1756

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1756
Maximilian III Joseph issues the Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis .	Johann IX. Philipp von Walderdorff becomes Archbishop and Elector of Trier .
The Seven Years War in Europe begins.
1756 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1204/05 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1748/49 (turn of the year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1161/62 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2299/2300 (southern Buddhism); 2298/99 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	74th (75th) cycle Year of the Fire Rat丙子 ( at the beginning of the year Wood Pig 乙亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1118/19 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4089/90 (2-3 October)
Iranian calendar	1134/35 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1169/70 (turn of the year 25/26 September)
Jewish calendar	5516/17 (September 24/25)
Coptic Calendar	1472/73 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	931/932
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2066/67 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2067/68 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1812/13 (turn of the year April)

events

Politics and world events

Seven Years War in Europe

• January 16: Frederick II , King of Prussia , and George II of Great Britain conclude the Westminster Convention . In the guarantee agreement negotiated by General Hans Karl von Winterfeldt , the two contracting parties undertake to oppose the invasion and marching of troops of other countries through the Electorate of Hanover and to maintain peace in Germany.
• May 1st: Reversal of alliances : France under King Louis XV. , hitherto allied with Prussia, turns to the previous opponent Austria after the Westminster Convention and the two powers conclude the Treaty of Versailles . The defensive alliance in the event of an Austro-Prussian war is threaded by the Austrian Chancellor Wenzel Anton Kaunitz through Ludwig's mistress Madame de Pompadour .
• August 29th: 70,000 Prussian soldiers march into the Electorate of Saxony and occupy Dresden on September 10th . With that the Third Silesian War begins .
• October 1: In the Battle of Lobositz , the Prussians under Frederick the Great defeat the Austrian army under Maximilian Ulysses Browne .
• October 13th: During his march from Lobositz to Saxony, Friedrich II receives news of the appearance of the Austrian relief army.
• October 14th: Saxon troops break out across the Elbe in Saxon Switzerland . The Saxon commander-in-chief Friedrich August Graf Rutowski negotiates the surrender conditions.
• October 16: The Saxon army under Count Friedrich August Rutowski is forced to surrender to the Prussian troops after the siege at Pirna in the Seven Years' War .
• October 17 and 19: Saxon battalions are forced into the Prussian army in Pirna . Ten new regiments are formed from 18,500 Saxon soldiers.
• October 18: The Swedish archipelago fleet is established. General Augustin Ehrensvärd is used as commander . The modern galley fleet is a reaction to Sweden's inferiority in the last Russo-Swedish War .
• In November the Prussian army was distributed to the winter quarters and Friedrich II stayed in the Palais Brühl in Dresden.

The war in the colonies in Asia and America

• June 19: The Nawab of the Bengali principality of Murshidabad , allied with the French in the Third Carnatic War , conquers Calcutta from the British.
• August 15: Seven Years' War in North America : The French capture the British Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario .
• September 8: Kittanning , a main Lenni Lenape village on the Allegheny River in present-day Pennsylvania, is destroyed by the British Pennsylvania militia under John Armstrong .

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

• February 16: Johann IX. Philipp von Walderdorff becomes Archbishop of Trier and thus elector at the same time . He succeeds Franz Georg von Schönborn , who died on January 18 .

Elector Maximilian III. Joseph issues the civil code Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus Civilis ( CMBC ) for Bavaria . The work, comprising four parts and over 800 paragraphs, has been entirely developed by Wiguläus von Kreittmayr and has been the legal basis for civil law in the Duchy of Bavaria for many decades .

Other events in India

• Suraj Mal from the ethnic group of the Jats becomes Maharajah of Bharatpur in northwest India.

South East Asia

• April: Borommakot , King of Ayutthaya in Siam , has his eldest son and Crown Prince Thammathibet tortured to death for numerous offenses.

The golden letter

• May 7th: The Burmese King Alaungpaya from the Konbaung dynasty writes three other letters to the British King George II , in which he offers the British a trading post on the Burmese coast. The letter is made of pure gold and decorated with 12 rubies. Today it is in the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library in Hanover.

Festivity in which Paravicini is surrounded by local rulers

In the Treaty of Paravicini , 48 rulers from West Timor and the nearby islands of Solor , Roti , Sawu , Sumba agree an alliance with the Dutch East India Company , which at that time is in a struggle with Portugal for supremacy in the region. The driving force behind the contract and namesake is the Dutch diplomat Johannes Andreas Paravicini . The political division of the island of Timor , which still exists today, is cemented.

business

State control

King Friedrich II. On one of his inspection trips, inspects the potato cultivation

• MARCH 24: The King of Prussia , Frederick II. , Filed with the potato command the potatoes in Silesia on. In Pomerania , the cultivation of potatoes was ordered a few years earlier.
• In Portugal , for the first time in the world, a wine-growing region , the Alto Douro wine region , is legally defined and protected. The port wine producer Real Companhia Velha is founded.

Business start-ups and liquidations

Moskowskije Vedomosti , first edition

• The first non-state newspaper in Russia , Moskowskije Vedomosti, appears at the Lomonosov University in Moscow, which was founded last year .
• The Serbian brewery Apatinska pivara is founded.
• Johann Christoph Voigtländer founds the Voigtländer company to manufacture optical instruments.
• The moral weekly Der Freund ceases to appear after around two years.

science and technology

• The Royal Prussian court dentist Philipp Pfaff publishes the first book on dentistry in German.
• The Swedish mineralogist Axel Frederic Cronstedt discovered the group of substances called zeolites .
• Invention of closed ovens that decisively improve the production of coke

Culture

Architecture and fine arts

• July 30th: The architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli presents the renovated Catherine Palace in Tsarskoe Selo to the Russian Tsarina Elisabeth .

• The Gohliser Schlösschen , presumably built by Friedrich Seltendorff on behalf of the Leipzig councilor Johann Caspar Richter on the property of Richter's wife Christiana Regina in the baroque style, is being built, but the interior work is being delayed for cost reasons.
• The statue of Saint Nepomuk and Maria is erected in front of the old town hall in Timisoara .
• The École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon is founded.

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1756

• The new book is Idyllen by Salomon Gessner .

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1756

• MARCH 11: The Thunder Ode of Georg Philipp Telemann has with great success its premiere in St. Jakobi in Hamburg. The text comes from the Copenhagen court preacher Johann Andreas Cramer . The impetus for the composition was the earthquake in Lisbon last year.

Portrait of Mozart in the 1st edition

• Leopold Mozart published an attempt at a thorough violin school in Augsburg .
• The Peter Theater is founded in Moscow .

society

• On the night of October 31st to November 1st, Giacomo Casanova managed to escape from the lead chambers of the Doge's Palace in Venice .

religion

• March 1: Pope Benedict XIV publishes the encyclical Ex quo . In it he called on the Greek Catholic Christians to promote and spread the use of the new Euchologion of 1754. In this encyclical , Benedict XIV goes into great detail about the extensive editorial activity that took place over several years and describes the extensive changes compared to the Byzantine rite .
• October 16: With the encyclical Ex omnibus christiani , Pope Benedict XIV answers a letter from the French bishops' conference from the previous year. He praises her loyalty to the Holy See and assures her of his personal protection and the support of the whole Church.

Disasters

• FEBRUARY 18: The earthquake zone Cologne bay is from the earthquake in Düren shaken, one earthquake of intensity 6 almost in the center of today's Düren . Two people are killed and there is severe devastation. The tremors can be felt in almost all of Central Europe.
• October 7th: The St. Mark's Flood on the North Sea causes around 600 deaths in the area of ​​the Elbe .

Born

First quarter

• 0January 1: Christina von Brühl , German landscape architect († 1816)
• 0January 3: Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve , French revolutionary († 1794)
• 0January 6: Gaspare Landi , Italian painter († 1830)
• January 10: Benjamin Smith , American politician († 1826)
• January 14: Joseph Marius von Babo , German writer († 1822)
• January 19: Michel Gaudin , French finance minister († 1841)
• January 19: Guillaume-Antoine Olivier , French doctor and zoologist († 1814)
• January 21: Claude François Chauveau-Lagarde , French lawyer († 1841)
• January 21: Jean-Antoine Constantin , French painter and draftsman († 1844)
• January 22nd: Vincenzo Righini , Italian composer and singer († 1812)

Mozart's baptism entry on January 28, 1756

• January 27: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , composer from Salzburg († 1791)
• January 29: Henry Lee , American cavalry officer, major general and politician († 1818)

• 0February 5: Mathias von Flurl , Bavarian professor and founder of Bavarian mineralogy and geology († 1823)
• 0February 6: Aaron Burr , American politician and US Vice President († 1836)
• 0February 7: Johann Heinrich Michael Andresse , Prussian lawyer († 1824)
• 0February 9: Karel Blažej Kopřiva , Czech composer († 1785)
• February 12: James Schureman , American politician († 1824)
• February 17: Johann Christian Gottlieb Ackermann , German doctor († 1801)
• February 19: Ignaz Kober , Viennese court organ builder († 1813)
• February 27: Johann Jakob Cella , German lawyer († 1820)
• February 27: Heinrich XLVII. Reuss zu Köstritz , Prussian District President († 1833)
• February 29: Christian Frederik Hansen , Danish architect († 1845)

• 0March 3: William Godwin , English writer († 1836)
• 0March 4: Henry Raeburn , Scottish portrait painter († 1823)
• 0March 4: Joshua Seney , American politician († 1798)
• 0March 5: Nathaniel Alexander , American politician († 1808)
• 0March 6: Beda Aschenbrenner , German professor of canon law and abbot († 1817)
• March 16: Jean-Baptiste Carrier , French revolutionary († 1794)
• March 18: Johann Christoph Vogel , German composer († 1788)
• March 22nd: Caspar Zeller , Bavarian entrepreneur († 1823)
• March 24th: Franziska Lebrun , née Danzi, German opera singer († 1791)

Second quarter

• 0April 1: Paul Wolfgang Merkel , Franconian MP from Nuremberg in the Bavarian State Parliament († 1820)
• 0April 6: Epaphroditus Champion , American politician († 1834)
• April 13: Louis VI. Henri Joseph , Prince of Condé († 1830)
• April 15: Johann Eberhard Walcker , German organ builder († 1843)
• April 22nd: Francisco Javier Castaños , Spanish duke and general († 1852)
• April 23: Jean Nicolas Billaud-Varenne , French revolutionary († 1819)
• April 23 (baptized): Alexander Reinagle , American composer († 1809)
• April 26: Carl Ignaz Geiger , German lawyer, writer and radical educator († 1791)

• 0May 1: Niklaus Wolf von Rippertschwand , Swiss farmer and healer († 1832)
• 0May 7: Philipp Jakob Scheffauer , German sculptor († 1808)
• May 12: Maria Pellegrina Amoretti , Italian lawyer († 1787)
• May 15: Gottlieb Lebrecht Spohn , German educator, philologist and Protestant theologian († 1794)
• May 27: Maximilian I Joseph , Elector or King of Bavaria († 1825)
• May 30: José Custódio de Faria , Portuguese priest († 1819)

• 0June 6: John Trumbull , American artist († 1843)
• June 20: William Richardson Davie , American politician († 1820)
• June 20: Joseph Martin Kraus , German composer and Kapellmeister († 1792)
• June 25: Karl Friedrich am Ende , Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal († 1810)

Third quarter

• 0July 2: Christian Gottfried Körner , German editor, friend of Schiller's († 1831)
• 0July 6th: Franciscus-Antonius de Méan , last Prince-Bishop of Liège († 1831)
• July 22nd: Jeanne de Saint-Rémy , French nobleman and mastermind of the so-called collar affair († 1791)
• July 26th: Maria Fitzherbert , first wife of the future King George IV of Great Britain († 1837)

• 0August 1: Pierre Louis Prieur , French politician († 1827)
• August 11: Jonathan Robinson , American politician († 1819)
• August 12: François de Beauharnais , French nobleman († 1846)
• August 12: William Tilghman , American lawyer and politician († 1827)
• August 14: Olof Åhlström , Swedish composer († 1835)
• August 19: Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre , French general († 1793)
• August 29: Heinrich von Bellegarde , Austrian general and statesman († 1845)
• August 29: Jan Śniadecki , Polish mathematician and astronomer († 1830)

• 0September 2: Carl Englerth , Prussian mine owner and mayor († 1814)
• 0September 4: Christen Pram , Norwegian author († 1821)
• September 12: Jonathan Mason , American politician († 1831)
• September 15: Karl Philipp Moritz , Westphalian early Romantic writer († 1793)
• September 22: Claude-Victor de Broglie , French politician and general († 1794)
• September 22: Philipp von Hertling , German lawyer († 1810)
• September 23: John Loudon McAdam , English road pioneer († 1836)

Fourth Quarter

• 0October 2: Józef Javurek , Czech pianist, conductor and composer († 1840)
• 0October 9: John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham , British officer and politician († 1835)
• October 23: François Chabot , French politician († 1794)
• October 23: Thomas Legler , Swiss politician († 1828)
• October 24: Hartwig Johann Christoph von Hedemann , German major general († 1816)
• October 26: Dmitri Dochturow , Russian general of the Napoleonic Wars († 1816)

• 0November 3: Pierre Laromiguière , French philosopher († 1837)
• 0November 8: Christian Gottlieb Friedrich Stöwe , German Protestant clergyman and astronomer († 1824)
• November 11: Josef Martin Hurka , Czech composer and cellist († after 1800)
• November 23: Christian Jacob Wagenseil , Bavarian writer, educator and publicist († 1839)
• November 30th: Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni , German natural scientist († 1827)

• 0December 3: Aaron Ogden , American politician († 1839)
• 0December 7th: Ernst Wilhelm Cuhn , German librarian and historian († 1809)
• 0December 8: Jacob Georg Christian Adler , orientalist and theologian († 1834)
• 0December 8: François-Antoine Boissy d'Anglas , French politician († 1826)
• 0December 8: Maximilian Franz of Austria , Austrian Archduke and Archbishop of Cologne († 1801)
• December 10: Friedrich Franz I , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin († 1837)
• December 10: Peleg Sprague , American politician († 1800)
• December 16: Tommaso Arezzo , Italian cardinal († 1833)
• December 26: Bernard Germain Lacépède , French naturalist and first Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor († 1825)
• December 30th: Paul Wranitzky , Austrian composer and conductor of the Wiener Klassik († 1808)
• December: Sophie Albrecht , German actress and writer († 1840)

Exact date of birth unknown

• Johann Josef Adrians , Lord Mayor of Freiburg († 1827)
• Chrystian Piotr Aigner , Polish architect († 1841)
• William Beloe , British writer, translator and editor († 1817)
• John Kean , American politician († 1795)
• Mikhail Matwejewitsch Sokolowski , Russian composer († around 1796)
• George Truitt , American politician († 1818)

Died

January to April

• January 14: Johann Christoph Ungewitter , German Reformed theologian (* 1681)
• January 16: Jakob Jehoschua Falk , Chief Rabbi of Frankfurt am Main and Lemberg and Talmudist (* 1680)
• January 18: Franz Georg von Schönborn , elector and archbishop of Trier, prince abbot of Prüm, prince-bishop of Worms and prince provost of Ellwangen (* 1682)
• January 25: Christian Vater , German organ builder (* 1679)
• January 30th: Johann Caspar Delius , founder of the entrepreneurial dynasty of the same name in Bielefeld (* 1693)

• 0February 1: Marie-Auguste von Thurn und Taxis , Duchess of Württemberg (* 1706)
• 0February 7th: Sepé Tiaraju , leader of the Guaraní in South America against the Portuguese and Spanish colonial rule (* around 1720)
• 0February 9: Jacob Carl Stauder , Austrian painter (* 1694)
• February 13: Johann Gebhard , Bavarian painter (* 1676)
• February 15: Asmus Ehrenreich von Bredow , Prussian lieutenant general and governor of Kolberg (* 1693)
• March 11th: Johann Deodat Blumentrost , Russian medic (* 1676)
• March 19: Giuseppe Avitrano , Neapolitan composer and violinist (* around 1670)

• 0April 3: Anton Ospel , Austrian architect and builder (* 1677)
• April 10: Giacomo Antonio Perti , Italian church musician and composer (* 1661)
• April 15: Johann Gottlieb Goldberg , German harpsichordist and organist (* 1727)
• April 16: Jacques Cassini , French astronomer and geodesist (* 1677)
• April 18: Anna Adelheit Catharina von Bartensleben , German Countess (* 1699)

May to August

• 0May 5th: Johann Heinrich Hartung , German publisher and printer owner in Königsberg (* 1699)
• 0May 9: Auguste zu Mecklenburg , German princess and mystic (* 1674)
• May 18: Marie Eleonore von Anhalt-Dessau , Princess Radziwiłł and Duchess of Nieswicz and of Olyka (* 1671)
• May 30: Christian Ludwig II , Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (* 1683)
• May 30: Gottfried Heinrich Krohne , German architect (* 1703)

• 0June 6: Michael Karl von Althann , Count of Goldburg and Murstetten, Archbishop of Bari and Bishop of Waitzen (* 1702)
• 0June 8: David Matthieu , German portrait painter (* 1697)
• June 18: Benjamin Gottlieb Gerlach , German educator and author (* 1698)
• June 19: Erdmuthe Dorothea von Zinzendorf , German countess, pietist and hymn poet (* 1700)
• June 22nd: Hans Jacob Rietmann , Mayor of St. Gallen (* 1677)
• June 28th: Armand II. François Auguste de Rohan-Soubise , French prince of the church, Bishop of Strasbourg and Grand Almosenier of France (* 1717)
• June 28: Domingo Ortiz de Rozas , Spanish officer and colonial administrator, governor on the Río de la Plata and in Chile (* 1683)

• July 10: Jean François Gaultier , French doctor and naturalist (* 1708)
• July 17th: Johann Friedrich Starck , Prussian Lutheran theologian, pietistic author of edification (* 1680)
• July 19: Johann Joachim Schröder , German orientalist, librarian, Reformed theologian and church historian (* 1680)
• July 27th: Marie Sallé , French dancer (* around 1707)
• July: Carlo Ricciotti , Italian violinist, composer and opera director (* 1675)

• 0August 8: Louise of Denmark , Duchess of Saxony-Hildburghausen (* 1726)
• August 13: Antoine Maurice the Elder , Franco-Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1677)
• August 18: Erdmann Neumeister , German poet and theologian (* 1671)
• August 31: Franz Anton Ebner , Salzburg painter (* around 1698)

September to December

• 0September 1: Emanuel Wohlhaupter , Bohemian painter (* 1683)
• 0September 3: Johann Friedrich Christ , German archaeologist and art historian (* 1701)
• 0September 9th: Ami Lullin , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1695)
• September 10th: Filippo Balatri , Italian singer, castrato and monk (* 1682)
• September 11th: Johann Nicolaus Frobesius , German mathematician and philosopher (* 1701)
• September 19: Josef Antonín Sehling , Bohemian composer and violinist (* 1710)

• October 10: Gerrit Corver , regent of Amsterdam (* 1690)
• October 26: Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière , French naval officer, governor of New France and promoter of scientific research (* 1693)
• October 26: Johann Theodor Roemhildt , German composer and cantor (* 1684)

• November 13: Johann Michael Doser , German artist, wood carver and sculptor (* 1678)
• November 28: Georg Behrmann , German businessman and playwright (* 1704)
• November 30th: Johann Jakob Zimmermann , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1695)

• 0December 4: Amand von Buseck , Prince-Bishop in Fulda (* 1685)
• December 11th: Theodor von Neuhoff , German adventurer and King of Corsica (* 1694)
• December 11: Maria Amalia of Austria , Electress of Bavaria and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (* 1701)
• December 16: Balthasar König , German organ builder (* 1684)
• December 27: Barbara Christine von Bernhold , Hessian Countess and mistress and confidante of two landgraves (* 1690)
• December 27th: Peter Karl Christoph von Keith , Prussian military and personal page of Crown Prince Friedrich, later King Frederick the Great (* 1711)

Exact date of death unknown

• Joseph Abeille , French architect (* 1673)
• Bernardus Accama , Dutch painter (* 1697)
• Ali I. al-Husain , Bey of Tunis
• Johann Wolfgang von der Auwera , Würzburg sculptor (* 1708)
• Aaron Hart , Great Rabbi of the United Kingdom and Rabbi of the Great Synagogue of London (* 1670)
• Procopio Serpotta , Sicilian sculptor and plasterer (* 1679)
• Thammathibet , Thai poet and viceroy of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya
• Catherine Tofts , English soprano (* around 1685)

See also

• 1756 Dresden , a large panorama picture in a Dresden gasometer showing the city of Dresden in 1756

Web links

Commons : 1756  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• Austrian newspapers from 1756 in AustriaN Newspaper Online (ANNO) of the Austrian National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Coking technology and iron smelting. ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.