Georg Friedrich von Martens

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Georg Friedrich von Martens, copper engraving by Heinrich Schwenterley (1808)

Georg Friedrich von Martens (born February 22, 1756 in Hamburg , † February 21, 1821 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German natural and international law expert , diplomat and publicist .

Life

Martens studied in Goettingen jurisprudence and was in Wetzlar , Regensburg and Vienna trained on. From his student days in Göttingen is a silhouette in the silhouettes collection Schubert received. As confirmed by Piter Poel in his memoirs, he belonged to the Hamburg Landsmannschaft in Göttingen. In 1780 he received his doctorate and in 1782 he completed his habilitation in Göttingen. In 1783 he was appointed associate professor and in 1784 full professor of natural and international law in Göttingen.

Martens was raised to the nobility in 1789.

From 1808 to 1813 he held the post of State Councilor of the Westphalian Kingdom in Kassel and, from 1810, that of President of the Finance Section.

In 1814 he was appointed secret cabinet councilor by the King of Hanover and in 1816 as an envoy to the Bundestag.

Works

Martens was the first to develop a system of positive international law based on an empirical research method . Therefore, the collection and publication of international treaties became the focus of his work: Recueil des principaux traités d'alliance, de paix, de trêve, de neutralité, de commerce, de limites, d'échange , etc. His main work is the "Recueil des traités" (Göttingen 1791–1801, 7 volumes and 4 supplementary volumes. 1802–1808), the “Recueil manuel et pratique de traités” (Göttingen 1817–1842, 16 volumes.) Beginning in 1761 and the “Nouveaux suppléments” (Göttingen 1839 –1843, 3 volumes and registers, 2 volumes).

Another continuation is Friedrich Wilhelm August Murhard's Nouveau recueil général des traités continued by Karl Friedrich Samwer and Julius Hopf (Göttingen 1840–1875, 20 volumes with general register up to 1874; 2nd series, das. 1876–1886, 10 volumes).

Other writings:

  • Précis du droit des gens modern de l'Europe. 1789.
  • Introduction to the positive European international law based on treaties and tradition. Göttingen, 1796 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Attempt at a historical development of the true origin of the bill of exchange law. 1797 ( digitized version ).
  • Tales of strange cases of the new European international law. 2 volumes. 1880-1802.
  • Cours diplomatique. 3 volumes. Berlin 1801.
  • Outline of a diplomatic history of European state trade and peace agreements since the end of the 15th century. Berlin 1807.

literature

  • Gustav Poel (ed.): Pictures from bygone times. Part I: Piter Poel and his friends , Hamburg 1884
  • Walter habenicht: Georg Friedrich von Martens, professor of natural and international law in Göttingen. A biographical and international law study. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1934 (preliminary work on the history of the Göttingen University and Library; 14).
  • Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart :  Martens, Georg Friedrich von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 461-467.
  • Manfred Friedrich:  Martens, Georg Friedrich von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 269-271 ( digitized version ).
  • Volker Külow : Marx 'excerpts from Georg Friedrich Martens' "Outline of a Diplomatic History". Notes on the place of the Göttingen Historikerschule in the historiographical work of Karl Marx . In: Marx-Engels research reports. 6. Karl Marx University Leipzig, Leipzig 1990, pp. 132-146. Digitized
  • Martti Koskenniemi: Into Positivism: Georg Friedrich von Martens (1756-1821) and Modern International Law. In: Constellations 15 (2) .
  • Robert Figge: Georg Friedrich von Martens. His life and his works. A contribution to the history of international law , Gleiwitz 1914.

Web links

Commons : Georg Friedrich von Martens  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Georg Friedrich von Martens  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Law in Göttingen: Göttingen lawyers from 250 years published by Fritz Loos, p. 139 online in the Google book search
personal data
SURNAME Martens, Georg Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Martens, George Frédéric de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German diplomat and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1821
Place of death Frankfurt am Main