Euchologion

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Byzantine liturgical scroll, 13th century

Euchologion (Eὐχολόγιον) is the name of the liturgical book of various Eastern Churches , which includes all or part of those prayers that bishops and presbyters have to say as presidents of church services. In the West, the sacramentary corresponds to it , in Armenia the Maštoc ' . According to the external form it is either a codex or a series of scrolls ( rotulus , Kontakion ).

A Byzantine Μικρὸν Eὐχολόγιον ("Little Euchologion") contains the texts for the celebration of the sacraments other than the Eucharist. It corresponds to the occidental ritual .

The Euchologion of the Armenians is called Maštoc ' .

Historical

Manuscripts

Only a few complete Euchologies are known from the Old Church, in particular a collection from the 4th century from Egypt, which is attributed to Bishop Serapion of Thmuis , the so-called "Serapion Euchologion" (Codex unicus: Athos, Megisti Lavra Monastery 149 / B 29 , 12th century). Late antique fragments of Euchologies can be found in large numbers, direct quotations in Book VIII of the Apostolic Constitutions (around 380).

The oldest surviving Euchologion of the Byzantine liturgy is the so-called "Euchologium Barberinum S. Marci": the manuscript Barberinus Graecus 336 (formerly: III 55) of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana . A similarly old but fragmented Greek Euchologion was discovered in 1975 in the Sinai monastery: Codex Sinaiticus gr.NE MΓ 53.

The “Barberinum S. Marci” (Cod. Barb. Gr. 336) is the southern Italian ( Calabrian ) copy of a Constantinopolitan Patriarchal Euchologion from the late 8th century (after 787) expanded to include Middle Eastern ( Melkite ) materials. Long forgotten, the manuscript reappeared for the first time as part of the book purchases of Niccolò Niccoli († 1437), and with his estate it came to the library of the Dominican monastery of San Marco in Florence and from there to Cardinal Francesco Barberini in Rome in 1639 . There it was used in the preparation of a Euchologion print requested by King Philip IV for Byzantine southern Italy, which was canceled in 1645 without result .

The oldest known manuscript of a Euchologion copied at the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is the Codex Paris, BnF, Coislin 213 (1027). The Euchologies Crypt belong to the same review. Γ.β.I (13th century), Athens. EBE 662 (late 13th century) and Moscow, GIM, Synod. gr. 261 (279 / CCLXVI) (mid-14th century).

Simeon von Trier carried a Byzantine Palestinian Euchologion (before 1030, lost today) with him.

The oldest Slavic Euchologion is the Euchologium Sinaiticum (Cod. Sinaiticus slav. 37 / O + 1 / N) in Glagolitic script from the 11th century.

Prints

The first print of a Greek-Byzantine Great Euchologion for worship purposes appeared in Venice in 1545 (not 1526) (numerous other Venetian prints up into the 19th century). Pope Benedict XIV obtained the first Catholic print edition in Rome in 1754 ; Benedict's encyclical Ex quo provides information about the editorial history of several years and not a few changes to orthodox custom . In the typography of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the first print of the Euchologion appeared in 1803, the most recent Greek Orthodox edition for liturgical use in Athens in 2014.

The oldest, for a long time the only scientific edition (with a Latin translation and commentary) that is still useful today is the publication by Jacques Goar OP (1647).

literature

  • Maxwell E. Johnson: The prayers of Sarapion of Thmuis (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 249); Rome: Pont. Is. Orientale, 1995; ISBN 88-7210-307-X .
  • Stefano Parenti - Elena Velkovska: L'Eucologio Barberini gr. 336 (Bibl. Eph. Lit. Subs. 80); CLV; Rome: Ed. Liturgiche, 2000 2 ; ISBN 88-85918-99-9 . 3rd edition: Евхологий Барберини гр. 336. Издание текста, предисловие и примечания Елены Велковской - Стефано Паренти. Omsk: Golovanov 2011. 512 pp. ISBN 978-5-9902610-5-1 .
  • Stefano Parenti: L'eucologio slavo del Sinai nella storia dell'eucologio bizantino ; Filologia Slava 2; Rome: Seminario del Dipartimento di Studi Slavi e dell'Europa centro-orientale. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 1997; Without ISBN.
  • André Jacob: La mise en forme de l'euchologe dans l'Italie méridionale. Quelques observations , In: Estudios bizantinos 3 (2015) 29–43.
  • Charbel Nassif: L'euchologist melkite depuis Malatios Karmé († 1635) jusqu'à nos jours. Les enjeux des évolutions d'un livre liturgique , Diss. Paris [Institut Catholique] 2017.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German translation of the Serapion Euchologion .
  2. ^ Jürgen Hammerstaedt : Greek anaphore fragments from Egypt and Nubia (Papyrologica Coloniensia 28). Opladen 1999.
  3. ↑ C. Kanavas: L'Eucologio MG 53 (Sec. IX) del Monastero di S. Caterina del Sinai. Diss. [Masch.] Rome (PIO) 2013, unprinted.
  4. ^ André Jacob: De Florence à Rome: le dernier voyage de l'Euchologist Barberini . In: Νέα ΄Ρώμη 11. 2014, 445–454; S. Parenti: Annotazioni sul trasferimento da Firenze a Roma nel 1639 del Barberini gr. 336 . In: Segno & Testo 16 (2018) 435–444.
  5. ↑ Euchologion , Constantinople 1803
  6. ↑ Euchologion to Mega . Papademetriou, Athens 2014, ISBN 978-960-550-153-2