Kandern

Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Freiburg
County :	Loerrach
Height :	352 m above sea level NHN
Area :	62.27 km 2
Residents:	8249 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	132 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	79400
Area code :	07626
License plate :	LÖ
Community key :	08 3 36 045
LOCODE :	DE KQN
City structure:	6 districts
; City administration address :	Waldeckstrasse 39 ; 79400 Kandern
Website :	www.kandern.de
Mayoress :	Simone Penner (independent)
Location of the city of Kandern in the Lörrach district

Kandern (Alemannic Chander or Chandre ) is a small town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

location

Kandern is located in southwest Germany, at the foot of the Black Forest . To the north of Kandern, the Blauen (also Hochblauen ) represents the end of the Kandertal; this is also where the source of the Kander is located . Not far from the source, the Lipplepass leads into the Kleine Wiesental to Tegernau .

The Westweg , a hiking trail from Pforzheim to Basel , runs through Kandern .

Neighboring communities

Clockwise (starting from the north): Malsburg-Marzell , Steinen , Lörrach , Wittlingen , Rümmingen , Schallbach , Efringen-Kirchen , Bad Bellingen and Schliengen .

City structure

Kandern nestled in the Kandertal, in the background the Hochblauen

The Sausenburg from the north-west

The city of Kandern consists of the seven districts of Feuerbach , Holzen, Kandern, Riedlingen, Sitzenkirch, Tannenkirch and Wollbach with the city of Kandern and 26 other villages, farms and houses. The districts are spatially identical to the earlier municipalities of the same name, their official designation is made by prefixing the name of the city and the name of the respective district connected by a hyphen. The districts also form residential districts within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code and, with the exception of the Kandern district, localities within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code, each with its own local council and mayor as its chairman.

In the Kandern district are the lost castles, Feste Burg, Burgberg and Sausenburg, as well as the desolation of Minderkandern. The Adilboldshofen desert is located in the Sitzenkirch district. In the district of Tannenkirch are the town of Uttnach, which has been dissolved in Tannenkirch, and the deserted areas of Fronhausen, Niederinningen and Oberinningen. In the Wollbach district are the deserted areas of Gryfebwiler, Kriegshus, which may have been a predecessor of Egisholz, and Rüttihof. (→ Ringwall Am burned Buck )

history

Archaeological finds show that the area of today's Kandern was already settled in prehistoric , Celtic and Roman times. Presumably it was the clay deposits that made the place attractive for a settlement back then. The name Kandern is a Germanic education and means lying on the Kander . The name of the Kander itself - the stream that flows through Kandern - comes from the Celtic kander for shiny .

The oldest known written mention as Cancer took place on December 5, 776 in a document from the Lorsch Codex on the occasion of the donation of a Lantsuint and their sons Richbert and Zenzo to the Lorsch Monastery . Kandern is also mentioned in other documents of the Codex. At the same time , the annals of the monastery record iron deliveries from Kandern, which accordingly had importance for Kandern as early as the 8th century. Iron mining and processing shaped the place throughout the Middle Ages and ensured a certain prosperity and limited freedom.

Kandern grew out of originally three localities:

Kandern, located in the area of the Evangelical Church,
Minder-Kandern in the Lippisbach valley, near today's swimming pool, and
a settlement in the flat valley floor of the Kander near the paper mill.

Several monasteries had properties in the area and thus determined Kandern's early history. Central to this was the St. Gallen Monastery in today's Switzerland , which as a powerful imperial abbey acquired large estates in the region in the early Middle Ages. Weakened by the defeat in the investiture dispute , the St. Gallen Monastery had to cede its possessions to other monasteries in the region, including the St. Alban Monastery in Basel .

Kandern was the main town of the Landgraviate of Sausenberg , which came to the Margraves of Baden in 1503 .

In the battle of Schliengen on October 24, 1796, the fighting extended to Kandern, which was captured in the evening by Austrian troops under General Nauendorf .

Death of General Friedrich von Gagern in battle near Kandern in 1848

Memorial stone for those who fell on the Scheideck

Various markets have been held in Kandern since 1802. The Kandermer "Rossmärt", a horse market, which, combined with equestrian events, became known beyond the immediate area, became particularly well known. In 1810 the town was granted town charter by the Grand Duke of Baden, although the town then had only a little more than 1,300 inhabitants. In addition, the city became the seat of a district office , which was dissolved again in 1819.

In 1848 a battle between Baden revolutionaries under Friedrich Hecker and Hessian troops under Friedrich von Gagern took place on the Scheideckpass near Kandern , during which Gagern killed but the revolutionaries were defeated (see battle on Scheideck ).

Until 1972 Kandern belonged to the district of Müllheim and after its dissolution came to the district of Lörrach . Today's city was re-formed on March 1, 1974 by the merger of the city of Kandern with the previously independent communities of Feuerbach, Holzen, Riedlingen, Sitzenkirch, Tannenkirch and Wollbach.

Religions

The Reformation was introduced in Kandern - as in the entire margraviate of Baden-Durlach - in 1556. Since then, the city has been predominantly evangelical .

Districts

Feuerbach

Feuerbach was first mentioned in 1275 in the Liber decimationis of the Diocese of Constance . The village had been owned by the Order of St. John since 1297 , but came to the Margraves of Hachberg through various intermediate owners in 1470 . In 1503 the place came with the entire margraviate to Baden .

Wood

Holzen was first mentioned in a document in 1249.

Riedlingen

The earliest documented mention of Riedlingen comes from the year 972, but grave finds indicate a settlement in the early Halemannic period.

Sitzenkirch

Sitzenkirch was first mentioned in a document in 1120 when it belonged to the St. Blasien monastery .

Tannenkirch

Tannenkirch was first mentioned in a document in 1179. The village of Tannenkirch is divided into the districts of Tannenkirch, Ettingen, Gupf and Uttnach. Due to its location on the southern edge of a hill and the moderate (almost Mediterranean ) climate with a high proportion of sunshine and little rainfall, it is an ideal place for wine-growing. In order to bring the tradition of viticulture closer to visitors, a wine trail was set up. Tannenkirch has its own kindergarten and elementary school.

Wollbach

Wollbach was first mentioned in a document in 767. The village of Wollbach is divided into the districts of Wollbach, Hammerstein , Egisholz , Nebenau and Egerten .

The churches of the districts

politics

Municipal council

In addition to the mayor as chairman, the municipal council has 21 members (2014: 18). The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 63.2% (2014: 51.3%):

Party / list	Share of votes	Seats	2014 result
CDU	24.8%	5	28.1%, 5 seats
Free voters	32.1%	7th	35.4%, 7 seats
SPD	20.2%	4th	18.3%, 3 seats
GREEN	22.9%	5	18.2%, 3 seats

Kandern's coat of arms on the Blumenplatz

Street with church in Kandern by August Macke

Birthplace of Johann August Sutter

mayor

around 1848: Johann Jakob Kammüller
until 1957: Wilhelm Stump , SPD
1957–1966: Friedrich Kiefer, independent
1966–1974: Otto Rausch, SPD
1974–1989: Erwin Fünfgeld, CDU
1989–1996: Karl-Friedrich Klein, independent
1996–2013: Bernhard Winterhalter, CDU
2013–2020: Christian Renkert, CDU
since 2020: Simone Penner, non-party

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: "A red jug (lidded jug) in gold."

Town twinning

Due to the common pottery tradition, Kandern has had a partnership with Soufflenheim in Alsace in France since 1985 .

Culture and sights

Museums

Kandern has a local history and ceramic museum . There is also a copy of the “Golden Pig of Kandern”, a drinking vessel as an animal figure that the Baden Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach donated to the Kandern forester's house in 1605. The jar holds approx. 1.5 liters. At that time the welcome book was created, in which everyone who drank from the sow had to sign.

Buildings

Blumenplatz: a market square framed by largely uniform, classicist row houses

Johann August Sutter's birthplace in the former paper mill

From the 13th century Sausenburg , the old ring wall and individual remains of the wall are still there today.

The Protestant town church shows a good example of Friedrich Weinbrenner's classicism . His student Christoph Arnold acted as the architect of the building from 1825-27. The tower stands on the front, but is indented so that only the spire protrudes from the nave. The front shows a monumental arched niche, which u. a. has the main entrance ready. Also remarkable is the interior, which was divided into three naves by two rows of columns. Thanks to this concept, the interior can be counted among the most beautiful works of Weinbrenner classicism.

The Catholic Church of St. Franz von Sales from 1860/61 is the only Catholic church in the city and its districts.

Economy and Infrastructure

Kandern train station, terminus of the Kandertal Railway and the location of various old railway cars

Flower place

Kandern, Waldeckstrasse area

Bohner ore was mined in Kandern until the 19th century . Today this dismantling is no longer economically viable.

Due to its clay deposits, Kandern is still considered a pottery town, even if the large companies such as Tonwerke Kandern and Fayence-Manufactur Kandern GmbH no longer exist. Well-known ceramists worked here (see personalities).

traffic

Kandern is a junction of three country roads. The L132, L134 and L135 cross in the urban area, with the L134 (Kandertalstrasse) 14 km away from the Binzen / Dreispitz junction of the federal highway 98 , with connection to the federal highway 5 and the federal highway 3 . You can also get to Lörrach via the Lucke or via the Wittlinger Höhe to the Haagen district of Lörrach .

The Chanderli Museum Railway currently runs on the route of the former Kandertal Railway to Haltingen . The museum railway depot is located in Kandern and can be visited. However, one initiative aims to integrate this route into the network of the regional S-Bahn.

education

The August Macke school center houses a secondary school and a secondary school . There is also a primary school in the city center and in Tannenkirch . In Wollbach, in addition to a special needs school, there is also a branch of the Kandern primary school. There are also two municipal and two Protestant kindergartens as well as a private kindergarten with Waldorf education .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Ernst Friedrich Fink (* 1806; † 1863), Protestant clergyman
Carl Mez (* 1808; † 1877), industrialist and politician (member of the Frankfurt National Assembly , member of the state parliament in Baden )
Johann August Sutter (* 1803; † 1880 in Washington, DC), also known as "Emperor of California", American-Swiss settlement pioneer and founder of the Californian capital Sacramento
Karl Berner (* 1863; † 1941), teacher, writer, poet
Johann Michael Brodhag (born June 29, 1766, Kandern; † June 18, 1837 Lörrach), Dr., physician, official physician

Personalities who have worked on site

Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), doctor and medical pioneer, practiced in Kandern from 1850 to 1853
Albert Eisele (1890–1971), teacher and local researcher
Paul Hübner (1915–2003), painter and writer
August Macke (1887–1914), expressionist painter who painted some passages in Kandern
Max Böhlen (1902–1971), painter who lived and painted in Kandern-Egerten since 1939
Max Laeuger (1864–1952), ceramist who worked in Kandern, art professor and garden architect
Richard Bampi (1896–1965), ceramist and painter who worked in Kandern
Horst Kerstan (1941–2005), ceramist who worked in Kandern
Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner (1939–2011), Austrian writer and philosopher
Konrad Winzer (* 1955), sculptor
Christian Lais (* 1963), German hit , pop and folk musician from Kandern in the Black Forest

literature

Volker G. Scheer: Kandern. City since 1810. Events, people and pictures of Kandern's city history since the city elevation and well-known and significant people from the earlier history of Kandern , Todtnauberg: Scheer, 2nd expanded and supplemented edition 2006, 520 pages, 367 illustrations, ISBN 3-00 -016504-5

Adolf Kussmaul: ninth book. In Kandern. In: childhood memories of an old doctor. Stuttgart, 1899, pp. 449–495 Digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library

Giselher Haumesser: On the history of Kandern and its suburbs. In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 2/1990, pp. 5–25, digitized version of the Freiburg University Library

Individual evidence

↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
↑ General statutes of the city of Kandern from October 1, 2001 (PDF; 71 kB)
^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg region Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 843-848
↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2679, December 5, 776 - Reg. 1320. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 203 , accessed on January 15, 2018 .
↑ List of places for the Lorsch Codex, Kandern , Archivum Laureshamense - digital, Heidelberg University Library.
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 521 .
↑ Preliminary results of the 2019 municipal council elections at the State Statistical Office
^ City of Kandern - city tour. Retrieved April 8, 2014 .
↑ badische-zeitung.de/kandern/kandern-als-vorreiter-fuer-die-s-bahn--101755577.html
↑ Horst Kerstan. Retrieved April 8, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Kandern - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Kandern - Travel Guide

Official website of the city
Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Kandern - archive material
Kandern: Pictures & local history
The Evangelical City Church on an architecture site