhine , the north-western outskirts of Oberkassel, have also been added as well as the outer south-east of Limperich (Beuel-Süd) counted to the federal quarter. This area, which, contrary to earlier plans, does not contain any federal facilities corresponding to the designation federal quarter with one exception , is located directly to the west and east of the Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke and its foreland area. In terms of functionality, it can now be compared with the part of the federal quarter on the left bank of the Rhine and is therefore included, provided that the federal quarter is not only understood as a location for political institutions.
Development measure
By means of an ordinance of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia of December 17, 1974, on January 25, 1975, a total of 672 hectares in the area around the government district were transferred to a development measure under the Urban Development Act . This building law measure allows the city or a development agency commissioned by it as a trustee to pursue a coordinated, targeted settlement policy from “one source” through the interim acquisition of land and to implement the urban planning objectives in the foreseeable future. At the beginning of 1978, the state development company NRW (LEG) was signed as the development agency. The area of the development measure, which was around 3.5 km long, was 43% built up at the time it was dedicated . In 1979, 1986 and 1991 sections with a total area of 239 hectares were released from the development measure.
After the Bonn-Berlin resolution of the German Bundestag on June 20, 1991, the development area was expanded by amending the statutory ordinance on September 25, 1993 to include the areas of the Ramersdorf and Oberkassel districts on the right bank of the Rhine around the previously closed cement factory with an area of around 15 hectares expanded. At the same time, the development measure was renamed the Bonn-Bundesviertel development measure , in line with the new objectives .
All planning in this area was coordinated by a joint committee from the federal government, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the city of Bonn, which met for a total of 30 meetings for the first time on September 25, 1975 and for the last time on December 19, 1990; after this point in time a circulation procedure was used. By the end of the measure on June 10, 2004, 429 million euros had been invested, of which 267 million euros were for land management and 110 million euros for development measures ; the rest was accounted for by urban planning and the services of the development agency. The federal government contributed two thirds of the total expenditure, with the state assuming 85 percent of the rest. The projects that have already been planned will continue to be billed via the development measure, which also includes the sale of all remaining properties. Until 2008, the development measure continued to be managed in trust by the Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft, then by NRW.Urban until the end of 2010 . The city of Bonn became the legal successor for the unsold properties. Any surpluses arising after the settlement were to be used by the federal government to finance the World Conference Center (WCCB).
With the help of the financial instrument of the development measure - in the area of land management - the acquisition of land , the removal of contaminated sites and development-related relocation of use as well as - in the area of development measures in around 200 individual projects - the expansion of the road and sewer network as well as the urban railway line were promoted. The expenses incurred in this way were essentially refinanced through the sale of real estate that had increased in value, which was intended to offset the public start-up financing in the long term. In the case of the federal quarter, this was largely achieved, although the final settlement is still pending. After 2004, development measures at the former cement works (today "Bonner Bogen") or the redesign of the streets in the narrow government district around the WCCB (Heussallee, Karl-Carstens-Straße, Welckerstraße, United Nations Square ) were or will be carried out via this Planning tool promoted. The same applies to the complete expansion of the B 9 to “Bundesallee”, which was completed in March 2015.
In addition to the districts of Hochkreuz and Gronau, the development measure Bundesviertel also included parts of the districts on the left bank of the Rhine: Friesdorf , Dottendorf , Kessenich , Plittersdorf , Godesberg-Nord and Godesberg-Villenviertel . Partial areas were also under development in the areas of the Ramersdorf , Oberkassel and Limperich districts on the right bank of the Rhine .
history
Before the division of Germany
In the Iron Age and Neolithic Age , there were probably individual, disjointed farms in the area of the Gronau district . A civil Roman settlement there, the so-called vicus bonnensis , is dated to the 2nd to 3rd century AD . It was connected to the former Roman military camp castra Bonnensia and a Roman camp village to the south . The military camp and the settlement were probably established at the same time. The vicus, located on the Roman Rhine Valley Road from Cologne to Koblenz, is considered by archaeologists to be part of an urban settlement that was important at the time. Up to 10,000 people lived there.
When Bonn became the seat of parliament and government in 1949 , the later government district was largely undeveloped and agriculturally used area between the then independent cities of Bonn and Bad Godesberg , on the northern edge of which the seat of the Bundestag and Bundesrat is located in the former Pedagogical Academy and the Federal Chancellery in the palace Schaumburg and the later seat of the Federal President were located in the Villa Hammerschmidt . On September 1, 1948, the opening session of the Parliamentary Council , which was supposed to draft the Basic Law , took place in the König Museum at what was then Reichsstrasse 9 . It then met at the Pedagogical Academy, where the decisions of the council and later of the Bundestag for Bonn as the provisional seat of government were also made in 1949. South of this building was the main location for the city's sports facilities.
On the southern edge of the Gronau, the Bonn town hall was built from 1899 to 1901 , and from the 1920s onwards it housed indoor and water sports. The brick building was the terminus of a tram line opened in 1906 and was badly damaged in World War II. In 1915 a Johanniter hospital was built further west . The development of the area between this hospital and the seat of the Chancellery consisted of numerous free-standing , often representative villas and residential buildings from around and after the turn of the century. To the north, the foothills of the historic southern urban development followed, in the middle of which a university children's clinic was under construction. The objects created in the Wilhelminian era included the Villa Dahm , Villa Spiritus and Villa Prieger . The development was interrupted by the extensive park areas of the Hammerschmidt, Selve and Schaumburg villas .
The Gronau waterworks near the Pedagogical Academy from the late 19th century supplied Bonn with filtrate from the banks of the Rhine . The not yet dismantled railway line of the Bonn – Oberkassel trajectory, which was operated from 1870 to 1914/19, also ran through the Gronau floodplains . There was a railway station for goods traffic that was important for the city's industry.
Division of Germany (1949–1990)
Various federal ministries and authorities, such as party headquarters and press offices, erected office buildings in a relatively uncoordinated manner during the first seven years of Bonn as the seat of government, and moved into temporary and rented emergency accommodation. The Bundeshaus , the core of which was the former Pedagogical Academy from 1933, was rebuilt and expanded to accommodate the Bundestag and Bundesrat. Most of the state representations already settled in the government district during these years, either in representative villas or, like Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia, in specially built new buildings.
In the mid-1950s, the first federal ministries, the Ministry of Post and the Foreign Office , moved into simple buildings on the Rhine. The latter was the largest administrative complex in Germany at the time of completion. The Federal Government's press office and extensions for the Office of the Federal President were also built , both in the immediate vicinity of the seats of the constitutional bodies belonging to them . The most prominent embassy was the British representation established in 1952 . However, the vast majority of diplomatic missions did not settle in the government district, but in Plittersdorf , Rüngsdorf and Godesberg-Villenviertel . In addition to the office buildings, there were also housing estates - mainly for federal employees: the Berlin-Ring-Viertel in Hochkreuz (1960–1964) and the Johanniterviertel in the south of Gronau.
The political requirement to be prepared for a prompt move to Berlin led to a construction freeze in 1956. The few projects that were realized in the decade after the construction freeze, such as the Allianz buildings on the Tulpenfeld (from 1964), were therefore rental properties or, like the Dutch Embassy (1964) and the DIHT (1964), had a different client. The capital's press , including the Federal Press Conference , set up in the tulip field during this time. With the construction of the new high-rise for parliamentarians , the "Langen Eugen", which still serves as Bonn's landmark, the federal government's construction freeze came to an end in 1966.
A part of the area of the sports facilities located there was built over (closed and demolished in 1989) and after the demolition of the neighboring town hall in 1962, the Bonn sports center was relocated to the new Sportpark Nord in the north of Bonn. The federal buildings realized in the period afterwards included the Kreuzbauten as the seat of federal ministries in Hochkreuz in 1975, the new building of the Federal Chancellery in 1976 and the press club in 1977 near the Parliament . The CDU was the first party to move into a new headquarters in 1972 with the Konrad-Adenauer-Haus on the B 9, and in 1975 the SPD followed with the Erich-Ollenhauer-Haus . The country NRW erected opposite the CDU from 1970 to 1974 the country's authorities house with a police station , in order to cover the extended security needs of capital. In 1977 the new building of the Landeszentralbank Bonn was completed on the same street .
For the first time, large-scale projects have also been implemented for non-public purposes. The Bonn-Center business center was built on Bundeskanzlerplatz in 1969 , at that time the second-tallest skyscraper in Bonn, but was demolished in 2017 in order to build a new building. The Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft built the Bonn Science Center in 1972 on Kennedyallee on the southern edge of the government district . The largest real estate project in terms of office space at the time was the Bredero buildings on the B 9 in Hochkreuz, inaugurated in 1975 .
- New buildings 1953–1975
Tulip field (under construction)
Even after the construction freeze was lifted, the development of the government district followed less a coordinated urban development plan than the short-term needs of the federal government. The Stieldorf planning group had so far played a major role in its projects . In 1969, Bad Godesberg lost its independence with the local reorganization of the region and became a district of Bonn, with which, and with it, the government district expanded by the Godesberg district of Hochkreuz was subject to urban planning for the first time . The usage structure of the area, which was now in the geographical center of the enlarged city of Bonn, was still determined by extensive commercial use, including the Federal Printing Office , several gravel pits , bank branches and car dealerships. There was a depot of the Stadtwerke Bonn in Hochkreuz . In order to increase the quality of life and urbanity of the area as well as to create a fully-fledged and representative government district, this condition should be changed for both the city of Bonn and the federal government. For the first time in 1970, a joint “Federal Buildings Working Group” was founded, with the participation of the federal government, the state and the city as well as the public.
In 1971, an architectural competition with the aim of “integrating federal buildings into the city of Bonn” was announced, which was won in 1972 by Legge / Suwelak. The premises and results of the competition - a monumental and concentrated government district on both sides of the Rhine, connected by a development across the river - were rejected by the city and citizens. In January 1973, Willy Brandt committed himself to expanding Bonn as the federal capital in his government declaration . Last but not least, this change in capital city politics reflected a certain recognition of the division of Germany and the new Ostpolitik of the social-liberal government. In the same year, the federal government began planning its own concept for the final accommodation of its authorities and offices in federally owned buildings and a new building competition for the Bundestag and Bundesrat. In 1975 the urban development measure was finally initiated, under whose roof the development in the parliamentary and government district of the following decades was to take place.
Regardless of the development measure, the redesign of the Rheinaue took place, which extends on both sides of the Rhine to the south and north of Bonn's south bridge. In order to protect this as the last natural area in the new center of Bonn from possible large-scale development, the city applied for the site for the Federal Horticultural Show in 1979. The 160 hectare area, on the northern edge of which was at that time the majority of the government district, was awarded 60 million DM - partly funded by the development measure - redesigned into a landscape park. Since then, the park, which has been used as a local recreation area, has contrasted with the surrounding office buildings, which it encloses.
After the start of the development measure in 1975, the intention to bundle all federal institutions distributed across the city in the government district was rejected. The new plans for the parliamentary district around the Bundeshaus were led by the winners of the new 1973 competition, Behnisch & Partner and Wolff / Schneble. Your location concept for the new buildings of the Bundestag and Bundesrat, south of the Lange Eugen or at the Bundeshaus near the Rhine, was groundbreaking for the later planning. The designs for a “green center” as a park landscape and undeveloped front zone between the Federal Palace and the Chancellery also came from this period. It was intended to replace the Görreswiese that was lost during the construction of the Chancellery . The plans that Joachim Schürmann had in the meantime to let Hochkreuz and Gronau grow together with seven new ministry buildings in the style of the Kreuzbauten were abandoned by the new planners.
Instead, the focus of the planning and architectural competitions was the development of the new Godesberg-Nord ministerial site , the final accommodation of the Bundestag and Bundesrat, and the intended establishment of a “spiritual and cultural center” by the federal government and the city. In 1982, the spatial planning for the new buildings was finalized, followed step by step with the implementation phase and construction work in the entire government district picked up speed. In the mid and late 1980s, the Ministry of Post and Transport and the headquarters of the Gustav Stresemann Institute in Godesberg-Nord were completed. The Maritim Hotel , which was started there in 1989, was the first establishment in the government district that was suitable for hosting large international conferences. Further south, residential development as well as an embassy and diplomatic quarter were planned, from which the Syrian embassy could be implemented by 1990 . The entire area on the edge of the Rheinaue was redeveloped and had become a new office city and - including large public areas - finally an extension of the government district to the south.
At the end of the 1980s, work began on building the cultural buildings Bundeskunsthalle , Kunstmuseum Bonn and Haus der Geschichte, which are located in direct succession on Bundesstrasse 9 . The existing land use there had to be demolished like a federal customs office or, like the substation in the government district, compressed. The dilapidated but listed plenary hall of the Bundestag was to be renovated in 1981 after the planning of new buildings was stopped in order to preserve it as a public symbol of the Federal Republic. In 1987, however, after a long debate and many competition designs, the Bundestag decided to build a new building in the same location. The increasingly dilapidated state of the old plenary chamber was the decisive factor. The spatial planning for the Bundestag buildings had been almost halved compared to earlier plans. The foundation stone of Günter Behnisch's plenary hall was laid in 1988, and in 1989 that of the Schürmann building intended for members of the Bundestag . Some of the plans, which also included buildings by parties, associations and the media, were not to be implemented until the 1990s.
On the occasion of the 2000th anniversary of the city of Bonn, the left bank of the Rhine promenade between the old customs and the Bundeshaus was redesigned according to plans by the Munich landscape architect Gottfried Hansjakob . The reduction of the commercial use of the government quarter planned as part of the development measure was advanced through the construction of the federal cultural buildings and the preparations for the "Bonn-Karree" (built from 1993 to 1995) on Friedrich-Ebert-Allee (B 9). The project to create the Green Center in the parliamentary pre-zone, which had planned to remove several buildings such as that of the Federal Government's Press and Information Office for the purpose of creating green spaces, led to the construction of the replacement sites, but was no longer realized. When at the end of the 1980s most of the projects were under construction or before the planning was completed and Bonn was to "transform itself into the capital within two years", the Monday demonstrations began in the GDR in September 1989 .
After reunification
After the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification , the German Bundestag decided on June 20, 1991 to move the seat of parliament and government to Berlin (→ capital city resolution ). These events resulted in a rapid planning stop for many construction projects. But construction activity peaked in 1991 with 80,000 square meters of completed office space and twelve projects under construction. The plenary hall, the Schürmann building, the Bundestag's driving service, the FDP party headquarters and the cultural buildings were to be completed. This also applied to an extension of the police headquarters completed in 1991. The construction projects for state representations , embassies, associations and the media, however, were reduced or discontinued with a few exceptions. When the future division of tasks between Bonn and Berlin was tied down and it was laid down in the Berlin / Bonn Act in 1994 , the federal government's construction and renovation work got underway again. The unsuccessful efforts of the North Rhine-Westphalian state curator Udo Mainzer to put the entire government district under monument protection and thus to hinder its structural further development caused great uncertainty . The question of the protection of the historical buildings, which are often only intended as a temporary measure, therefore arose with every construction project from now on.
The law and the agreement on compensatory measures for the Bonn region also set the framework for the future development of the government quarter , which has been officially called the federal quarter since 1993 and has been expanded to include areas of the Ramersdorf and Oberkassel districts on the right bank of the Rhine. A cornerstone of this change was the settlement of the companies Deutsche Telekom , Deutsche Post and Deutsche Postbank (so-called postal successor companies ), which were to be founded through the privatization of the Deutsche Bundespost , and their concentration in Bonn. Another cornerstone that was supposed to compensate for the losses caused by the government move was the establishment of scientific and international organizations, including the United Nations . This promised to limit the consequences of the departure of numerous interest groups and lobby organizations, whose focus, however, lay outside the government district. The third cornerstone was to keep Bonn as a ministry and authority location, which also included the compensatory relocation of federal authorities from Berlin and Frankfurt am Main to Bonn.
As a result of these resolutions, the federal quarter changed for the first time no longer in accordance with the federal capital plans, but with the new plans geared towards the federal government, telecommunications companies and international organizations. In 1995 and 1997, the corporate headquarters of Deutsche Telekom and Deutsche Postbank were built on the B 9, in 2002 in Gronau as the Post Tower and the new, 160 m tallest building in Bonn, the Deutsche Post. The T-Mobile headquarters in Ramersdorf was gradually implemented by 1995 and 2003. Since then, the former postal companies have concentrated their locations, which were previously spread across the Bonn city area, in the federal district.
Investments by private companies also increased: from the end of the 1990s on Heinemannstrasse in Hochkreuz, several new office buildings were built under private management, including the “Rheinauen Carré” as the largest rental property until 2002. The caesar research center , located not far from the Rheinaue, was completed in 2003. In the mid-1990s, the city opened up the site of the previously demolished cement factory in Ramersdorf, whose expansion into an extensive business and office location with the current name Bonner Bogen began in 2002. Between 1999 and 2003, office buildings were built for a total of two billion euros.
For the Bundestag buildings (Bundeshaus, Langer Eugen, Schürmann-Bau), a completely new use had to be found as the only relocation property. In the summer of 1999, an international congress center ( WCCB since 2007 ) moved into the plenary hall, for which a congress use was already being considered in the early 1990s , which was to be expanded in the long term to accommodate large UN conferences. During the preparations for an expansion of the congress center, the Villa Dahm (former parliamentary society) was demolished in 2006, along with other structures near the plenary hall . The Lange Eugen was intended as a UN campus for the Bonn headquarters of the United Nations since 2001 . The growing number and size of the UN organizations that were based in the Plittersdorfer Haus Carstanjen were for the most part relocated to the renovated, former House of Representatives in 2006. From 2009 to 2013, parts of the Federal Palace were rebuilt to include them in the UN campus. The Schürmann building, which was still under construction when the decision to move was made and intended for members of the Bundestag, was established in 1997 as the headquarters of Deutsche Welle , which moved there in 2003 after the building was completed.
The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices on Robert-Schuman-Platz in Hochkreuz , which was completed in 2002, is one of the new federal construction projects implemented after Parliament and most of the federal government moved . Since the 1990s, almost all state-owned buildings in the federal district have also been renovated, converted or expanded. Between 1997 and 2008, the federal government invested one billion euros in this, largely not due to the move. Politically and financially, the federal government made efforts to turn the tulip field previously used by the Bundestag into a north-south center and location for development aid. The German Society for International Cooperation has its headquarters there. The museums Bundeskunsthalle and Haus der Geschichte, which are still operated by the federal and state governments, have been marketed under the name Museumsmeile along with other museums on Bundesstrasse 9 since the mid-1990s .
This structural change, financially and politically supported by the federal government, meant that after the government moved in the summer of 1999, the vacancy rates remained low and did not “go out” as feared. The party headquarters and buildings of the relocated associations either found new owners or were demolished. The departure of the capital's press and studios was partially offset by the new Phoenix broadcaster . As a result, those organizations and interest groups that were government agencies could either be retained or replaced by international non-governmental organizations .
All of the properties were demolished on the site on which the CDU party headquarters , the British embassy , the headquarters of the German Red Cross and Bonnfinanz were typical buildings of the “federal capital era”. From 2006 to 2008, the Port Bonn office was built there , which houses the headquarters of the T-Home telecommunications fixed-line network . The new building of the police headquarters on the "Dahlienfeld" in Ramersdorf was occupied in 2006. One of the last vacant lots on the B 9 was closed by the artquadrat , which was completed in 2009 and connecting the office and museum mile, and in 2019 the GIZ campus.
After the government moved in 1999, many of the buildings that were formerly used as regional offices or embassies not only changed hands, but were also structurally changed and expanded. The Bonn entrepreneur Marc Asbeck acquired a large part of these buildings, especially in the narrower area of the federal quarter between the Post Tower and the plenary hall, and had them renovated or converted. He also built the Parc Offices I – III and the Tower Parc Offices I – IV there , which, in addition to the converted former Lower Saxony State Representation, also include some new buildings that are rented to Deutsche Post AG . The investor invested 200 million euros in the renovation and new construction measures by mid-2009. In 2011/12, with the construction of the brandtelf office building , including the former Baden-Württemberg branch, the last state representative office was given a new use.
The largest future project at the moment is the construction of the World Conference Center Bonn (WCCB) in and around the former plenary hall of the Bundestag. Last but not least, it should enable international conferences to be held by the organizations in the neighboring UN campus. Construction of the congress center including a hotel building began in 2006. In 2009, in connection with the WCCB building, a complete redesign of the streets in the parliamentary district around the new United Nations Square took place . This new space between the headquarters of the international congress center and UN organizations is being built on the site where the former parliament and government district had its original center. The expansion of the congress center was stopped in September 2009 due to a financial scandal that has continued to this day. The opening of the WCCB, which is often seen as the completion of structural change and a condition for the further expansion of Bonn as a UN city, is currently (as of October 2014) planned for spring 2015.
After the large new office buildings of the previous decade, an extended residential use of the federal quarter is coming to the fore again. Both on the vacated areas in Hochkreuz and in the Johanniterviertel, rental and owner-occupied apartments have been realized and are in the planning stage.
traffic
After the area in Hochkreuz and Gronau had established itself as a government district, the transport infrastructure also had to be adapted to the new circumstances. In line with its previous function as the outskirts of Bonn and Bad Godesberg, the area was not sufficiently developed. The Federal Highway 9 between Bonn and Bad Godesberg, originally an in electoral resulting time and after the takeover by Prussia (1815) 1822-1833 paved and straightened lime avenue , appeared as unsightly arterial road . The former avenue had gradually disappeared during the construction of tram tracks and road expansion by the 1950s at the latest. A branch from the B 9 led at what would later become Bundeskanzlerplatz over the Reuter Bridge, built between 1935 and 1937, to Poppelsdorf . At the end of the 1960s, the current federal quarter began to be connected to the areas on the right bank of the Rhine with a motorway ( A 562 ) that ran over the Südbrücke , which was opened in 1972 . After that, in the 1970s, a connection road to the B 9 was built on the disused line of the Bonn – Oberkassel railroad that had not been used regularly since 1919 .
With the support of the Federal Government, the tram route Bonn – Mehlem was laid underground in today's area from the Museum Mile to the main train station. In 1975 this current “trunk line tunnel” of the Bonn light rail with its three underground stops Heussallee , Museum Koenig and Foreign Office was opened within the federal district and runs there all the way below the B 9. At that time, a complete relocation of the route into the tunnel was planned. The Stadtbahn was connected to the Siebengebirgsbahn in 1980 with the newly built line over the south bridge; the Rheinaue stop was built by 1979 and the Robert-Schuman-Platz underground stops (when Heinemannstraße opened ) and Ramersdorf were built by 1981 .
The focus of the efforts was the expansion of the most important development axis of the government quarter, the federal road 9, to a representative "government avenue" (later "federal avenue"). This was to be achieved by converting and closing intersections , relocating and accelerating the light rail system, rehabilitating roads, creating cycle paths and planting trees. The project, which was mainly driven by the development measure, was based on a decision of principle by the city council in 1989 and has been delayed several times. The reason was years of re-planning and re-planning in connection with the low-lying location of the light rail and the planned road tunnels to connect to the district in the north and south. These problems were solved with the construction of the Bad Godesberg road tunnel and the abandonment of a new south-north relief road and the complete underground location of the light rail. The plans for the “Bundesallee” have been completed, and it was completed in March 2015.
From 1991 to 1994, the entrance level of the underground stop Heussallee was widened and integrated into the House of History as an exhibition entrance , largely from funds from the development measure , thus creating a cross-link between the Museum Mile and the Parliament District that was upgraded in terms of urban planning. The construction of the A562 / B9 intersection (known as the United Nations Square until 2008 ) as the “gateway” to the federal district, which began in 1998, was completed in 2003. At the same time, the twenty-year-long, step-by-step construction of a road parallel to the railway with a connection to the southern bridge ramp was completed.
The development of the federal district via public transport, especially the tram, has been improved by relocating and building all above-ground stops, converting intersections and extending the tram tunnel . It started in 1994 with the Hochkreuz stop , followed by today's Olof-Palme-Allee stop in 2003, the Max-Löbner-Straße / Friesdorf stop in 2009 and the last Ollenhauerstraße stop in 2011 . In June 2013, the so-called “Trajektknoten”, a roundabout at the intersection of the B 9 with Franz-Josef-Strauss-Straße and Marie-Kahle-Allee, was completed. It was named Helmut-Schmidt-Platz in 2016 .
The growing focus of workplaces in the federal district is creating a tense parking situation. The parking spaces are concentrated in private underground car parks owned by companies and authorities. In 2004 a public parking garage was built behind the Bundeskunsthalle. To relieve the pressure, the city introduced parking fees in the inner federal district in July 2010.
In order to further improve the transport infrastructure, the new Bonn UN Campus stop of Deutsche Bahn on the left Rhine route was opened in November 2017 after a construction period of one and a half years . The stop between Genscherallee and Rheinweg , which is used daily according to a forecast of around 4,000 passengers, should make a change to the light rail at the main station unnecessary.
meaning
The Federal Quarter is a focal point of work in Bonn and houses, among other things, the corporate headquarters of the so-called Post Successors and their subsidiaries, several United Nations institutions and the World Conference Center Bonn . Tank & Rast , Volksbank Bonn Rhein-Sieg and Deutsche Welle are based in the federal district. In the place of federal associations and embassies, numerous new non-governmental organizations of all kinds have emerged without, however, completely displacing the organizations active at the federal level. Recently added organizations include the German Foundation for Monument Protection and the National Anti-Doping Agency Germany . Charitable associations and foundations such as Aktion Mensch and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation are also a focus .
Even after the move of parliament and parts of the government to Berlin, the federal government is the largest employer in the federal quarter, because with the exception of the former area of the federal parliament, all the properties affected by the relocation have been occupied by the federal government, including by federal authorities and ministries that have moved there . The Federal President, Federal Chancellor and Federal Council have their second office at the same location in Gronau, while the Federal Audit Office has its headquarters in the north of Gronau. The Federal Office for Information Security, which emerged from the Federal Intelligence Service , is located on the outskirts of Hochkreuz. The importance of the federal quarter as the main workplace within Bonn is expected to increase further, as the UN organizations based in Bonn have moved to the "Langen Eugen" and the Bundeshaus and further commercial office buildings are planned.
After the implementation of these projects, a total of around 45,000 jobs are expected in the area on the left bank of the Rhine and 4,500 in the area of the Bonner Bogen on the right bank of the Rhine . [obsolete] Between 1978 and 1987 the area of the development measure still had around 21,000 jobs. Because of its function as a growing focus of workplaces, the federal quarter is referred to as the “engine of the region”. With the Rhein-Sieg district , the district of Ahrweiler and the northern district of Neuwied , the closer catchment area comprises around one million inhabitants.
After the early construction of the federal settlements Johanniterviertel in Gronau and Berliner-Ring-Viertel in Hochkreuz, the government district had long been ousted as a residential location at the express political request of the government institutions. Numerous residential buildings were demolished and some villas converted into offices. The resident population in the federal district on the left bank of the Rhine decreased from 1970 with 4,400 inhabitants to June 2003 with 3,400 inhabitants. After the capital city resolution, the planning priorities changed. Due to the renewed development of housing since the mid-2000s, the number of inhabitants has increased again to around 3,800.
The public facilities of the federal quarter concentrate on the former capital facilities. The museums grouped together in the Museum Mile , such as the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany , the House of History and the Museum Koenig, have nationwide appeal, and to a lesser extent the Pantheon Theater . With the children's clinic of the University of Bonn in the north of Gronau, the Johanniter hospital and an eye clinic in Hochkreuz, there are three larger health facilities. The Friedrich-Ebert-Gymnasium Bonn is the only regular school in the area on Ollenhauerstraße . Club life is clearly underrepresented in the federal quarter. A renowned rowing club set up its boathouse on the banks of the Rhine as early as 1930, which is adjacent to the property of the Federal Palace. Due to the small number of inhabitants in the district, there is only one church each in Hochkreuz and Gronau , but since 1959 Bonn's only synagogue has been in Tempelstrasse .
In addition to being used as a location for political institutions and companies, the federal quarter is also becoming important for Bonn through the Rheinaue leisure park, which is enclosed by the buildings of the former government quarter . This is almost as big as Bonn city center and takes up a large part of the federal district. The bank of the Rhine in the federal district with its cycle and footpaths is also an important recreational area for the city of Bonn away from the Rheinaue. The Rhine shipping has a landing stage at the level of the Federal Palace and is to be supplemented in the future by a shuttle service to the Bonner Bogen . In contrast to the hotel industry , the hospitality industry and cultural life were clearly underrepresented for a long time and were limited to non-public events by parliament and government. After the government moved, there are signs of a realignment and expansion of the hospitality industry. Open-air concerts by German and international artists have been taking place on the Museum Mile since 1997 .
Especially since the government moved in 1999, the federal quarter has been of historical importance as the place where post-war German democracy was built. On May 21, 2004 the “ Path of Democracy ” was opened, which uses signs to draw attention to the historical places in the federal quarter. The path leading mainly through the former parliament and government district in Gronau has significantly improved the development of the area for tourists interested in history. Almost all streets, which are mostly named after German or foreign politicians and have changed their name several times since the seat of government began in Bonn, also point to the historical significance of the federal quarter. The naming of streets and squares was repeatedly the subject of local political disputes, especially in this Bonn area. According to the monument curator Angelika Schyma , the former government district, in its partially unpredictable state from the 1999 relocation, is the only unplanned provisional facility of its kind in the world.
Art in public space
The federal quarter is equipped with an abundance of works of art in public spaces . This abundance was favored by the construction activities of the federal government within the framework of the art in building obligation. After the completion of the largest federal construction projects and the government move, new works, sponsored by private patrons, can be seen. A large number of sculptures are located in the area of the Federal Palace and the Museum Mile . Henry Moore's " Large Two Forms " stands in front of the former Federal Chancellery , today's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Works by Markus Lüpertz - the “Mercurius” - and Tina Schwichtenberg - “Women De Formation” - can be seen in the area of the Post Tower . In the Rheinaue leisure park there is a further series of works of art or artistically designed garden areas, including ten movable steel steles known as the spoon forest. Among the traffic structures, the Olof-Palme-Allee tram stop with its light sculptures is of particular artistic value.
In addition to the objects, which are mainly used as art, the prominent location during the time as a government district also produced some monuments such as the Konrad Adenauer sculpture on Bundeskanzlerplatz . The Bismarck Tower in the Rheinaue was built at the turn of the century in 1900. At Bundesstraße 9 there is a replica of the Hochkreuz , a crossroads that dates back to the 14th century and gives the district of Hochkreuz its name. Central memorials for the dead of the two world wars or the displaced were the subject of public planning and debates until the 1980s, but were realized in Berlin after the capital city resolution of the Bundestag. Since 2002, the Bonn planetary nature trail has also been running in the federal district along the banks of the Rhine and ends with the sun below the UN campus and the Federal Palace.
Hans Dieter Bohnet : "Integration" (1976) - metal sculpture on the banks of the Rhine (in front of the Tall Eugen )
Henry Moore : Large Two Forms (1979) - former Federal Chancellery
Hermann Goepfert / Johannes Peter Hölzinger : Spoonwald (1979) - Rheinaue leisure park
Hermann Glöckner : "Breakthrough" (1980/1992) - metal sculpture in front of the Bundeshaus (Bonn)
Mark di Suvero : L'Allumé (1990) - Sculpture in front of the Federal Palace
Gustav Peichl : 16 steel columns (1992) - Federal Art Hall
Katharina Grosse : In Seven Days Time (2011) - Art Museum
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literature
- The Lord Mayor of Bonn (Ed.); Friedrich Busmann : From the parliament and government district to the federal district. A Bonn development measure 1974-2004 . Bonn, June 2004.
- The Bonn Federal Quarter - from the government center to the UN campus. Federal City of Bonn, Bonn 2003.
- Andreas Wirsching: Farewell to the temporary solution. History of the Federal Republic of Germany 1982–1990 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich 2006, pp. 492–498. ISBN 3-421-06737-6
- Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1997, pp. 82-100. ISBN 3-496-01150-5
- Otto flag: Federal capital Bonn. Federal buildings and planning. In: Ingeborg Flagge: Architecture in Bonn after 1945: Buildings in the federal capital and its surroundings . Verlag Ludwig Röhrscheid, Bonn 1984. ISBN 3-7928-0479-4
- Ursel and Jürgen Zänker: Building in Bonn room 49–69. Attempt to take stock . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Hrsg.): Art and antiquity on the Rhine . Guide to the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . No. 21 . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969.
- Karl-Heinz van Kaldenkerken , City Director Bonn (Ed.); Friedrich Busmann : Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986.
- Matthias Hannemann & Dietmar Preißler: Bonn - Places of Democracy. The historical travel guide . Edited by the House of History Foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal Agency for Civic Education, Chr. Links Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 3-86153-519-X
- Thomas Lakenberg: The Bonn federal quarter. Building history as a reflection of society. In: Mathias Schmoeckel, Norbert Schloßmacher (ed. On behalf of the German Juristentage ): Places of law in Bonn. Bonn 2004, pp. 120–127.
Web links
- "Path of Democracy" - historical places in the federal quarter
- Development measure federal quarter
- Article in the Spiegel on the capital city planning (November 1977)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics current - Population in the Federal City of Bonn on December 31, 2018 (PDF), Federal City of Bonn - Statistics Office, January 2019; Refers to the statistical districts of Gronau-Bundesviertel and Hochkreuz-Bundesviertel .
- ↑ Karl Heinz van Kaldenkerken, Oberstadtdirektor Bonn (ed.): Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986, p. 70
- ↑ City map of the federal city of Bonn
- ↑ The Annaberger Bach and its tributaries , documentation by the Bonn City Building Authority from June 22, 2001
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The Lord Mayor of the City of Bonn (ed.); Friedrich Busmann: From the parliament and government district to the federal district. A Bonn development measure 1974-2004 .
- ↑ Karl Heinz van Kaldenkerken, Oberstadtdirektor Bonn (ed.): Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986, p. 32.
- ↑ a b New environment for WorldCCBonn and UN campus ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) , press release of the City of Bonn, April 29, 2009
- ↑ B 9 between Langenbachstrasse and Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse is being expanded , press release from the city of Bonn, August 13, 2014
- ↑ a b Expansion of Friedrich-Ebert-Allee completed two months earlier ( memento from March 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) , press release from the city of Bonn, March 13, 2015
- ↑ Karl Heinz van Kaldenkerken, Oberstadtdirektor Bonn (ed.): Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986, p. 35.
- ↑ Kerstin Kähling; City of Bonn, City Archives and City History Library (Ed.): Loosened up and structured: City and housing developments in the fifties and early sixties in the provisional federal capital Bonn (= Publications of the Bonn City Archives , vol. 63), Bonn 2004, ISBN 978-3 -922832-34-8 , ISSN 0524-0352 , p. 379/380. (also dissertation University of Cologne, 2001)
- ^ Otto flag: Federal capital Bonn. Federal buildings and planning. In: Ingeborg Flagge: Architecture in Bonn after 1945: Buildings in the federal capital and its surroundings . P. 26.
- ↑ The heart of Bonn sport beat behind the Langen Eugen , General-Anzeiger, May 6, 2013
- ↑ Franz Möller : The Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in the field of tension between federal and state , Rheinlandia Verlag, Siegburg 2006, ISBN 3-938535-20-2 , p. 8.
- ↑ Karl Heinz van Kaldenkerken, Oberstadtdirektor Bonn (ed.): Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986, p. 61.
- ↑ Karl Heinz van Kaldenkerken, Oberstadtdirektor Bonn (ed.): Expansion of the federal capital. 10 years capital city agreement 1975 - 1985 . Bonn 1986, p. 64
- ^ A topping-out ceremony for the federal city , General-Anzeiger , March 12, 1994, Bonner Stadtausgabe, p. 8.
- ↑ They ripped parliament , Der Spiegel , January 11, 1988
- ↑ Agreement on compensatory measures for the Bonn region (PDF)
- ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: Two billion euros invested in five years. In: General-Anzeiger . February 27, 2004, accessed January 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: The federal government is building in Bonn for over one billion euros. In: General-Anzeiger. November 3, 2004, accessed January 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: No vacancies. In: General-Anzeiger. August 6, 2003, accessed January 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Bernd Leyendecker: The chemistry between Telekom and Bonn is right. In: General-Anzeiger. May 27, 2006, accessed January 13, 2014 .
- ^ Bonn - New GIZ campus on the B9 , Ten Brinke Group
- ^ Website of the Marc Asbeck property in Bonn .
- ↑ Olga Sonntag : Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914 , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 , Volume 1, p. 21. (also dissertation University of Bonn, 1994)
- ^ Dietrich Höroldt: The historical development of the city of Bonn 1815-1945 . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Ed.): Building in Bonn area 49–69. Attempt to take stock . Series: Art and antiquity on the Rhine , guide of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . No. 21 . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969, p. 16–24 (here: p. 22) .
- ↑ For the first time 191 flags flutter in the wind , General-Anzeiger, August 3, 2005
- ↑ 24 million euros will be invested by 2009 , General-Anzeiger, March 18, 2006
- ^ Mighty roundabout planned on the B9 , General-Anzeiger, December 29, 2011
- ↑ Start road construction work at the junction , City of Bonn, September 18, 2012
- ↑ The roundabout on the B9 is taking shape , General-Anzeiger, January 12, 2013
- ↑ The traffic rolls over the traffic junction ( memento of September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) , press release of the city of Bonn, July 4, 2013
- ^ Entry in the Bonn street cadastre
- ↑ Parking in the federal district costs a fee , General-Anzeiger , July 28, 2010
- ↑ Statistical Office of the Federal City of Bonn: Eligible population , reference date December 31, 2011, accessed on July 6, 2012
- ↑ Central Council of Jews in Germany
- ^ Rolf Kleinfeld: Museum Square in Bonn: Tent roof is looking for buyers. General-Anzeiger, February 22, 2012, accessed August 20, 2013 .
- ↑ Bonn CDU provokes the Social Democrats with Johannes Rau. (PDF; 98 kB) In: www.cdu-bonn.de. General-Anzeiger, April 2006, accessed February 8, 2018 .
- ^ Anger in the stomach , General-Anzeiger , December 4, 2016
- ^ Hans Weingartz: Sculpture in Bonn. Works of art in public spaces from 1950 to today . Lempertz, Königswinter 2007, ISBN 978-3-939908-19-7 .