Old Customs (Bonn)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Old customs seen from the banks of the Rhine (2017)
Old customs during the renovation in 2014
Old customs during the renovation in October 2015
Residential Palace from the Old Customs (1792)
New trees (December 2016)

The Old Customs in Bonn is a former bastion , also known as the Dreikönigen , of Bonn's city fortifications . It was built around 1644 and is located on the slope of the banks of the Rhine on the private property of the University of Bonn as the owner.

location

The Old Customs is located in the Bonn-Zentrum district on the Brassertufer below the courtyard garden and the east wing of the Electoral Palace , which is now the main university building. Nearby are the landing stages of the Köln-Düsseldorfer and Bonner Personen Schiffahrt , directly south of the city garden is the Hotel Königshof , furthermore the Collegium Albertinum and not far north the Bonn Opera . The exposed location above the banks of the Rhine offers a wonderful panoramic view of the Rhine and the Siebengebirge in the transition of the mountains from the Middle Rhine to the flat Cologne Bay . Numerous writers have taken up the Old Customs as a remarkable place in literary terms.

Building

The retaining walls on three sides allow the "half" bastion building (corner bastion) to rise up to a height of 15 m with a circumference of 150 m on an area of ​​around 1000 m 2 . The inclined by 80 ° southern face is tiled, trachyte and basalt columns -Zwischenlagen from Unkel fully dressed, one speaks of a Escarpe with surrounding Cordon (a vorkragendes Abschlussgesims as Bauzierteil) and parapet in Italian style '(design). It was the smallest of the Bonn bastions. Two cannons direct the view towards the Rhine and Siebengebirgs landscape . These two French salute cannons , cast in 1803 and 1841, were a gift from Kaiser Wilhelm I after the victory in 1871 to the University of Bonn , which then had them set up on the bastion - they never fired a sharp shot. “Inside, the structure is criss-crossed by a four-meter-wide and equally high vaulted walkway in a north-south direction, which was used by towers on the towpath in peacetime. The recent fixtures within this vaulted corridor served as an air raid shelter during World War II . "

The old customs stands as monument under monument protection .

history

The old customs building from the Renaissance period

The old customs formed the left bank of the Rhine in the south of the former main and state fortress of Kurköln . The first secure mention in the original plan of the fortress comes from 1644. As a palace terrace in the overall baroque concept of the 18th century, the Old Customs became a peaceful vantage point and a popular subject in travel literature as well as in romantic, emotional painting. On July 27, 1815, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe commented on the view of the Rhine "that one can hardly refrain from attempting to describe it with words".

Monuments and sculptures

Several works of art are displayed at the old customs.

The best known is the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt monument by Bernhard Afinger and inaugurated in 1865 . The Bonn writer Ernst Moritz Arndt , who spent 42 years of his life in Bonn, supported the national unity movement with various writings, including Der Rhein, Germany's river, but not Germany's border , in which he called for the German-speaking Rhineland to be replaced by France. An inscription on the base reads "The Rhine, Germany's river, but not Germany's border".

In 1921 a memorial created by Hubert Netzer for the mining captain Hermann Brassert , the creator of the general mining law for the Prussian states, was added. The figure depicted here is the grieving Klio , the muse of history. A bronze portrait medallion Brassert is attached to the base. The memorial is located across from the former Royal Prussian Mining Authority below the gardener's house, which was built with master horticulturist Dr. Peter Joseph Lenne d. J. is in communication. Its portrait bust, created in 1847 by the important sculptor Christian Daniel Rauch , has been standing in front of the old customs office near the banks of the Rhine since 1989.

In 1962/63 a memorial was created for the Hussar Regiment King Wilhelm I (1st Rhine) Nº 7 between the visible pilasters and the architrave . The bronze relief by Ernemann Sander is complemented by the historical motifs of a fur hat, iron cross and saber pocket . Further additions are swinging figures by Lajos Barta to commemorate the Hungarian uprising in 1956 , erected in 1971 and Ulrich Rückriem's Heinrich-Heine monument in the formal language of a tomb and temple portal from 1982.

In 2014, a 2.70 m high bronze sculpture by Ludwig van Beethoven by the sculptor Markus Lüpertz was installed in Bonn's city garden on a 1 m high plinth .

Events and operations

Logo for the urban ecology educational trail in Bonn
  • In the vicinity there are the Alter Zoll and Zum Rheinblick beer gardens .
  • Boule players can be found regularly south of the Old Customs .
  • In summer there are regular concerts of various musical styles on the adjacent square to the south, the so-called city ​​garden concerts at the Alter Zoll.
  • Occasionally there is a circus on the meadow to the southwest.
  • Due to its earlier greening of the wall, the Old Customs was included in the Bonn City Ecology educational trail.
  • Visits to the bastion structure, z. B. offered for the day of the open monument .
  • The BonnSkating skater run has its start and finish point here. In winter, an area for ice skating is sometimes set up.

Impressions

  • Quis ut Deus

  • The Lamb of God

  • Regina Pacis above the south entrance of the residential palace

  • Angel at the Koblenz Gate

  • Poppy field on the construction site

  • Detail of the Lüpertz loan Beethoven monument

  • Archangel Michael at Koblenz Gate

literature

  • Alexander Hess: Bonn's city fortifications and their effects on today's cityscape , In: Fortis Das Magazin 2015/16, published by Fortis Colonia, Cologne 2016, pp. 83–97.
  • Rut Wirtz: "Open Monument Day 1995". The old customs in Bonn. In: Archäologie im Rheinland 1995. Rheinland Verlag, Cologne / Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-7927-1594-5 , pp. 177–180.

The classic on the subject is

  • Gebhard Aders : Bonn as a fortress. A contribution to the topography of the city and the history of its sieges. L. Röhrscheid, Bonn 1973 (series: Publications of the Bonn City Archives, Vol. 12).

Current brochure:

  • The bombing of Bonn in 1689 | Bonn as a fortress city, book accompanying the exhibition of the Stadtmuseum Bonn ..., edited by Ingrid Bodsch u. edit by Sigrid Lange, Bonn 2014, ISBN 978-3-931878-44-3 .

Web links

Commons : Old Customs  Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander Hess: The Bonn city fortifications and their effects on today's cityscape , In: Fortis Das Magazin 2015/16, published by Fortis Colonia, pp. 83–97, here p. 94.
  2. ↑ Of the 27 seventy year old horse chestnuts, more than 21 were felled for the renovation. A new planting with Kaiserlinden has taken place.
  3. ↑ Horst-Pierre Bothien, Erhard Stang: Mysterious Bonn. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003, ISBN 3-8313-1342-3 , pp. 4-5.
  4. ↑ Information on the renovation of the masonry and restoration of the static load-bearing system at the "Old Customs" of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, flyer from BLB NRW, Bau- und Liegenschaftsbetrieb NRW, Cologne. Also the new DVD documentation Bonner Keller Tell Stadtgeschichte | From Roman times to the nuclear bunker. Verlag und Medien Service, 2017, ISBN 978-3-936253-90-0 in Edition Rheinland in the film by Georg Divossen.
  5. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 21, number A 174
  6. ↑ Josef Niesen : Bonn monuments and their builders , Lempertz, Bonn 2013, ISBN 978-3-943883-52-7 .
  7. ↑ Josef Niesen, Bonn monuments and their builders , Königswinter 2013, p. 90 ff.
  8. ↑ Ulrich Winkler: Lajos Barta (1899-1986) the complete plastic work between constructivism and organoid concretion. Photos Ralf Cohen u. a., Verlag71, Plön 1995, pp. 18, 20, 62 passim with design drawing Fig. 39, 195 (plate 7), 266 (K207)
  9. ^ Hans Weingartz: Sculpture in Bonn, works of art in public space 1950 to today. Lempertz, Bonn 2007, ISBN 978-3-939908-19-7 , pp. 38, 58; also: Josef Niesen : Bonn monuments and their builders , Königswinter 2013, p. 80 ff.
  10. ↑ Thomas Kliemann: This is the new Beethoven statue by Markus Lüpertz , online presence of the Bonner General-Anzeiger , 2014-03-30, accessed on 2019-01-04
  11. ↑ City garden concerts at the Alten Zoll , 2018-11-06, accessed on 2019-01-04.

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 5.1 ″  N , 7 ° 6 ′ 29 ″  E