List of heads of state 1412

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Africa

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : an-Nasir Faraj ibn Barquq (1399–1405) (1405–1412)
  • Sultan: al-Mustain bi-'llah Abu l-Fadl al-Abbasi (1412) (Abbaside)
  • Sultan: al-Mu'aiyad Sheikh (1412-1421)

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
  • Sultan : Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid (1411-1424)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Tewodros I (1411-1414)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Abd al-Aziz II. (1394-1434)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof N'Diklam Sare (1390-1420)

• Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty )
  • King / May: Bir III. (1389-1421)

• Kano
  • King: Umaru (1410-1421)

• Morocco ( Merinids )
  • Sultan : Abu Said Uthman III. (1398-1420)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Huitzilíhuitl (1395-1417)

• Inca Empire
  • Inca : Viracocha Inca (around 1410)

Asia

• Ak Koyunlu
  • Ruler : Qara Yülük Uthman (1389-1453)

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Yongle (1402–1424)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Komatsu (1392-1412)
  • Emperor: Shōkō (1412–1428)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1394-1423)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Taejong (1400-1418)

• Persia
  • Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Shah Ruch (1406–1447)

• Qara Qoyunlu (Empire of the Black Mutton)
  • Ruler: Qara Yusuf (1388–1420)

• Thailand
  • King : Nakarintharathirat (1409–1424)

• Trebizond
  • Emperor : Manuel III. (1390-1417)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Countess of Foix : Isabelle (1398–1428)
    • Count of Foix: Archambaud de Grailly (1398–1412)
    • Count of Foix: Johann I (Foix) (1412–1436)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Galcerand de Vilanova (1388-1415)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Manuel II. Palaiologos (1391–1425)

• Denmark (1397–1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden)
  • Queen : Margaret I (1387–1412)
  • King: Erich VII (1397–1439)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Heinrich the Elder of Plauen (1410–1413)

• England
  • King : Henry IV (1399–1413)

• France
  • King : Charles VI, the Mad (1380–1422)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Sigismund (1411–1437) emperor from 1433
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Friedrich III. von Saar Werden (1370–1414)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Johann II of Nassau (1397–1419)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Werner III. von Falkenstein (1388-1418)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Wenceslaus IV (1378–1419)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Sigismund (1378-1388) (1411-1415)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Ludwig III. (1410-1436)
    • Saxony
      • Elector : Rudolf III. (1388-1419)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Eberhard II of Kirchberg (1404–1413)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht von Wertheim (1398–1421)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Humbert of Neuchâtel (1395 / 99-1417)
    • Besançon Archbishopric
      • Archbishop : Thiébaud de Rougemont (1405–1429)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Henning von Bredow (1406–1414)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : John II of Schlamstorf (1406–1421)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Ulrich Prustl (1396–1417)
    • Cambrai Monastery
      • Bishop : Jean V. de Gavre (1411–1438)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Magnus of Saxony-Lauenburg (1410–1424)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Engelmar Chrel (1399–1422)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Hartmann II of Werdenberg-Sargans (1388–1416)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich IV of Oettingen (1383–1415)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Konrad V. von Hebenstreit (1411–1412) (1402–1411 Bishop of Gurk)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Konrad von Hebenstreit (1411–1412)
      • Bishop: Hermann von Cilli (1412–1421)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Jean de Bertrand (1408–1418)
    • Hochstift Gurk
      • Bishop : Ernst Auer von Herrenkirchen (1411–1432)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht von Wernigerode (1411-1419)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Otto I. von Rohr (1401–1427)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : John I of Hoya (1399–1424)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Otto III. von Hachberg (1410–1434)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : Guillaume IV. De Challant (1406–1431)
    • Lavant Monastery
      • Bishop : Wolfhard von Ehrenfels (1411–1421) (1378–1381 administrator of Basel, 1381–1385 bishop of Basel; Roman obedience)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : John VI. Hundebeke (1399-1420)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Elect : Johann VI. of Bavaria-Hainaut (1389-1418)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Günther II. Von Schwarzburg (1403–1445)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : Rudolf von der Planitz (1411–1427)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Nikolaus Lubich (1411–1431)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Rudolf von Coucy (1388-1415)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Wilbrand von Hallermund (1406–1436)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Otto IV. Von Hoya (1392–1424)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Gerhard II of Goch (1409–1422)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Administrator : Otto IV. Von Hoya (1410–1424)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Wilhelm I von Berg (1401–1414)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Georg von Hohenlohe (1390–1423)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Detlef von Berkentin (1395–1419)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Albert III. von Stauffenberg (1409–1421)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Eberhard III. von Neuhaus (1403–1427)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Rudolf von Mecklenburg-Stargard (1390–1415)
    • Seckau monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich II. Von Perneck (1399-1414)
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Wilhelm V of Raron (1402–1417)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Raban von Helmstatt (1396–1438)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Wilhelm II of Diest (1394–1439)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Henry II. De la Ville-sur-Illon (1409–1436)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : George I of Liechtenstein (1390–1419)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich von Blankenheim (1393–1423)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Bishop : Henry II of Verden (1407–1426)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Bishop : John VI. from Saarbrücken (1403 / 04-1419)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : John II of Fleckenstein (1410–1426)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann II. Von Brunn (1411–1440)
  • secular principalities
    • Stop
      • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Bernhard V (1404–1420)
      • Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
        • Prince : George I (1405–1474)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Albrecht III. (1382 / 96–1424)
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Bernhard I (1372–1431)
    • Bavaria
      • Bavaria-Ingolstadt
        • Duke : Stephan III. the Kneißl (1375 / 92–1413)
      • Bavaria-Landshut
        • Duke : Henry XVI. (1393-1450)
      • Bavaria-Munich (joint rule)
        • Duke : Ernst (1397–1438)
        • Duke: Wilhelm III. (1397-1435)
      • Bavaria-Straubing-Holland
        • Duke : Johann III. Without grace (1404–1425) (in Straubing)
        • Duke: Wilhelm II (1404–1417) (in the Netherlands)
    • mountain
      • Duke : Adolf VII (1408–1437)
    • Brabant and Limburg
      • Duke : Anton of Burgundy (1406–1415)
    • Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
      • Braunschweig-Göttingen
        • Duke : Otto II (1394–1463)
      • Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
        • Duke: Erich I (1383-1427) (until 1389 under guardianship)
      • Braunschweig-Lüneburg
        • Duke : Henry I the Meek (1388–1416)
      • Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
        • Duke : Bernhard I (1400–1428)
    • Flanders (personal union with Burgundy)
      • Count : Johann Ohnefurcht (1404 / 5–1419)
    • Geldern (1393-1423 in personal union with Jülich)
      • Duke : Rainald IV. (1402–1423)
    • Hanau
      • Lord : Reinhard II. (1404–1452) (count from 1429)
    • Hainaut (personal union with Holland)
      • Count : Wilhelm IV. (1404–1417)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Hermann II. (1376-1413)
    • Holland (personal union with Hainaut)
      • Count : Wilhelm VI. (1404-1417)
    • Jülich (1393–1423 in personal union with funds)
      • Duke : Rainald I (1402–1423)
    • Kleve
      • Count : Adolf II (1394–1448) (from 1417 duke)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Georg I (1395–1422)
    • Ravensberg
      • Count : Wilhelm II. (1402–1428)
    • Württemberg
      • Count : Eberhard III., The Mild (1392–1417)

• Italian states
  • Estonian
    • Margrave : Azzo IX. (1384-1415)
  • Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
    • Lord : Niccolò III. d'Este (1393–1441)
  • Genoa
    • occupied by France (1396-1413)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Gregory XII. (1406-1415)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Giovanni Maria Visconti (1402–1412)
    • Duke: Filippo Maria Visconti (1412–1447)
  • Mantua
    • Count : Gianfrancesco I. Gonzaga (1407–1444) (from 1433 margrave)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Theodor II (1381-1418)
  • Naples
    • King : Ladislaus (1386-1414)
  • Rimini
    • Lord : Carlo Malatesta (1385–1429)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Thomas III. (1391-1416)
  • San Marino
    • Capitano Reggente: Paolo di Carbone (1411-1412)
    • Capitano Reggente: Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi (1411-1412)
    • Capitano Reggente: Simone di Menghino de 'Calcigni (1412)
    • Capitano Reggente: Foschino di Benedetto Madroni (1412)
    • Capitano Reggente: Antonio di Segna (1412-1413)
    • Capitano Reggente: Giovanni di Ugolino di Giovanni (1412-1413)
  • Savoy
    • Count : Amadeus VIII. (1391–1434 / 39) (from 1416 duke)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : Ferdinand I (1412–1416)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Michele Steno (1400-1413)

• Moldova
  • Prince : Alexander the Good (1400–1432)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur (in exile): Jean I. (1407-1454)

• Norway
  • Queen : Margaret I (1380–1412)
  • King : Erik VII (1412–1442)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : dispute over the succession to the throne (1402-1413)

• Poland
  • King : Władysław II. Jagiełło (1386–1434)

• Portugal
  • King : John I (1385–1433)

• Russia
  • Grand Duke : Vasily I (1389–1425)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob I (1406–1437)

• Sweden
  • Queen : Margaret I (1380–1412)
  • King: Erik VII (1412–1441)

• Spanish states
  • Aragon
    • King : Ferdinand I (1412–1416)
  • Granada
    • Emir : Yusuf III. (1408-1417)
  • Castile
    • King : Johann II. (1406-1454)
  • Navarre
    • King : Charles III. (1387-1425)
  • Urgell
    • Count : Jacob II (1408–1413)

• Hungary
  • King : Sigismund (1387–1437)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Mircea the Old (1386–1394) (1397–1418)

• Zeta
  • Prince : Balša III. (1403-1421)

• Cyprus
  • King : Janus (1398–1432)