Ex quo

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Ex Quo ( Latin : Since ...) refers to an encyclical by Pope Benedict XIV. It dates from March 1, 1756, bears the subtitle “About the Euchologion” and is addressed to the Greek bishops , priests and members of religious and secular orders . He urged the Greek Catholic Christians to promote and spread the use of the new Euchologion of 1754. In this encyclical, Benedict XIV goes into great detail on the extensive editorial work that has lasted for several years and describes the extensive changes compared with the Greek Orthodox rite .

Initially, Benedict XIV stated that the present purpose of this encyclical was to provide information about the work and corrections to the Greek Euchologion. The work was based on a long-term study by the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide and has now been completed with the publication of a new edition. He called for old and incorrect editions to be stopped and for them to be destroyed.

The next section is the appreciation of the great work; the names of doctors of the church , scholars , popes and clergymen who were actively involved in the creation of the corrected Euchologion were thus listed. The Pope also reported on the editorial, conceptual and theological difficulties within the congregation and the working groups. The commission of experts met for eighty-two sessions and in 1754 the first Roman Catholic edition of the Greek Euchologion was able to appear in Rome. It was also decided to keep manuscripts of the older editions in the Vatican library .

Benedict XIV also performed four exhortations :

  • First exhortation : priests must learn to use the Euchologion and maintain conformity with canon law . The liturgical rites and sacraments must be complied with and observed in accordance with the decretals of the Roman Catholic Church. He called on the bishops to monitor this admonition and to ensure that it is observed. Regarding apostolic succession , he explains in the second part of the exhortation that the name of the Pope should be included in the mass prayers in front of the hierarchically structured bishops. For the Greek rite, he went into the customs of the Eastern Churches of naming the emperor , king or prince in intercessory prayers .
  • Second admonition : In this the ritual offering ( oblation ) of wine and bread by deacons , priests and bishops becomes the subject, since it was interpreted differently. He also handled the procession with the consecrated bread and wine inside and outside the sanctuary . Third, the Pope addresses the question of when bread and wine should be considered blessed (before or after the Holy Walk ). He concluded the second admonition by resolving that no changes will be made in this regard.
  • Third exhortation : With the memory of the sacrament of the "Last Unction" he explained its meaning and underlined the necessity. He also went into the recipient and donor, presented theological disputes and explained ritual acts.
  • Fourth admonition : This part deals with the use of "unclean things, foods or objects that have come into contact with them"; the Pope describes the differences between the Greek and Latin rites. He distanced himself from these pagan considerations and the conclusion that there is no sin if one has come into contact with so-called “unclean things”.

In conclusion, Benedict XIV addressed a number of other controversial points. For example, on the question of whether a woman during menstruation the Church enter or Holy Communion should receive. He rejected the Greek interpretation and stated that a woman in this "natural phase" can of course enter the church and receive communion.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ z. B .: The Euchologoin, published in 1646, is the most detailed of all Slavic and Greek rituals. [1]

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