Landvogtei Schliengen

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Sketch map of the Landvogtei Schliengen

The Landvogtei Schliengen was an administrative unit of the Principality of Basel , which included the sovereign territories of the Principality on the right bank of the Rhine and existed from 1719 until the secularization of 1803. It is named after its seat, the municipality of Schliengen .

history

Entenstein Castle

Schliengen, Mauchen and Steinenstadt were given to the Lords of Üsenberg as fiefs by the bishopric of Basel around 1170 . In 1238 the towns came to the knight Rudolf Schaler, the Basel mayor, as an after-fief . They then went from Schaler to the knight Jakob von Neuenfels in 1337, and in 1343 Prince-Bishop Johann II. Senn von Münsingen replaced the fief and took over the localities in their own administration, whereby the area was assigned to the Obervogtei Birseck . Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg exchanged the village of Huttingen for Höllstein with the Prince-Bishop of Basel in 1365 . In 1546, Prince-Bishop Philipp von Gundelsheim issued a village order for Schliengen.

Between the bishopric of Basel and the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach there were constant disputes about the high level of jurisdiction , which were temporarily settled in such a way that the Prince-Bishop of Basel was only allowed to exercise the high level of jurisdiction for the local resident of Schliengen - this right remained with the rest of the area Margraves. The bishop did not have full sovereignty for a long time, but was only able to enforce it in 1769. Nonetheless, the area of ​​the bishopric in the empire belonged to the Upper Rhine Empire , while the surrounding villages of the margraviate belonged to the Swabian Empire and the villages of Upper Austria to the Austrian Empire - since the emperors and imperial circles partly pursued their own foreign policy and built their own military structures, the legal situation in this area was complex. The mixed situation also constantly led to legal disputes with Upper Austria and the Johannitern who owned properties in neighboring Neuchâtel .

In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) the villages of the later Landvogtei (at that time still Unteramt) Schliengen suffered from troop movements, billeting, looting and contributions, whereby it hardly mattered to the population whether it was enemy Swedish and French troops or to the troops of the emperor and the catholic league politically connected with the bishopric acted. The population decreased by approx. 80%, and after the war there was an influx from abroad - especially from Switzerland - to the fertile villages on the Rhine plain.

In 1704, Prince-Bishop Wilhelm Jakob Rinck von Baldenstein granted the municipality of Schliengen market rights after a trading center that was important for the region had failed due to the destruction of Neuchâtel . In addition to a weekly market, the law included four annual markets.

Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Reinach-Hirtzbach made Schliengen a Landvogtei in 1719 and in 1725 bought the moated Entenstein Castle , which became the seat of the Landvogte . The Landvogtei had a seat in the estates of the Hochstift in Pruntrut .

In the first coalition war against France, Archduke Karl forced the French General Jean-Victor Moreau to retreat across the Rhine near Hüningen on October 24, 1796 in the Battle of Schliengen .

The secularization

Ignaz Sigismund Freiherr von Rotberg - last Prince-Bishop Landvogt von Schliengen

The secularization of the prince-bishopric took place in stages. After income and the diocesan area in Alsace were already lost in 1790, France occupied all territories on the left bank of the Rhine in 1792 and thus the main part of the bishopric. In 1797 France then also occupied the areas of the bishopric, which had previously been part of the Confederation, and in 1798 the associated income was lost, i.e. H. From 1798 the bishopric consisted of the Landvogtei Schliengen and only received its income from here. With the Treaty of Lunéville on February 9, 1801 between Austria and the French Republic and the provision of compensation for secular imperial estates for territorial losses on the left bank of the Rhine, the political die had already been cast. Prince-Bishop Franz Xaver von Neveu tried until the autumn of 1801 to forge a union of spiritual imperial princes in order to secure part of the territory and the imperial estate. The plan failed, however, and from then on the bishopric concentrated on negotiating the pensions and compensation for the prince-bishop and the members of the cathedral chapter .

After other imperial estates (Prussia and Austria) began to occupy the ecclesiastical areas intended for secularization and Napoleon also put pressure on Baden in this regard, the Baden governor of Rötteln, Johann Christian August von Kalm , occupied the governorate of Schliengen on September 23, 1802 a small military division. On November 30, 1802, the handover took place in a solemn act, and on December 12, the last Basel Prince-Bishop of Neveu released the last Prince-Bishop's governor, Ignaz Sigismund von Rotberg, from his oath of allegiance.

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of March 24, 1803 and its ratification by the Kaiser on April 27, 1803 only formed the formal imperial legal conclusion of the abolition of almost all spiritual principalities in the empire.

The transfer of the entire Landvogtei to the Margraviate of Baden can therefore best be dated on November 30, 1802. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the margraviate became the Electorate of Baden , which then left the Reich Association with the signing of the Rhine Federation Act in 1806 and became the Grand Duchy of Baden . Until 1809 there was still a Schliengen office, which was then dissolved as part of the administrative reform of the Grand Duchy and largely assigned to the Kandern district office . Istein and Huttingen came to the district office of Loerrach.

The way to secularization

date event Remarks Link to document
August 22, 1796 Separate peace between Baden and France For the first time, the Hochstift-Basel Landvogtei Schliengen is mentioned as a possible compensation object Art. I. Paragraph 2 of the secret articles
October 17, 1797 Peace of Campo Formio Austria and France agree on the principle of compensation for imperial estates for the loss of areas on the left bank of the Rhine to France Art. XII. Secret article
October 26, 1797 Ratification of the separate peace by the margrave over a year after the negotiation of the treaty and after the separate peace in Austria ratification
December 9, 1997 to April 25, 1799 Rastatt Congress Imperial peace based on the Austrian separate peace of Campo Formio fails Roberjot: general plan des indemnités
February 9, 1801 Peace of Lunéville Austria and France confirm the principle of compensation to imperial estates for the loss of areas on the left bank of the Rhine to France; Ratified by imperial decree of March 9, 1801 Art. VII.
August 6, 1802 Compensation agreement for the German Reich between the "mediating powers" France and Russia France and Russia agree on how the compensation for the loss of areas on the left bank of the Rhine should be made and leave the Reich Deputation hardly any room for maneuver Declarations of the two powers
August 29, 1802 Invitation of Napoleon to occupy it Napoleon Bonaparte calls on Karl Friedrich von Baden to occupy the compensation lands allocated in the plan letter
September 8, 1802 Conclusion of the Reich Deputation acceptance in principle of the Franco-Russian compensation plan Protocol of the Reich Deputation
September 14, 1802 Information to spiritual princes The margrave informed the princes of the clergy about the intention of a provisional military possession P. 233
September 16, 1802 margravial instruction for the occupation to the Röttler Landvogt von Kalm
September 21, 1802 Preparatory meeting between the Margrave Landvogt von Kalm and the Hochstift Basel Landvogt von Rotberg
September 23, 1802 provisional military occupation Publication of the deed of possession in Schliengen, Mauchen and Steinenstadt
September 24, 1802 provisional military occupation Publication of the deed of possession in Istein and Huttingen; The Landvogt von Kalm visits the 5 Basle villages
September 25, 1802 Delegation of the cathedral chapter Asks the margrave in Karlsruhe for himself and the officials to be provided by the margravate
October 2, 1802 Letter from the Prince-Bishop to the Margrave Franz Xaver von Neveu asks Karl Friedrich von Baden for himself, the cathedral chapter and his officials for supplies from the margravate
November 25, 1802 Instructions for provisional civilian possession of the margrave to the governor of Kalm
November 30, 1802 provisional civil seizure On this date, Baden took over the administration of the area
February 25, 1803 Reichsdeputationshauptschluss The Reich Deputation decides on the document to be presented to the Reichstag § 5
March 24, 1803 Confirmation by the Reichstag of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Reich report
April 27, 1803 Imperial ratification of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss became legally effective after it had already been implemented for 5 months Instrument of ratification

religion

This area of ​​the Catholic Prince-Bishop of Basel was Catholic - ecclesiastically the Landvogtei Schliengen did not belong to the diocese of Basel , but to the diocese of Constance .

Jews have been recorded in the area of ​​the later Landvogtei Schliengen since 1542. However, there never seems to have been a Jewish community, but more or less individual merchant families who received letters of protection from the prince-bishops in return for monetary payments.

School system

There is documentary evidence of a teacher in Schliengen as early as 1587, whereby it can be concluded from the context that a school had existed for a long time. The first school was set up in Istein in 1764. The school system in the entire Hochstift Basel was re-regulated by a school ordinance of the Prince-Bishop Sigismund von Roggenbach of May 1, 1783. In order to finance a new school building in Istein and to improve the teacher's salary, the Bishop of Basel applied to his colleague in Constance, who was spiritually responsible for Istein, to close the St. Vitus chapel in Istein and to use its capital for financing.

economy

The Landvogtei had good soils for growing grain and wine. In addition to jasper, there was also mineral ore , which was then processed in the margravial ironworks in Kandern . Its location on the main road to Basel in front of the Schliengener Berg provided the village with steady income from the trailer for merchants' wagons.

Municipalities of the Landvogtei

The Landvogtei did not consist of a closed territory, but of two sub-areas (on the one hand Schliengen, Mauchen, Steinenstadt and on the other hand Istein, Huttingen). The area was largely enclosed by the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach , with Liel to the east of Schliengen belonging to the Barons of Baden and Bellingen to the south to the Barons of Andlau - front-Austrian estates. The Landvogtei had 2,168 inhabitants when it passed to Baden.

local community Residents Year of purchase Remarks coat of arms
Schliengen 808 1343 Purchase from knight Jakob von Neuenfels ; at the transition to Baden, Schliengen had around 950 residents and 160 houses DEU Schliengen COA.svg
Mauchen 368 1343 Purchase from knight Jakob von Neuenfels Coat of arms Mauchen (Schliengen) .png
Altingermühle 1343 belonged to the abandoned village of Altingen ;; today belongs to the district Schliengen
Stone city 452 1343 came into the possession of the Bishop of Basel as a gift as early as 1010; given by this as a fief to the lords of Üsenberg ; 1343 purchase from knight Jakob von Neuenfels Coat of arms Steinenstadt.png
Istein with the Istein Castle 422 1103 Notarized in 1139 as “curtim de Hiesten” as the property of the Basel bishopric; In 1811 the Baron von Freystedt bought the Dinghof in Istein - his family then expanded the estate into what is now the small castle. Coat of arms Istein.gif
Huttingen 218 1365 Exchange with the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg Coat of arms Huttingen.gif

The prince-bishops

see list of the bishops of Basel

The governors

Landvogte of the Landvogtei Schliengen with their term of office:

  • Georg Sigmund von Rotberg (1719–1727) - father of the imperial provost Johann Christoph von Rotberg
  • Franz Anton von Neveu (1727–1735)
  • Franz Carl Ignaz von Neveu (1735–1748)
  • Joseph Franz Ignaz Fridolin Reich von Reichenstein (1748–1763)
  • Karl Joseph von Rotberg (1763–1786)
  • Ignaz Sigmund Zölestin von Rotberg (1786–1802)

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Sources for the Landvogtei Schliengen  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: On the history of the Landvogtei Schliengen  - sources and full texts
Commons : Geschichte von Schliengen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual references / comments

  1. ^ The Schliengen village rules from 1546 . in the Google book search In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 18, Karlsruhe 1865, pp. 225–243
  2. ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe
  3. ↑ s. Rüdiger Hoffmann: Jews in Schliengen ?. In: Das Markgräflerland Heft 2/1993, p. 93
  4. ↑ partly also referred to as Obervogtei
  5. ^ M. Jorio, The last Basel Prince-Bishop Franz Xaver von Neveu between secularization and reconstruction; Lecture to the working group for historical regional studies on the Upper Rhine e. V. on 10. – 12. October 2002
  6. ↑ s. Jorio p. 143/144
  7. ↑ Georg Friedrich von Martens (ed.): Recueil de traités d'alliance, de paix, de trève, de neutralité, de commerce, de limites, d'éxchange etc. et plusieurs autres actes servant à la connaissance des relations étrangères des puissances et états de l'Europe tant dans leurs rapport mutuel que dans celui envers les puissances et états dans d'autres parties du globe depuis 1761 jusqu'à présent, tiré des copies publiés par autorité des meilleures collections particulières de traités et des auteurs les plus estimés , Volume 6, Göttingen 1800, to 1797, Articles secrets du traité entre la République Française et le Marggrave de Bâde. 5. Fructidor an 4. (22. Août 1796) , p. 684 French contract text in the Google book search
  8. ^ Peace treaty, signed at Campo-Formio, the 26th Vendémiaire, in the 6th year (October 17th, 1797), between the French Republic and the Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia. Secret article or additional convention to the Treaty of Campo-Formio (PDF)
  9. ↑ Fragment on the correct assessment of the German national spirit at the end of the 18th century , Mülhausen 1798, pp. 28–29 Google book search
  10. ↑ Caude Roberjot (1752-1799); Envoy of the Council of Five Hundred to the Rastatt Congress; Roberjot was murdered near Rastatt at the end of the congress in 1799
  11. ^ Précis du plan général des indemnités fait par le ministre Roberjot. Karl Obser (Hrsg.): Political correspondence Karl Friedrichs von Baden . Part 3, 1797-1801, Heidelberg 1893; No. 176, p. 132, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  12. ^ Internet portal Westphalian history accessed on January 23, 2016
  13. ↑ Supplements to the protocols of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation in Regensburg , first volume (Supplements I to C), Regensburg 1803, Seventh and Eighth Supplements, p. 24 in the Google Book Search
  14. ↑ Karl Obser (Ed.): Political Correspondenz Karl Friedrichs von Baden. 1801–1804 , part 4, Heidelberg 1896, pp. 190–191, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  15. ^ Minutes of the Extraordinary Reich Deputation to Regensburg , Volume 1, Regensburg 1803 (Third Session - September 8, 1802, pp. 54–55) in the Google Book Search
  16. ↑ Karl Obser (Ed.): Political Correspondenz Karl Friedrichs von Baden. 1801–1804 , part 4, Heidelberg 1896, p. 232 ff., Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  17. ↑ s. Since p. 84
  18. ↑ Main conclusion of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation of February 25, 1803 . ( Wikisource )
  19. ^ Text of the Reich report on the main conclusion of the Reich Deputation
  20. ↑ documentarchiv.de
  21. ↑ Protestant areas in the southern Jura also belonged to the Hochstift Basel
  22. ↑ s. Friedrich Kuhn: The school ordinance of the Bishop of Basel from May 1, 1783, In: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 1/2012, pp. 79-87
  23. ↑ s. Johann Adam Kraus: Vitus Chapel in Istein . In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 78 (1958), pp. 240/241
  24. ↑ s. Historical-statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Volume 3 Karlsruhe 1806, p. 174
  25. ↑ s. F. Feßenbecker: The end of the "Obervogtei Schliengen" . In: Die Margrafschaft , No. 2, 1956, p. 6; Information for 1806
  26. ↑ for the history of the coat of arms see Günter Mattern: Markgräflerland, Der Baselstab im Gemeindewappen . In: Baselbieter Heimatblätter , Liestal 1979, pp. 396–402
  27. ^ Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Schliengen [Altgemeinde-Teilort] - historical local dictionary of Baden-Württemberg
  28. ^ Historical-statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 3. Karlsruhe 1806, p. 174
  29. ^ Regional information system of Baden-Wuerttemberg (LeoBW): Mauchen [Altgemeinde-Teilort] - historical local dictionary of Baden-Wuerttemberg
  30. ^ Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Altingen [Wüstung] - historical local dictionary of Baden-Württemberg
  31. ^ Regional information system for Baden-Wuerttemberg (LeoBW): Steinenstadt [Altgemeinde-Teilort] - Historisches Ortlexikon Baden-Wuerttemberg
  32. ^ Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Istein [Altgemeinde-Teilort] - Historical local dictionary of Baden-Württemberg
  33. ↑ s. Dietschi
  34. ^ A grandson of the Grand Duke Karl Friedrich
  35. ↑ s. Kraus p. 16 online
  36. ^ Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Huttingen [Altgemeinde-Teilort] - Historisches Ortlexikon Baden-Württemberg
  37. ↑ s. Schülin p. 392

Coordinates: 47 ° 45 ′ 20 "  N , 7 ° 34 ′ 38"  E