Principality of Basel

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Principality of Basel
coat of arms
Coat of arms of the diocese of Basel
map
Diocese-Basel2.png
Alternative names Hochstift Basel
Ruler / government Prince-Bishop
Today's region / s CH-JU ; CH-BE ; CH-BL ; DE-BW
Parliament 1 virile vote on the ecclesiastical bench in the Reichsfürstenrat
Reichskreis Upper Rhine Empire Circle
District council 1 virile vote on the spiritual bench
Capitals / residences Basel ; since 1528 pruntrut
Denomination / Religions reformed and Roman Catholic
Language / n french and german


Incorporated into Secularization 1803;
Right bank of the Rhine:
Margraviate Baden
Left bank of the Rhine:
Canton Bern & Canton Basel
later split off to Canton Jura & Canton Basel-Landschaft
See also Diocese of Basel
Basel Minster and Münsterpfalz, until the Reformation in 1529 the cathedral of the diocese and residence of the prince-bishop
Pruntrut Palace , residence of the Basel prince-bishops from 1527–1792

The prince-bishopric of Basel was the secular domain of the bishops of Basel , who were here as prince-bishops and imperial princes . The ruled area did not coincide with the area of ​​the diocese of Basel , but was much smaller; However, parts of the dominion belonged to other Catholic dioceses. Not only because of this, the prince-bishopric was an extremely complex structure: depending on the area, German or French was spoken and the Reformed or Catholic denomination was predominant, and parts of it had been part of the Swiss Confederation since the late Middle Ages.

The prince-bishopric existed from 999 until the secularization of 1803.

history

→ see also the section: Diocese of Basel # Fürstbistum Basel

While Basel has been mentioned as a bishopric since around 400 AD, the history of the prince-bishopric as a secular territory began in 999 AD with the donation of the Münster-Granfelden Abbey by King Rudolf of Hochburgund to the diocese of Basel, whose bishop was at that time Adalbero II was. King Rudolf entered 1006 Basel as a pledge to his nephew, the German king Henry II. , From which the city - until then to Upper Burgundy belong - in the Holy Roman Empire annexing. Heinrich II, in turn, gave Bishop Adalbero the high level of jurisdiction over Basel and the right to mint coins. Although documents are missing, it is assumed that the bishop "had achieved complete spiritual and secular rule over the city of Basel around the year 1000."

The Roman-German King Frederick II granted the city the right to appoint a council that was independent of episcopal election or approval. However, this right to protest by Bishop Heinrich von Thun was revoked by imperial princes and king in 1218. Nonetheless, the city and citizens gradually gained self-government in the period that followed. In 1263, Bishop Heinrich von Neuchâtel gave the city a constitution. In 1273 the episcopal city bailiwick became an imperial bailiwick. Financial difficulties caused later bishops to gradually pledge their regalia to the city in exchange for loans, so that in 1386 the actual rule of the bishop over the city was extinguished. Formally, however, the city still gave the bishop an annual oath of allegiance until the Reformation (1521).

Franz Xaver von Neveu was the last prince-bishop of Basel from 1794-1803. In 1803 the prince-bishopric was dissolved like almost all spiritual principalities in the course of secularization after it had been largely occupied by France since 1792. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna allocated the French-speaking part and the Laufental to the canton of Bern . The Birseck was attached to the Canton of Basel .

Imperial legal position

The Principality of Basel had a seat and vote in the Imperial Council of Dukes . It was there one with the Bishopric of Brixen alternating Virilstimme and took a seat on the spiritual prince Bank one.

The prince-bishopric also had a virile vote in the district assembly of the Upper Rhine Empire .

The contribution to the Roman months fixed at the Diet of Worms in 1521 was two mounted soldiers and fifteen foot soldiers, or 94 guilders.

The princedom's estates consisted of four banks: clergy, nobility, cities and bailiwicks. The abbot of Bellelay Abbey held the office of President of the Estates.

Legally, the Principality of Basel consisted of two parts: the area north of the Klus von Court and Pichoux was part of the Holy Roman Empire and belonged to the Upper Rhine Empire; the area south of it was outside the legal system of the empire and was bound by the Swiss Confederation . The Moutier-Grandval provost was divided politically and religiously into the Catholic Prévôté sous-les-roches and the Protestant Prévôté sur-les-roches .

coat of arms

The Bishop of Basel used the red episcopal crook ( Baselstab ) on a white field as a coat of arms . The oldest colored evidence for the coat of arms can be found in the Zurich coat of arms roll around 1340.

The territory

Part of the Upper Rhine Empire in the Holy Roman Empire with a Catholic denomination

French name German name acquisition diocese Remarks coat of arms
Avouerie d'Ajoie Landvogtei Elsgau 1270 Archdiocese of Besançon 1779 to the diocese of Basel Porrentruy district.gif
Ville de Porrentruy City of Pruntrut 1270 Archdiocese of Besançon Since 1527 residence of the bishop, 1779 to the diocese of Basel Porrentruy-blason.jpg
La Baroche La Baroche 1270 Diocese of Basel Politically part of the Ajoie, consisting of the villages Charmoille , Miserez , Miécourt , Fregiécourt , Pleujouse and Asuel La Baroche-coat of arms.svg
Seigneurie d' Asuel Reign of Hasenburg 1241 Diocese of Basel Asuel-coat of arms.svg
Soyhières Sornegau 1234 Diocese of Basel Soyhieres-Blazono.png
Avouerie de Delémont Landvogtei Delsberg 1234 Diocese of Basel Delemont coat of arms.svg
Ville de Delémont City of Delémont 1234 Diocese of Basel Second residence of the bishop, seat of the provost of Moutier-Grandval Delemont coat of arms.svg
Prévôté de Saint-Ursanne Propstei Sankt Ursitz 999 Diocese of Basel Guardian bailiffs were the Knights of Asuel StUrsanne Wappen.svg
Seigneurie de Muriaux Dominion Spiegelberg 1315 Diocese of Basel The Franches-Montagnes were ruled by Muriaux Castle Muriaux-Blazono.png
Franches-Montagnes Freiberg 1315 Diocese of Basel The Franches-Montagnes were ruled by Muriaux Castle Saignelégier-armoiries.svg
Bailliage de Laufon Landvogtei Laufen 1141 Diocese of Basel CH Laufen BL COA.svg
Bailliage de Pfeffingen Landvogtei Pfeffingen 1005 Diocese of Basel Donation from Emperor Heinrich II. Coat of arms of Pfeffingen BL.svg
Bailliage de forcing Landvogtei Zwingen 1005 Diocese of Basel Coat of arms of Zwingen.svg
Liesberg Liesberg 1271 Diocese of Basel Acquisition as part of an exchange deal with the Counts of Pfirt and von Neuchâtel Coat of arms Liesberg.png
Seigneurie de la Bourg Herrschaft Burg im Leimental 1271 Diocese of Basel Sold by the Archduke of Austria to the Counts of Neuchâtel Coat of arms of Burg im Leimental.svg
Avouerie de Birseck Landvogtei Birseck 1245 Diocese of Basel Coat of arms of Arlesheim.svg
Courtine d'Arlesheim Location Arlesheim 1245 Diocese of Basel Since 1679 the seat of the cathedral chapter Coat of arms of Arlesheim.svg
Seigneurie de Schliengen Landvogtei Schliengen around 1000 Diocese of Constance With the Istein festival DEU Schliengen COA.svg
Prévôté de Moutier-Grandval sous-les-roches Propstei Münster-Granfelden under the Klus 999 Diocese of Basel Legally, the four municipalities in Birstal (were Châtillon , Courrendlin , Rossemaison , Vellerat ) and the three municipalities in the Val Terbi ( Corban , Courchapoix , Mervelier ) into the castle right with Bern included Moutier (district) -coat of arms.svg
Couvent de Bellelay Bellelay Abbey 1136 Diocese of Basel Founding by the Moutier-Grandval Provostry. Legally, the two communities were the Courtine de Bellelay ( Lajoux , Les Genevez ) into the castle right with Bern included Coat of arms Bellelay.svg

Protected by the Confederation with a Protestant denomination

French name German name acquisition diocese Remarks coat of arms
Prévôté de Moutier-Grandval sur-les-Roches Propstei Münster-Granfelden above the Klus 999 Diocese of Basel, Protestant in 1527 Guardians were the Counts of Soyhières , then the Counts of Pfirt . 1486 Castle law treaty with Bern, since the Reformation the seat of the provost in Delémont Moutier (district) -coat of arms.svg
Prévôté de Saint-Imier Propstei Sankt Immer 999 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Guardians were the lords of Erguel . 1479 Castle contract with the city of Biel Saint Imier-coat of arms.svg
Avouerie d ' Erguël Landvogtei Erguel 999 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Guardians were the Counts of Fenis - Neuchâtel . Since 1393 the city of Biel had the banner right in Erguel, 1555 castle rights contract with Solothurn Courtelary (district) -coat of arms.svg
Orvin Ilfingen 999 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Orvin-coat of arms.svg
Seigneurie de Nugerol Reign of Schlossberg 999 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Lost place between Le Landeron and La Neuveville
Ville de Bienne City of Biel 1142 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Since 1478 part of the Swiss Confederation Biel-coat of arms.svg
Ville de La Neuveville City of Neuenstadt 1312 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Castle law treaties with Bern (1388), with Biel (1395), with Solothurn (1448) La Neuveville-coat of arms.svg
Avouerie de La Neuveville / Montagne de Diesse Landvogtei Neuenstadt / Tessenberg 1112 Diocese of Lausanne, Protestant in 1527 Condominium of the Prince-Bishop of Basel with the Count of Neuchâtel, Line zu Nidau ​​(inherited from Bern) Diesse-coat of arms.svg

The princes

The bishop's chair in Basel was mostly occupied by the aristocracy of Upper Austria ; since the 16th century these have been the families Utenheim , Gundelsheim , Lichtenfels , Blarer von Wartensee (three prince-bishops), Rinck von Baldenstein , Ostein , Ramstein , Schönau-Zell , Roggenbach (two prince-bishops), Reinach-Hirtzbach , Reinach-Steinbrunn , Froburg (Montjoie) , Wangen-Geroldseck and Neveu . In general, the connection between the Upper Austrian seat of government Freiburg im Breisgau and the bishop's residence in Porrentruy was very close. A prime example is the career of the first archivist and provincial historian both in Front Austria and then in the diocese of Basel, Leonard Leopold Maldoner (born 1694 in Waldshut , died in Porrentruy in 1765), who first worked in Freiburg and in 1749 after a dispute with the front Austrian authorities became the employer changed. The country descriptions Brisgovia vetus et nova and Historia Basiliens , pioneering work for both countries, come from him. Today's Freiburg regional council of the state of Baden-Württemberg has its seat in Basler Hof .

See list of the bishops of Basel

military

Colonel Standard of Eptingen

From 1758 the Prince-Bishop of Basel participated in the provision of Swiss troops in French service for the royal house of the Bourbons 1589–1792 by setting up the regiment of Eptingen with the Strasbourg garrison . The regiment of Eptingen received the number 70 and was designated as "Prince Bishop", 11th Swiss Regiment.

Commanders were:

  • 1758: Johann Baptist von Eptingen, promoted to brigadier in 1762 and field marshal in 1770;
  • 1783: Regiment von Schönau (Schonau), Franz Xaver Anton von Schönau;
  • 1786: Regiment von Reinach, Sigismund von Reinach-Steinbrunn.

Used in 1769 for the conquest of Corsica and especially in garrison service in France. In 1791 the regiment became the 100th Infantry Line Regiment and in 1792 - with the dismissal of the Swiss - with French soldiers.

swell

Regesten and document book

  • Josef Bader: Regesta of the former bishopric of Basel from 999 to 1280 . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 4. 1853, pp. 208-240 ( online in the Google book search ).
  • Josef Bader: Regesta of the former bishopric of Basel from 1281 to 1341 . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 4. 1853, pp. 356–384 ( online in the Google book search ).
  • Josef Bader: Regesta of the former bishopric of Basel from 1341 to 1360 . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 4. 1853, pp. 457-474 ( online in the Google book search ).
  • Monuments de l'histoire de l'ancien évêché de Bâle. Latin, German and French documents; Introduction and comments (French)

literature

  • Bessire, Paul-Otto, Histoire du Jura Bernois et de l'ancien Évêché de Bâle, Préface de François Lachat, Postface de Bernard Prongué, Éditions de la Prévôté, Moutier 1977
  • Boner, Georg: The Diocese of Basel: An overview from the beginnings to the reorganization in 1828. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Volume 88, 1968, pp. 5-101 ( online ).
  • Günther, Reinhold: The fall of the diocese of Basel. In: Franz August Stocker (Ed.): From the Jura to the Black Forest: history, legend, land and people. Vol. 6, Aarau 1889, pp. 276–288 ( online in the Internet Archive ).
  • Jorio, Marco : The fall of the Principality of Basel (1792-1815): The struggle of the last two prince-bishops Joseph Sigismund von Roggenbach and Franz Xaver von Neveu against secularization. Paulusdruckerei, Freiburg (Switzerland), 1981.
  • Schaab, Meinrad: Hochstift Basel. In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , pp. 460-465.
  • Seith, Günther: The areas on the right bank of the Rhine of the diocese of Basel and their transition to Baden. In: Das Markgräflerland, Heft 2, 1951, pp. 45–99 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
  • Stocker, Franz August : The popular uprisings in the Bernese Jura against the Bishop of Basel. In the S. (Ed.): From the Jura to the Black Forest: history, legend, country and people. Vol. 1, Aarau 1884, pp. 23-44 ( online in the Internet Archive ).

Web links

Commons : Diocese of Basel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In Switzerland the term Fürstbistum is in use, while the term Hochstift is used in German historical literature .
  2. ^ The Landvogtei Schliengen belonged to the Diocese of Constance ; the Elsgau with the later bishopric Pruntrut belonged to the Archdiocese of Besançon for a long time .
  3. ↑ Entry on www.altbasel.ch
  4. ↑ Martin Alioth , Ulrich Barth, Dorothee Huber, Historisches Museum Basel (ed.): Basler Stadtgeschichte 2 - from building bridges in 1225 to the present. P. 19.
  5. ↑ Martin Alioth, Ulrich Barth, Dorothee Huber, Historisches Museum Basel (ed.): Basler Stadtgeschichte 2 - from building bridges in 1225 to the present. P. 20.
  6. ↑ Article Basel In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz, Vol. 1, Neuchâtel 1921, p. 578.
  7. ↑ Cf. Bessire, Paul-Otto, Histoire du Jura Bernois et de l'ancien Évêché de Bâle, Préface de François Lachat, Postface de Bernard Prongué, Éditions de la Prévôté, Moutier 1977, pp. 43–49.
  8. ↑ Cf. Bessire, Paul-Otto, Histoire du Jura Bernois et de l'ancien Évêché de Bâle, Préface de François Lachat, Postface de Bernard Prongué, Éditions de la Prévôté, Moutier 1977, pp. 43–49.
  9. ↑ Cf. Moine, Denis, Au fil du temps. Chronique militaire du Jura et du Jura Bernois 1318–2003, Delémont 2008, pp. 30–37.
  10. ↑ Cf. Moine, Denis, Péripeties en Corse, in: ders., Au fil du temps. Chronique militaire du Jura et du Jura Bernois 1318–2003, Delémont 2008, p. 33.