1469

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1469
Moctezuma I , Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlán , dies.	Lorenzo de 'Medici becomes city lord of Florence .
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile get married.
1469 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	917/918 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1461/62
Aztec calendar	2. Feuerstein - Ome Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 1st tubes - Ce Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	2012/13 (southern Buddhism); 2011/12 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	69th (70th) cycle Year of the Earth- Ox 己丑 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Rat 戊子)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	831/832 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	847/848
Islamic calendar	873/874 (turn of the year 10/11 July)
Jewish calendar	5229/30 (September 6-7)
Coptic calendar	1185/86
Malayalam calendar	644/645
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1779/80 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1780/81 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1507
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1525/26 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

The Wars of the Roses in England

After helping Edward IV of York to the throne of England during the Wars of the Roses , Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , changes sides with George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence , the king's brother. The two defeat Edward in the Battle of Edgecote Moor on July 26th and take the king prisoner.

• July 27 : Richard Neville executes William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke , the new advisor to Edward IV, who fell into his hands at the Battle of Edgecote Moore.
• August 12 : Richard Neville executes other Edward supporters, including Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers , and his son John Woodville .
• October: Edward is freed by an army led by his younger brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester .

The Hanso-English War

• Spring: After the Danzig capers chartered by the Danish crown had seized English ships in the Oresund in the previous year, King Edward IV storms the Stalhof in London, arrests the Hanse merchants there temporarily and holds them with their assets for the damage.
• April: At a meeting in Lübeck , the Hanseatic League decides to wage war against England , forbids the import of English cloth and orders the use of privateers against English sea connections. Lübeck, Danzig, Hamburg and Bremen take the leading role on the part of the Hanseatic League , while Cologne , Wesel and Arnhem are neutral.
• In autumn the first Hanseatic privateers leave for England. Duke Charles the Bold initially allowed the Burgundian ports to be opened to these ships.

Northern and Western Europe

James III and Margarethe

• July 10th : Margaret of Denmark marries King James III at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh . of Scotland . Since her father Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden never pays the promised dowry, the Orkney and Shetland islands given as security finally become Scottish possession .

Holy Roman Empire

• February 1st : With the delivery of the feud letter of the Styrian Aristocratic Union to Emperor Friedrich III. the Baumkircher feud begins . Instead of waiting for the three days prescribed in a feud , the Styrian nobles under the former imperial military leader Andreas Baumkircher occupied numerous Styrian cities the next day in order to isolate the imperial possessions in western Hungary.
• Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary , moves into Bohemia and Moravia to fight his father-in-law Georg von Podiebrad and receives the blessing of the Pope, who accuses Georg of lacking recatholization of the country. In May he was elected (counter) king of Bohemia in Olomouc at the suggestion of the Grünberger Alliance .
• June 5th : Georg von Podiebrad appoints the Jagiellonian Vladislav II as his successor.
• July 21 : The battle of Fürstenfeld in the course of the Baumkircher feud brings heavy losses on both sides. A truce is concluded in October after further fighting.
• August 20 : Pope Paul II renews the ban on Georg von Podiebrad and threatens his followers with an interdict.
• December 2 : After the death of his father Piero di Cosimo de 'Medici , Lorenzo de' Medici and his brother Giuliano di Piero de 'Medici de facto become city lord of Florence without having de jure authority. The most important requirement for his government is the immense wealth of the Medici family secured by the Banco Medici .

Iberian Peninsula

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile , who later received the title of Catholic Kings , are married on October 19th . This laid the foundation for a later unification of the two kingdoms of Aragon and Castile to form Spain .

economy

• Privilege for the introduction of printing as a forerunner of the patent

religion

• The papal bull in supremae dignitatis specula established, among other things, the diocese of Vienna .

Born

Date of birth saved

• February 13 : Elijah Levita , Jewish poet, humanist and linguist († 1549 )
• March 20 : Cecily of York , English princess († 1507 )
• April 15 : Nanak Dev , Indian saint and founder of Sikhism († 1539 )
• April 29 : Wilhelm II , Landgrave of Hesse († 1509 )
• May 3 : Niccolò Machiavelli , Florentine philosopher, politician, diplomat, chronicler and poet († 1527 )

Manuel I.

• May 31 : Manuel I , King of Portugal († 1521 )
• June 20 : Gian Galeazzo Sforza , Duke of Milan († 1494 )

• July 26 : Ferdinand II , King of Naples († 1496 )
• August 4th : Margaret of Saxony , Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg († 1528 )
• October 18 : George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny , English nobleman, military man and politician († 1535 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Girolamo Accoramboni , Italian physician and philosopher († 1537 )
• Laura Cereta , Italian scholar, writer and women's rights activist († 1499 )
• Elisabeth von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Countess of Nassau-Saarbrücken († 1500 )
• Sigismondo Gonzaga , Bishop of Mantua († 1525 )
• Francesco Granacci , Italian painter († 1543 )
• Johann III. , King of Navarre († 1516 )

Born around 1469

• . verm October 28. 1466 / 67 /69: Erasmus of Rotterdam , European humanist, theologian, philosopher, philologist and author († 1536 )

• 1467/1469 : Korkud , Ottoman prince and governor as well as short-term administrator of the Ottoman Empire († 1513 )
• 1468/69 : Pedro Álvares Cabral , Portuguese navigator, one of the discoverers of Brazil († 1520 )

Vasco da Gama

• Vasco da Gama , Portuguese navigator († 1524 )
• Duarte Pacheco Pereira , Portuguese navigator, astronomer and geographer († 1533 )
• Aegidius de Viterbo , Italian cardinal, theologian and humanist († 1532 )

Died

→ Main article : Nekrolog 1469

First half of the year

• January 6th : Henry Bromflete, 1st Baron Vescy , English nobleman (* around 1412)
• 28 January : Konrad Kuene van der Hallen , German sculptor and cathedral builders in Cologne (* 1400 / 1410 )
• February 22nd : Maria of Savoy , Duchess of Milan (* 1411 )
• February 28 : Niklas III. Muffle , Nuremberg Private (* 1409 / 10 )

• before March 10: Hans Fründ , Swiss chronicler (* after 1400)
• March 19 : Rötger von Schade , Abbot of the Grafschaft Monastery
• March 23 : Jakob Fugger the Elder , Augsburg master weaver, councilor and merchant, ancestor of the Fugger von der Lilie dynasty (* 1398 )

• April 12th : Peter von Schaumberg , Bishop of Augsburg (* 1388 )
• May 11 : Sigmund Wann , Wunsiedler citizen and founder of the foundation (* around 1395 )

Second half of the year

• July 26 : Henry Dwnn , Welsh nobleman and military man
• July 27 : William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke , Welsh soldier and statesman (* 1423 )

• August 11 : Johannes de Indagine , Benedictine monk and abbot of the Bursfelde monastery
• August 12 : Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers , English nobleman (* around 1405 )
• August 12 : John Woodville , English nobleman (* around 1445 )
• August 15 : Johann von Mengede , Landmeister of the Teutonic Order (* around 1400 )

• September 29 : Humphrey Neville , English knight (* around 1439 )
• around October 8 : Filippo Lippi , Italian painter (* around 1406 )

• November 15 : Marguerite des Baux , Countess of Saint-Pol (* 1394 )

Tomb of the brothers Piero and Giovanni de 'Medici

• December 2 : Piero di Cosimo de 'Medici , city lord of Florence (* 1416 )
• December 4th : Thiébaut IX. de Neufchâtel , Marshal of Burgundy (* around 1417 )
• 30 or 31 December : George Nevill, 1st Baron Latymer , English peer and politician (* around 1407 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Louis d'Amboise , Lord of Amboise and Vice Count of Thouars (* 1392 )
• Niccolo di Conti , Venetian merchant and explorer (* around 1395 )
• Margarethe von Merwitz , abbess of the combined monasteries of Gernrode and Frose
• Moctezuma I. , ruler of the Aztec city-state Tenochtitlán (* 1390 )

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