Solitaire (architecture)
A solitaire (from French solitaire 'lonely' ) is a free-standing building in architecture and urban planning , all of which are visible on the sides. He stands alone in the area or has a considerable distance from his neighbors. The term encompasses a wide range of different structures from the villa to the castle and the church to the skyscraper , which, due to its special location, combines the need for all-round design, but at the same time great freedom, for example with regard to its floor plan, its size and the material used . Only occasionally does the term soloist (from Latin solus , `` alone '' ) , which is less appropriate for buildings and, as a technical term, rather unusual .
Due to the land consumption , solitary buildings in the dense settlement of cities are only suitable for special, often public buildings.
Solitary buildings have existed since ancient times . These include a Pharaohs - palace as "towers, castles and country houses" and "since the Renaissance (...) the villa" or in modern times, a free-standing public town hall .
In different building eras, solitaires were integrated into the environment in different ways, for example by placing them on the symmetry axes of a large square, under side wings or smaller accompanying buildings or freely under green spaces . Le Corbusier, for example, “no longer anchored his buildings in the ground, but let them float over the ground, leaning on pillars, without reference to their urban context. He transformed the buildings into free-standing solitaires, which can be seen from all sides and are 'bathed in' by a 'flowing' green space. "
Examples of solitaires are:
- Villa La Rotonda near Vicenza , designed by Andrea Palladio
- Centennial Hall in Wroclaw
- New National Gallery in Berlin
- London City Hall
- Campanile
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Marcel Anderegg: Urban and Open Space Planning (UD2). (PDF) Summary, 3.1.5 The Solitaire. 2007, pp. 11/20 , accessed on October 9, 2019 .
- ^ Roman Hollenstein: high-rise and paradise garden. Neue Zürcher Zeitung , June 7, 2011, accessed on October 9, 2019 .
- ^ New building of the federal board administration of the German trade union federation. Competitionline , June 2017, accessed October 9, 2019 .
- ↑ New city skyline. Westfalen-Blatt , November 4, 2018, accessed on October 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Ursula Paravicini: Architecture and Planning Theory, W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2009, ISBN 3-17-020024-0 , p. 148 in the Google book search