1412

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1412
Fernando I is elected King of Aragon by the Caspe compromise .	The reformer Jan Hus has to flee Prague .
Margarethe I , founder of the Kalmar Union , dies.
1412 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	860/861 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1404/05
Aztec calendar	10th tubes - Matlactli Acatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 9th rabbit - Chicuhnahui Tochtli )
Buddhist calendar	1955/56 (southern Buddhism); 1954/55 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the water dragon壬辰 ( at the beginning of the year metal rabbit 辛卯)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	774/775 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	790/791
Islamic calendar	814/815 (turn of the year April 12/13)
Jewish calendar	5172/73 (September 7/8)
Coptic calendar	1128/29
Malayalam calendar	587/588
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1722/23 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1723/24 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1450
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1468/69 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

• March 1st : After the death of his father Albrecht III. Albrecht V becomes Duke of Mecklenburg under the tutelage of his mother Agnes.

Filippo Maria Visconti
on a medal from Pisanello

• May 16 : Giovanni Maria Visconti , notorious for his cruelty , is murdered by the Ghibellines while his regent, the Condottiere Facino Cane de Casale, is dying. His similarly cruel brother Filippo Maria Visconti follows him as Duke of Milan . In the same year, the twenty-year-old Beatrice di Tenda married the forty-year-old widow Facino Cane de Casales. This allows Visconti to dispose of Cane's troops, while Beatrice is allowed to keep her husband's lands.
• July 14th : Three men are executed in Prague who publicly opposed the indulgence trade .
• October 24th : Second battle at Kremmer Damm

• Against Jan Hus , who preaches against ecclesiastical abuses and indulgences, which will interdict imposed. Hus leaves Prague, where he was the rector of the university , and goes to South Bohemia.
• The Hildesheim prince-bishop Johann III. von Hoya gives the approval for the fortification of his southern border against the Duchy of Braunschweig by the Bockenemer Landwehr.

Other events in Central Europe

• Władysław II Jagiełło and Sigismund of Luxembourg sign the Treaty of Lubowla on November 8th , concerning the Spiš , which is valid until 1772 .

Scandinavia

• October 28th : Due to the death of his great-aunt Margarethe I in Flensburg harbor , Erik VII , whom she decreed as heir, becomes the sole ruler of the Kalmar Union of Denmark , Norway and Sweden that she established .

France

• January: Johann Ohnefurcht , Duke of Burgundy , reestablishes the Prévôt des marchands , which was abolished in 1382 and represents the interests of the bourgeoisie with the French king, as de facto ruler in France , and thus strengthens his position in Paris .
• May 8th : In the Treaty of Bourges , the English King Henry IV assures the French dukes Johann von Berry and Karl von Orléans his support against the Bourguignons , and is to get the Duchy of Aquitaine back.
• August 22nd : The Armagnacs sign the Treaty of Auxerre with the Bourguignons , according to which neither side will use foreign military aid. The civil war between the Armagnacs and Bourguignons seems to have ended, to the relief of all of France .
• November 17th : With the Treaty of Buzançais , Johann von Berry and Karl von Orléans have to buy the withdrawal of the English troops landed in September under Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence .

Southern and Western Europe

• With the compromise of Caspe on June 24th, Fernando I is determined to succeed Martin I on the throne of Aragon .

Egypt

• May: Faraj , Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt , is overthrown and murdered at the instigation of the legal scholars. In September, at their insistence, the Abbasid caliph al-Mustain agreed to take over the office. He appoints al-Mu'aiyad Sheikh as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. This succeeds in isolating him completely and causes him to abdicate in November in his favor.

Japan

• Go-Komatsu abdicates as Emperor of Japan . His son Shōkō becomes 101st Tennō .

Culture and society

• Pentecost: The Kötzting pastor receives safe escort to Steinbühl from Kötzting boys. From this, the Kötztinger Pentecost develops on the basis of a vow .

Probably Johann Ember's coat of arms on the southern front of the Liberei

• Johann Ember , pastor of the Andreas Church in Braunschweig , donates his manuscripts and has the Liberei built for this , the first public library north of the Alps. The exact execution of the construction will be regulated in detail on September 25th . The construction itself takes 10 years.

• At the Piazza Maggiore of Bologna is Palazzo dei Banchi built.

Disasters

• November 22nd : The Cäcilienflut , a storm surge in the area of ​​the Lower Elbe, kills up to 30,000 people.

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 6th : Joan of Arc ("Maid of Orléans"), French national heroine († 1431 )
• April 22nd : Reinhard III. von Hanau , German Count of Hanau († 1452 )

• June 5th : Luigi III. Gonzaga , son of the Marquis Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga of Mantua († 1478 )
• August 22 : Friedrich II. , German Elector of Saxony († 1464 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Abraham Senior , Jewish financier and court rabbi of Castile († 1493 )
• Luis de Beaumont , Navarre nobleman, 1st Conde de Lerín († 1462 )
• Mara Branković , Serbian princess, wife of Sultan Murad II († 1487 )
• Hans von Flachslanden , Mayor of Basel († 1476 )
• Katharina von Hoya , German abbess of the Wienhausen monastery († 1474 )
• Diether von Isenburg , German Archbishop of Mainz, Elector and Arch Chancellor († 1482 )
• Bernhard von Kraiburg , German humanist and Bishop of Chiemsee († 1477 )

Born around 1412

• Magdalena of Brandenburg , Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg († 1454 )
• Ralph Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre of Gilsland , English nobleman († 1461 )

Died

Date of death secured

Grave of Albrecht III

• March 1st : Albrecht III. , Swedish King and Duke of Mecklenburg (* around 1338 )
• March 5 : Alfonso de Aragón y Foix , Count of Ribagorza, Ampurias and Prades (* around 1332)

• April 2 : Ruy González de Clavijo , Spanish diplomat and author
• May 16 : Facino Cane de Casale , Italian condottiere (* 1360 )
• May 16 : Giovanni Maria Visconti , Duke of Milan (* 1388 )

• June 17th : Enrico Minutoli , Italian Cardinal, Bishop of Sabina
• June 21 : Friedrich X. , Count of Hohenzollern

• July 14th : Francesco Uguccione , French cardinal
• July 28th : Henry III. von Rosenberg , Bohemian nobleman from the House of Rosenberg, highest burgrave in Prague (* 1361 )
• July 29th : Peter of Navarre , French nobleman, Count of Mortain (* 1366 )
• August 6th : Margaret of Durazzo , Queen of Hungary and Naples (* 1347 )

• October 24 : Johannes von Hohenlohe , German knight (* around 1370 )

Statue of Margaret I by Herman Wilhelm Bissen

• October 28 : Margaret I , Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (* 1353 )

• December 30th : Elisabeth von Nassau-Hadamar , abbess of the Essen monastery

Exact date of death unknown

• Johannes Ciconia , Dutch composer
• Archambaud de Grailly , French Vice Count of Castillon and Gruson (* around 1330 )
• Konrad von Hebenstreit , Bishop of Gurk and Freising
• Otto Jageteufel , councilor and mayor of Szczecin
• Faraj , Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt (* 1386 )

Web links

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