1411

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1411
Sigismund becomes Roman-German king .	Antipope John XXIII. bans Jan Hus .
1411 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	859/860 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1403/04
Aztec calendar	9. Rabbit - Chicuhnahui Tochtli (until the end of January / beginning of February: 8th house - Chicuei Calli )
Buddhist calendar	1954/55 (southern Buddhism); 1953/54 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the metal rabbit辛卯 ( at the beginning of the year metal tiger 庚寅)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	773/774 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	789/790
Islamic calendar	813/814 (turn of the year April 24th / 25th)
Jewish calendar	5171/72 (September 18-19)
Coptic calendar	1127/28
Malayalam calendar	586/587
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1721/22 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1722/23 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1449
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1467/68 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Lithuanian Wars of the Teutonic Order

Thorn Peace Treaty

The First Peace of Thorn between the Teutonic Order and Poland-Lithuania , concluded on February 1st, ended - provisionally for the lifetime of the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and the Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania , allied with him - the Lithuanian Wars of the Teutonic Order , which last year culminated in the battle of Tannenberg . Among other things, the Teutonic Order has to renounce the possession of Samogitia and is forced, in addition to immense contributions, to refrain from further attempts at proselytizing in Lithuania . As a result, there were still minor armed conflicts between the Order and Lithuania, but the period of constant military conflicts had ended. The financial obligations in particular turn out to be a heavy burden for the order and its Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen .

Holy Roman Empire

• January 18 : Just a few months after his election as Roman-German king, Jobst von Moravia from the House of Luxembourg dies in Brno under unexplained circumstances. The electoral dignity of Brandenburg goes to his cousin Sigismund , the king of Hungary and Croatia .
• June 3 : The sudden death of his uncle Leopold IV von Habsburg enables 14-year-old Albrecht V to ascend the throne as Duke of Austria , even if he is formally still under the tutelage of his younger uncle Ernst the Iron , who, however, rules in Inner Austria .
• July 21 : The Hungarian King Sigismund is elected Roman-German king as the successor to his cousin Jobst , whom he was only slightly inferior in the last election in September of the previous year .

Friedrich I of Brandenburg

• In gratitude for his support in the election of a king, King Sigismund, in his capacity as Elector of Brandenburg, made the Burgrave of Nuremberg Friedrich I supreme captain and administrator of the Mark Brandenburg . This event marks the beginning of the Hohenzollern rule in northeast Germany.
• November 24 : The Appenzeller close after the defeat three years earlier in the Battle of Bregenz a castle and land rights treaty with the eight old places except Bern and thus facing site of the Confederation .

France

• Spring: In the civil war between the Armagnacs and Bourguignons , the Armagnacs, under their leader Bernard VII d'Armagnac , begin to plunder the Beauvaisis and Picardy .
• October 23 : The Duke of Burgundy enters with an army of 60,000 men in Paris and attacks the allied with the Armagnacs Bretons, who retreat to La Chapelle. On the night of November 8th to 9th , Johann Ohnefurcht leaves the city with his soldiers through the Porte Saint-Jacques and marches on Saint-Cloud . There he succeeds in gathering the Armagnac troops and defeating them completely. He then pursued Charles de Valois, duc d'Orléans , to Bourges , where he besieged him.

Africa

• Under the influence of various monastic orders, who hope for greater influence at the imperial court, David I resigns as negus negest . His son Tewodros I ascends the Ethiopian throne.

City foundations and first documentary mentions

• Sultan Ahmed founds the city of Ahmedabad in the Indian sultanate of Gujarat .
• The places Asperglen , Krehwinkel , Marhof , Rennersdorf and Vigantice are first mentioned in a document.

economy

• 117 patricians move out of Mainz at short notice in order to emphasize their claim to the privileges of tax and customs exemption in a dispute with the guilds. Among them is the family of Johannes Gutenberg .
• King Louis VII of France orders the goldsmiths and money changers of Paris to settle on the Pont au Change .
• Saxon coin history # Groschenzeit : In the Freiberg Mint , the last helmet groschen is minted under Margrave Friedrich the Arguable of Meissen .

science and technology

• A funicular is described for the first time in a military fireworks book.

Culture

Trinity icon by Andrei Rublev

• around 1411: The Russian icon painter Andrei Rubljow paints the Trinity icon . It is considered to be one of the highlights of Russian painting. The picture does not represent the Trinity directly, because direct pictorial representations of God the Father are unusual in Orthodoxy . Rather, it symbolizes them using a scene from the Old Testament : the visit of the three angel messengers to Abraham and Sarah . The same motif can be found on countless other icons throughout the Orthodox field.

religion

• February : Pope John XXIII. bans Jan Hus . He is excommunicated and expelled from the city of Prague . As a result, riots break out in Prague .
• The monastery Freienhagen der Wilhelmiten is mentioned for the first time in a document.

Born

Date of birth saved

• September 21 : Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York , English nobleman († 1460 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Margareta von Cilli , duchess of half of Glogau and Steinau († 1480 )
• Walter Devereux , English knight and politician († 1459 )
• Margarethe von Hanau , daughter of Reinhard II of Hanau († 1441 )
• Heinrich II , Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel († 1473 )
• Juan de Mena , Spanish poet († 1456 )
• Muhammad VIII , Moorish emir of Granada († 1431 )
• Latino Orsini , Italian Archbishop of Trani and Taranto († 1477 )
• Nicolaus Pistoris , German physician and mayor of Leipzig († 1471 )
• Bosio Sforza , Count of Santa Fiora († 1476 )

Born around 1411

• Anne Neville, Duchess of Buckingham , English noblewoman († 1480 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 12 : Heilmann von Wattenheim , German priest and papal commissioner (* around 1345 )
• January 18 : Jobst of Moravia , Roman-German King (* 1351 )
• before February 11: Jacobus , auxiliary bishop of Schwerin

• March 4 : Johann von Hanau , Count of Hanau (* around 1377 )
• March 5 : Ulrich II , Bishop of Lavant
• April 6th : Conrad Letzkau , German councilor and mayor of Danzig right city
• April 12th : Robert I , Duke of Bar (* 1344 )

• May 29 : Hermann von Alen , German businessman and mayor of Lübeck
• May: Nicolaus von Renys , Kulmer land nobility, knight and one of the leaders of the secular lizard association (* around 1360 )
• June 3 : Leopold IV , Duke of Austria (* 1371 )

Second half of the year

• July 15 : Jean Petit , French lawyer and theologian (* around 1364 )
• July 26th : Elisabeth von Hohenzollern-Nürnberg , German Queen (* 1358 )
• 3rd / 4th August : Walther von Köckritz , Canon of Magdeburg, Merseburg and Meißen and Bishop of Merseburg

• September 21 : Anne de Mortimer , English noblewoman (* 1390 )
• September 28 : Zbynko Zajíc von Hasenburg , Bohemian nobleman and Archbishop of Prague (* 1376 )

• October 10 : Nikolaus von Bunzlau , German Benedictine monk and auxiliary bishop in Breslau
• October 19 : Kuno von Stoffeln , prince abbot of St. Gallen (* before 1365)

Johann I of Egloffstein

• November 22nd : Johann I von Egloffstein , German Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and founder of the University of Würzburg

Exact date of death unknown

• Alram I. , Count of Ortenburg
• Lütet Attena , East Frisian chief
• Erich IV. , Duke of Saxony-Lauenburg (* 1354 )
• Paolo di Giovanni Fei , Italian painter of the School of Siena (* 1345 )
• Nephon Kausokalybites , Greek Orthodox monk and ascetic, Protos on Mount Athos (* before 1335)
• Bruno Warendorp , councilor in Lübeck

Web links

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