Neuenfels Castle
| Neuenfels Castle | ||
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 Neuenfels Castle |
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| Creation time : | around 1300 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Place: | Muellheim- Britzingen | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 49 '5.9 " N , 7 ° 41' 17.2" E | |
| Height: | 595.1 m above sea level NN | |
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The Castle Neuenfels is the ruin of a nobility castle about 1500 meters southeast of Britzingen, a district of Müllheim in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg .
Geographical location
The ruins of the Spornburg are located on a mountain spur 595.1 meters above sea level in the immediate vicinity of Badenweiler , but on the boundary of the Britzingen district of Müllheim. The castle site is at the western end of the mountain spur. The castle was protected on three sides (north, west and south) by steep slopes. To the east, access was made difficult by a deep ditch .
Across the blackness between Britzingen and Badenweiler, the castle ruins can be reached after a 30-minute walk with an altitude difference of 164 meters.
history
The Spornburg was probably built around 1300 by the Lords of Neuenfels, first mentioned in 1343 and has been in ruins since 1540. It never had a military meaning, but was used as a residential building. During the Middle Ages, the Lords of Neuenfels, who have been recorded as "de Nuwenfels" since 1307, exercised a variety of functions in the surrounding region, for example as bailiffs of Badenweiler, mayors of Neuchâtel, bailiffs of Rötteln, and abbots of St. Trudpert , as a judge or as a priest here and there. But it didn't make them rich. There is simply not a single document for a service as Abbot of St. Trudpert, a Jörg von Neuenfels is the only one to be found in the documents as custus; Custos, not dept.
In 1346 the Neuenfelsers sold the castle to Count Imer von Strassberg , who, as Lord of Badenweiler, helped to shape Badenweiler 's coat of arms. The von Neuenfels received the castle from the von Straßberg again as a fief . Since then, the lords of Neuenfels were servants of the respective owners of the Badenweiler estate. The last representative of the von Neuenfels family, Christoph von Neuenfels, sold the forest around the castle to the municipality of Britzingen in 1538. He then lived in Freiburg in the Schiffstr. 7 that he had acquired. In 1547 he married Rosa Snewelin von Landeck in Freiburg Christoph von Neuenfels died in 1550, his widow on July 31, 1603.
The violent death of Christoph von Neuenfels is mentioned in many descriptions of the Neuenfels castle ruins. There is only one source for this violent death, the stock book of Peter Kaltenbach (approx. 1572 - 1635). Peter Kaltenbach was Vogt of Britzingen from 1603 until his death. About 70 years after the death of Christoph von Neuenfels, in 1622, Peter Kaltenbach begins to write the stock book. In a separate chapter he describes "memorable things and events that have happened in the Vogtey Britzingen over the past 100 years."
In the Britzinger Chronicle by Pastor Herbst from 1841, the entry from the stock book is reproduced:
“ Safe as you count 1540, Christoph von Neuenfels was miserably murdered at night in Neuenfels Castle with his housewife, a daughter, two maids and other servants, and was only found on the third day. They are buried in Britzingen. "
The legend of the trained mastiff, which is said to have fetched food for the Neuenfelsers from the surrounding villages, probably came about later.
It is noticeable that Kaltenbach does not give an exact year for this decisive event. For all other events of the 16th century that Kaltenbach describes in the camp book, the exact year is given. For all other events from this time, Kaltenbach describes the persons concerned or gives their names. Kaltenbach gives no indication of the people who found the murdered. How did you know they were murdered at night? There is also nowhere a reference to where these eight people are buried in the Britzingen cemetery or in the church.
However, it is documented that Christoph von Neuenfels had bought a house in Freiburg and that he married in Freiburg in 1547. In 1538 Christoph von Neuenfels sold the forest around the castle to the municipality of Britzingen. He no longer had any property in and around Britzingen. The castle was not his property either. Why should he live in Britzingen when he has his own house in Freiburg? Taking all these circumstances into account, it is unlikely that Christoph von Neuenfels was murdered at Neuenfels Castle around 1540.
description
The castle complex was box-shaped with rounded corners and had an extension of about 30 by 9 meters and had no keep . The moat and remains of the wall can still be seen from the castle, reaching a height of up to 12 meters. However, it can be assumed that the renovations carried out in 1904, 1926, 1936, 1954, 1973 and 1991–1994 made changes to the original structure. The wall thickness is a little over 2 meters, with the endangered east side being reinforced in a wedge shape up to 4.50 meters. As far as the castle complex is concerned, I did a lot of research and also found some information, such as maps ...... The castle complex was cartographically proven to be at least 3 times as large. To the left of the "iron tip" there was a "T-piece" in the masonry (mapped), which clearly indicates a higher load at this point. Baron Reichlin von Meldegg reports in his "Memories of a Baden Official" about a tower and a drawbridge ...... why should an official at the time report something that does not exist?
Legends and stories
16th century morality
In the Middle Ages, castles are rich in legends and stories. This also includes Neuenfels Castle, which gave rise to a morality in 1540. Knight Christoph had trained a mastiff to fetch meat from the village of Britzingen in a basket every day. One day, however, the animal did not arrive in the village, so someone ran to the castle to see that it was all right. The knight and his wife, his children, the servants and the mastiff were found dead in their own blood in the courtyard. This criminal case was never solved. Therefore, none of the heirs was interested in the further use of the castle, so that it fell into disrepair from 1540. Not only Christoph had a daughter named Maria ...... his brother Hans Erhard also had a daughter named Maria; this Maria married Lux von Reischach and founded the Reischach-Neuenfels line. In this line, the castle and estates of Auggen are verifiably managed for over 2 generations (Oberbadisches gender book); Goods which, according to the documents, have already been sold several times before .......
The white woman
Neuenfels Castle is also the setting for the legend The White Maiden and the Shoemaker . A shoemaker is approached by a white maiden on the castle ruins and asked for redemption, for which he would be given a rich treasure. The journeyman cobbler screwed up his chance and the maiden was not saved.
This legend is also the basis for the historical novel by Harald Gritzner "The secret of the white woman from Neuenfels".
Todays use
The ruin is now a popular hiking destination. A prepared viewing platform with an orientation table on the battlements of the castle offers a wonderful panoramic view of the Markgräflerland , including a beautiful view of the castle of Badenweiler and the blue one opposite . On a clear day, the view extends from the Swiss Jura to the suburbs of Freiburg .
literature
- Matthias Heiduk: Britzingen (Müllheim, FR). In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz : The castles in medieval Breisgau, II. Southern part: half volume AK . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 105-114.
- Gustav Faber : Badenweiler - A piece of Italy on German land . Verlag Karl Schillinger Freiburg, 2nd edition 1981, ISBN 3-921340-17-9 .
- Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
- Art.Therms.Wine. Voyages of discovery through the Markgräflerland, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 1st edition 2006, ISBN 3-89870-273-1 .
- Siegfried Büche: Paradise on the Upper Rhine - a travel area for motorists . Verlag Herder, 10th edition, Freiburg 1974, ISBN 3-451-16602-X .
- Ernst Scheffelt: The Neuenfels - near Badenweiler: History of a small castle , Poppen & Ortmann publishing house, 1954
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1901, fifth volume - Lörrach district; Pp. 130-132 online
- Julius Kindler von Knobloch : von Neuenfels. In: Oberbadisches Geschlechtbuch , Heidelberg 1919, Volume 3, pp. 202-203 and 204-205 (family tree) online
- Eduard Christian Martini: The Neuenfels. In: Schau-ins-Land, Volume 2 (1874/75), pp. 19–20, 26–27, 45–47 and 53–54 online at Freiburg University Library
- Christian Adolf Müller: II. Badenweiler and its surroundings. The Lords of Neuenfels and their castle In: Das Markgräflerland, 1973, special issue Burgen und Schlösser, pp. 32–33 (with a drawing) digital copy of the Freiburg University Library
- Gustav Wever: Badenweiler and its surroundings - represented topographically, historically and medically; with two views, a plan of the Roman baths, a panorama of the Alpine chain and a map of the area , Verlag Fr. Wagner, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1854, pp. 73-75 online at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
- Chr. Phil. Herbst: Chronicle of Britzingen in the Grand Duchy of Baden , Freiburg i.Br. 1841, pp. 14-27 online in the Google book search
Web links
- Neuenfels Castle at badische-seiten.de
- Entry on Neuenfels Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Entry Burg Neuenfels (desert) on Discover culture online - leobw
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Lords of Neuenfels are first documented in 1303 as citizens of the city of Neuchâtel
- ↑ s. Heiduk p. 111
- ^ Elmar Vogel and Dieter Maier: The end of the gentlemen of Neuenfels . In: Geschichtsverein Markgräflerland eV (Hrsg.): The Markgräflerland . tape 2016 . Schopfheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-932738-70-8 , pp. 197 .
- ^ City of Freiburg i.Br. (Ed.): Historical description of the city of Freiburg i.Br. tape 1 . Rombach, Freiburg 1978, ISBN 3-7930-0105-9 , pp. 239 (first edition: Fr. Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Freiburg im Breisgau 1891).
- ↑ The end of the Lords of Neuenfels . S. 197 .
- ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book . tape 3 . Heidelberg 1919, p. 205 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
- ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book . S. 205 .
- ↑ s. Heiduk p. 6
- ↑ Faber, p. 158 and Büche, p. 87
- ↑ Johann Jakob Schneider : Das Badische Oberland , Lörrach, 1841, p. 18 digitized
- ^ Joseph Waibel, Hermann Flamm (editor): Sagen Freiburgs und des Breisgau, J. Waibel-Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1899, pp. 223-224 in the Internet Archive
- ↑ Harald Gritzner: The secret of the white woman from Neuenfels . 123-Z-Verlag, Badenweiler 2014, ISBN 978-3-944041-02-5 .