Humphrey Neville

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Sir Humphrey Neville of Brancepeth (* around 1439; † September 29, 1469 ) was an English knight .

Life

Sir Humphrey Neville was a son of Thomas Neville and Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Beaumont, 5th Baron Beaumont . He comes from an older line of the House of Neville, which arises from the first marriage of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland to Margaret Stafford.

Humphrey Neville had been entrusted with a number of roles in his younger years, including Steward of Richmond , Parker of Caplebank, and Bailiff of Hexham .

He was a loyal follower of Henry VI. and of the House of Lancaster and fought during the Wars of the Roses at the Battle of Towton (1461), Hedgeley Moor (1464) and Hexham (1464).

After the defeat at Towton, Sir Humphrey fled into exile in Scotland with Margaret of Anjou and other loyal Lancastrians, such as Sir Edmund Hampden , Sir Robert Whittingham and Sir Henry Bellingham , and was given a Bill of Attainder so that he was in England lost all his rights and possessions.

From the summer of 1461 Sir Humphrey, together with Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros and some men, raided the Durham area , was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London . Some sources report that Sir Humphrey escaped from the Tower and escaped to northern England.

In any case, King Edward IV pardoned Sir Humphrey in 1463 and knighted him. This was done on the one hand because of his noble origins from the House of Neville, on the other hand probably also to get Sir Humphrey to give up his fight. Neville broke the terms of the pardon shortly thereafter, raised his arms again and joined the beleaguered Lancaster troops at Bamburgh Castle in either late 1463 or early 1464 .

On the part of Edward IV, orders were given to Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , who besieged the castle, to grant the Lancaster troops mercy and safe conduct when surrendering the castle, except for the commanders, Sir Ralph Gray and Humphrey Neville. Although the castle did not lay down its arms at first without a fight, some sources report that at one point Humphrey Neville stopped fighting, surrendered the castle and received pardon for this, other sources report that Sir Humphrey fled when the castle fell. Shortly afterwards, Humphrey Neville rejoined Lancaster troops in northern England under the leadership of Henry Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset , and Norham Castle was overrun by them. Shortly afterwards, with his own small army, Sir Humphrey set an ambush near Newcastle upon Tyne for John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, who was on his way north to the Scots, who were now allied with the Yorkists. Montagu was warned and was able to bypass the trap. After the lost battle at Hexham on May 15, 1464, Sir Humphrey escaped and hid in a cave near Lake Derwent Water . In January 1465 Sir Humphrey was given a Bill of Attainer again and until 1469 he lived like a lawless, a kind of privateer, underground and waged a kind of guerrilla war against the ruling House of York . As captain of a small force, he raided Counties Durham and Hexhamshire again and again . When King Edward IV was captured by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, in the summer of 1469 after the Battle of Edgecote Moor , Sir Humphrey and his brother Charles started an open revolt north along the Scottish border.

The Earl of Warwick tried to recruit troops and supporters locally to quell this revolt, but failed because most of the area's nobles did not approve of the imprisonment of Edward IV by Warwick and would only take up arms on a direct order from the king. This fact also contributed to Edward IV being set free in the fall. Warwick was then able to put down the revolt with the support of other nobles and capture Sir Humphrey Neville and his brother Charles in Holderness .

Sir Humphrey Neville was beheaded on September 29, 1469 in York , in the presence of Edward IV.

Marriage and offspring

Sir Humphrey had a son, Arthur of Scole Acle.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. 2nd Edition. Douglas Richardson, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4610-4513-7 , p. 615.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Sidney Lee: Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XL, Smith Elder & Co., London 1894, p. 262.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Surtees Society: The Priory of Hexham. Vol. I, Andrews & Co., Durham 1864, S. cvii, S. ci, S. cxii.
  4. ^ A b c d Towton Battlefield Society
  5. ↑ a b c Richard III. Foundation Inc. ( Memento of the original from January 22nd, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.richard111.com
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Anthony Goodman: The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society 1452-1497. Taylor & Francis, 1990, ISBN 0-415-05264-5 , p. 57, p. 63, p. 69, p. 70, p. 221.
  7. ^ A b c d Mary Ann Hookham: The Life and Times of Margaret of Anjou. Tinsley Brothers London 1872, p. 166, p. 170.
  8. ^ A b c William E. Baumgaertner: Squires, Knights, Barons, Kings: War and Politics in Fifteen Century England. Trafford Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4269-0769-2 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i J. Richard: Sir Humphrey Neville of Brancepeth (c.1439-1469). at www.historyofwar.org - read online June 24, 2016.
  10. ^ Richard Brooke: Visits to the Fields of Battle in England. John R. Smith, London 1857, p. 105.
  11. ^ A b David Bret: The Yorkist Kings and the Wars of the Roses. Part 1: Edward IV. Lulu Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-291-95954-3 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e Alison Weir: The Wars of the Roses. Random House, 2011, ISBN 978-0-345-40433-6 , p. 221, p. 326, p. 327, p. 355.
  13. ↑ James Bohn: The Chronicles of the White Rose of York. William Stevens, London 1845, p. Lxxxvii.
  14. ^ A b Peter Bramley: A Companion and Guide to the Wars of the Roses. The History Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7524-9691-7 .
  15. ^ A b John Sadler: Border Fury: England and Scotland at War 1296-1568. Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-317-86527-8 , p. 363.
  16. ↑ a b c d Andrea Willers: Richard: The Man behind the Myth. Author House, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4918-8211-5 , p. 54.
  17. ^ A b c d Trevor Royle: Lancaster against York: The Wars of the Roses and Foundation of Modern Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, ISBN 978-0-230-61369-0 , p. 215.
  18. ^ A b A. J. Polland: Imagining Robin Hood: The late Medieval Stories in Historical Content. Routledge, 2004, ISBN 1-134-59538-7 .
  19. ^ A b c William E. Baumgaertner: A Time-Line of Fifteen Century England, 1398-1509. Trafford Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4269-0638-1 .
  20. ↑ James E. Doyle: A Chronicle of England BC55-AD1488. Longman, Green, Roberts, 1864, p. 415.
  21. ↑ a b David Grummitt: Henry VI. Routledge, 2015, ISBN 978-1-317-48260-4 , p. 213.
  22. ↑ a b c Michael Hicks: The Wars of the Roses. Yale University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-11423-2 , p. 178, p. 182, p. 194.
personal data
SURNAME Neville, Humphrey
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Neville, Sir Humphrey
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English knight
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH September 29, 1469