Johann Joachim Schröder

Johann Joachim Schröder (born July 6, 1680 in Neukirchen (Knüll) , † July 19, 1756 in Marburg ) was a German orientalist , librarian , Protestant theologian and church historian .

Life

The son of the merchant, councilor and church elder Johann Christoph Schröder and his wife Judit geb. Funck, the daughter of the mayor of Neukirchen, attended grammar school in Hersfeld when she was thirteen . In 1698 he moved to the University of Marburg , where he studied philosophy and theology. He also attended lectures at the philosophical faculty with Georg Otho (1634–1713), Johann Georg Brand (1645–1703), Maximilian Percelli (1648–1703), Valentin Riemenschneider (1628–1724) and Samuel Andreae (1640–1699) . On the theological faculty, his teachers were Philipp Johann Tilemann (1640–1708), Johannes Lorentz Croll (1641–1709), Thomas Gautier (1638–1709) and Christian Ludwig Mieg (1668–1740).

Since he had developed a special fondness for the oriental languages, he went to Job Ludolf in Frankfurt am Main , where he studied the Ethiopian and Armenian languages. At the expense of his sovereign, he completed a scholarly trip in 1705, which took him to the University of Utrecht , where he read the remarks of Hermann Alexander Roëll , Melchior Leydecker (1642–1721), Heinrich Pontanus (1653–1714) and above all Adrian Reland (1676–1714). 1718) persecuted. After traveling on to the University of Amsterdam , he visited Wilhelm Surenhus (1666–1729) and had received numerous suggestions from various learned Jews to further develop his language studies. It turned out to be favorable that the two Armenian bishops Thomas Golthanensis († around 1708 in Amsterdam) and Lukas Nurigianides stayed in Amsterdam.

From these he learned to expand his language skills in Armenian . He wanted to travel to the Orient with Thomas Golthanensis. Since he fell ill in Amsterdam, Schröder traveled to Moscow in 1707 to wait for Golthanensis to continue his journey to the Orient. In Moscow he familiarized himself with Russian customs, language, religion and education. Since he was denied access to the Orient due to the death of his travel companion, he returned to Amsterdam in 1709, where, after further studies of the Armenian language, he began to write an Armenian grammar. Returning to Kassel, he went on a trip to England with the support of his sovereign. In London , at Cambridge University and at Oxford University , he met the country's most important orientalists.

On his return to Germany he traveled via Amsterdam, where he published his Armenian grammar in 1711 under the title Thesaurus linguae Armenicae . In 1713 his sovereign appointed him professor of oriental languages and church history at the University of Marburg, where soon afterwards he also took over the professorship of Hebrew antiquities and the university librarianship. During that time he made sure, among other things, that the Müllerische Universitätsbuchdruckerei had access to almost all typesetting in the oriental languages. In 1737 he became an associate professor of theology and in 1746 took over the management of the education department in Marburg, which functions he exercised until the end of his life.

His main work is the "Thesaurus linguae Armenicae antiquae et hodiernae" , in which he writes about the age, history and grammar of the Armenian language and also gives excerpts from Armenian literature. In addition, Schröder wrote many philological and church-historical treatises.

family

Schröder was married twice. His first marriage was on May 14, 1715 with Catherina Christiane († February 20, 1718), the daughter of Ludwig Conrad Geise in Neukirchen . The marriage remained childless. His second marriage was in 1718 with Marie Amalie, the daughter of the metropolitan in Ziegenhain, Salomon Berthold . There are four sons and six daughters from the marriage. From the children we know:

• Nikolaus Wilhelm Schröder (August 22, 1721 in Marburg; † May 30, 1798 in Groningen) 1743 ao. Professor of Oriental Languages ​​Marburg, 1745 o. Professor of Oriental Languages ​​and Greek at the University of Groningen, university librarian a. Inspector of Latin Schools ibid.
• Ludwig Konrad Schröder (born October 8, 1724 in Marburg, † October 25, 1801 in Groningen) 1761 professor of nature and international law at the University of Groningen
• Johann Wilhelm Schröder (born June 15, 1726 in Marburg; † March 8, 1793 ibid) Professor of Oriental Languages ​​and Hebrew Antiquities, and Professor of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Marburg
• Philipp Georg Schröder (April 21, 1729 in Marburg; † March 14, 1772 ibid.) 1754 Prof. med. Rinteln, 1763 Prof med. Marburg and royal personal physician to the elector
• Anne Marie Dorothea Schröder († young)
• Gertrud Elisabeth Schröder († young)
• Marie Christine Schröder
• Susanne Christiane Schröder
• Esther Amalie Schröder married with the pastor in Kirchenhain Christian Gerhard Duising
• Catharine Elisabeth married with the professor of rhetoric and poetics in Marburg Johann Nikolaus Funck

Works

• Mourning cypresses, or last memory of honor by Th. H. Neubert's Preacher zu Hülse. Marburg 1702
• Diss. Inauguralis de Abrahami risu. Marburg 1703
• Thesaurus linguae Armenicae, antiquae et hodiernae. Amsterdam 1711
• Progr. De Patriarcharum, et separatim Josephi, laudibus, ad aud. sub ejus praesidio orationem hebraicam JW Schoenfeld, Neukirch. Hate. da vita et rebus gestis Jacobi Patriarchae. Marburg 1713
• Progr. De veritatis studio etc. Marburg 1714
• Diss. De rebus Armenicis ad J. Chamberlaynium. Marburg 1714
• Diss. De ruto ardente et non comburente (ad Exod. 3, 1 sqq). Marburg 1714
• Diss.historica de cereorum diurnorum in ecclesiis christianis origine et usu. Marburg 1715
• Diss. De annis Achasiae, Judaeorum Regis, ad concilienda loca 2 Reg. 7, 26 et 2 Chron. 12, 2nd Marburg 1715
• Diss. Philol. Critica de primaeva lingua Ebraica. Marburg 1716
• Diss. I et II de natura linguae Ebraicae. Marburg 1716-1717
• Diss. Historia de haeresi Audianorum. Marburg 1716
• Theses philosophicae miscellaneae. Marburg 1716
• Diss. De precibus Hebraeorum. Marburg 1717
• Diss. De haeresi Apollinaristica. Marburg 1717
• Diss. De Nebuchadnetsare, Chaldaeorum Rege. Marburg 1719
• Diss. Hist. Eccles. de Nethinaeis. Marburg 1719
• Diss. I et II de Pseudoprophetis. Marburg 1720
• Diss. Ad locum difficillimum Genes. 4, 23. 24. de Lemecho homicida ejusque vindicta. Marburg 1721
• Theses selectae ex antiquitalibus ebraicis. Marburg 1722
• Diss. Philol. De hortis veterum Ebraeorum. Marburg 1722
• Diss. Ad locum Judic. 15, 4. 5. de vulpibut Simsonis b, l. from Simson's Foxes. Marburg 1723
• Diss. De Azazelis hirco ejusque ritibus ac mysterio. Marburg 1725
• Progr. Quo publicatum est festum saeculare secundum Acad. Marb. Marburg 1727
• Progr. In obitum Catharinae Christianae, JS Kirchmeieri Theologiae D. et Prof. coni. Marburg 1727
• Veterum Poëtarum Graecorum poëmata aut poëmatum. . . selecta, eo consilio nuno denuo digesta, ut juveatuis non unum, sed plerosque omnes Poëtas Graecos, quorum quidem scripta supersunt, mature cognoscere possit. Marburg 1733
• Orationes veterum Oratorum Graecorum selectae. Marburg 1734
• Hypomnemata historiae ecclesiasticae a Christo nato secundum saeculorum ordinem digesta, et in usum auditorii sui edita. Marburg 1737
• Diss. Da veterum Ebraeorum primogenitis et eorum praerogativis maxime sacerdotio. Marburg 1741
• Diss. Theologico - philologica de Urim et Tymmim in Pontificis Ebraeorum pectorali positis, in qua errores veterum et recentiorum indicantur et refutantur, vera sententia exponitur et de-monstratur, varia Sacrae Scripturae loca, inprimis Exod. 28, 30. 39, 8 sqq. Levite. 8. 8. Num. 27, 21st Deut. 83, 8. 1 Sat. 28, 6. 30, 7. Hos. 3, 4 etc. solid vindicantur et explicantur, totumque argumentum in clara luce collocatur. Marburg 1744
• Theses selectae ex antiquitalibus Ebraicis. Marburg 1745
• Progr. Ad audiend. orationem inauguralem JG Kraft. Marburg 1745
• Progr. In funere Jo. Borelli, Med. D. Marburg 1747
• Progr. Ad eligendum novum Prorectorem acad. Marburg 1748
• Positionas miscellaneae ex antiquitatibus ebraiois depromtae. Marburg 1748

literature

• Friedrich Karl Gottlob Hirsching : Historical literary handbook of famous and memorable people who lived in the eighteenth century. Verlag Schwickert, 1808, vol. 11, 1st department, p. 162 ( online )
• Heinrich Doering : The learned theologians of Germany in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Verlag Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, 1835, Neustadt an der Orla, vol. 4, p. 32, ( online )
• Friedrich Wilhelm Strieder: Basis for a Hessian scholar and writer story. Verlag Griesbach, Kassel, 1802, vol. 13, p. 230 ( online )
• Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried:  Schröder, Johann Joachim . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 519.
• Schröder, Johann Joachim. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 35, Leipzig 1743, columns 1221-1224.
• Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Publisher Gerhard Fleischer d. J., Leipzig, 1812, vol. 12, p. 452 ( online )
• Hans Günther Bickert: The Armenologist Johann Joachim Schröder. Life and work of an important scholar from the Schwalm. A sketch . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (ZHG) 116 (2011), pp. 163–195.

Web links

• Schröder, Johann Joachim. Hessian biography. (As of March 22, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).