Jacob Georg Christian Adler
Jacob Georg Christian Adler (also Jakob Georg Christian Adler ; * December 8, 1756 in Arnis near Kappeln , Schleswig ; † August 22, 1834 in Giekau near Lütjenburg ) was a Danish-German general superintendent for Holstein and Schleswig , orientalist , professor of the Syrian language at the University of Copenhagen , Protestant theologian , senior consistorial councilor , writer , educator , coin collector and chairman of the board of the Schleswig-Holstein Bible Society .
biography
Among other things, Adler received private lessons from his father, who was pastor in Arnis from 1755 to 1758 and in Altona from 1759 . In Altona he attended the Christianeum , then he studied theology at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel and Orientalia with Oluf Gerhard Tychsen at the University of Bützow (Mecklenburg) and Rostock . From 1780 to 1782 he traveled to Italy, France, Holland and Belgium. On this trip he stayed in Rome for 15 months and received lessons from Egyptian monks in Coptic and learned Arabic ; At large European libraries , especially in Rome, he devoted himself to researching Greek and Oriental, especially Syrian, Bible manuscripts . He wrote two books about his travels and stays.
After his return, Adler became professor of Syriac in Copenhagen in 1783, preacher at the German Friedrichskirche in Copenhagen in 1785 , professor of theology in 1788 and German court preacher in 1789. He then worked as General Superintendent of Schleswig from 1792 and, after the death of his colleague Johann Leonhard Callisen in 1806, also of Holstein. In this function he wrote the Schleswig-Holstein Church Agende, published in 1797 and shaped by the theology of the Enlightenment .
Adler wrote numerous scientific works, including on the ancient Syriac and ancient Arabic script. He was a doctor of philosophy and from 1833 of (Protestant) theology. One of his most important achievements was the school reform in Schleswig-Holstein.
family
Jacob Georg Christian Adler was the son of the theologian, archaeologist, archaeologist and author Georg Christian Adler (1724-1804) and his wife Johanna Elisa Schultze (1729-1806). In addition to Jacob Georg Christian, the couple had five other children.
Jacob Georg Christian Adler was married twice: on December 8, 1787, he married his confirmation candidate Dorothea Maria Lorck (* July 12, 1772; † March 18, 1804), the daughter of his predecessor, who died in 1785 as a German preacher in Copenhagen, the Bible collector Josias Lorck . She was related to both Caspar Aquila and to Matthias Claudius through her grandmother Birte / Brigitta von Lutten . Her ancestor Maria Lorck, born in 1566, was also an ancestor of Johannes Brahms and Theodor Storm . He had nine children with her, including:
- Sophia Amalia (1789–1827) ⚭ Friedrich Seestern-Pauly
- Georg Josias Stephan Borgia (born October 29, 1792)
- Friedrich August (born September 3, 1794)
On July 16, 1805, Adler entered into a second marriage with Luise Dorothea Lederer (1775-1844). The son Karl Ferdinand (born August 24, 1808) comes from the second marriage.
Works
- Collection of judicial Jewish contracts. Hamburg / Bützow 1773; 2nd edition Altona 1792.
- JVDAEORVUM CODICIS SACRI RITE SCRIBENDI LEGES E LIBELLO THALMVDICO MASSECHET SOPHERIM IN LAT. CONVERSAS. Hamburg 1779.
- Facsimilia of Kufic Koran manuscripts of the Kgl. Library in Copenhagen with a study of the development of Arabic writing. Copenhagen 1780.
- MVSEVM CVFICUM BORGIANVM VELTINA , vol. I. Rome 1787, vol. II, Copenhagen 1792.
- NOVI TESTAMENTI VERSIONES SYRIACAE, SIMPLEX PHILOXENIANA ET HIEROSOLYMITANA. Copenhagen 1789.
- Annals of Abu l-Fida - editor of the edited by JJ Reiske a. translated work (5 vols.), Copenhagen 1789–1795.
- (Detailed) description of the city of Rome (4 volumes). Carl Ernst Bohn, Kiel 1781.
- Travel notes on a trip to Rome (363 pages), edited by his brother Johann Christoph Georg Adler. Altona 1783.
Secondary literature
- Gustav Bickell : Adler, Jacob Georg Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 85 f.
- August Hennings (?): Schleswig-Holstein church agenda . In: The Genius of Time . Volume 13, 1798, pp. 369-375.
- August]. H [ennings] .: Schleswig Holstein church agendas . In: The Genius of Time . Volume 15, 1798, pp. 404-405.
- August]. H [ennings] .: Invitation to pay attention to a secret, and perhaps still generally unrecognized reason for the agende {disputes in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein} . In: The Genius of Time . Volume 15, 1798, pp. 1-7.
- The ancestors of the general superintendent A. In: Series of publications of the Association for Schleswig-Holstein Church History . Rh. 2, Vol. 5, 1910-1913, p. 213 ff.
- Anton Baumstark : History of Syrian Literature […] 1922, p. 144.
- OV Arends: Gejstligheden i Slesvig og Holsten fra Reformationen til 1864. Personalhistoriske Untersogelser . Copenhagen 1932.
- Dansk biografisk Leksikon , Vol. I. 1933, p. 129 ff.
- F. Rosenthal: The Aramaic research since the 20th century. Nöldeke's publications. Leiden 1939, p. 144 f.
- Joh. W. Fück: The Arab studies in Europe up to the beginning of the 20th century , 1955, p. 218 (fn. P. 557).
- Hans Striedl: Adler, Jakob Georg Christian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 70 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Kurt Galling (Hrsg.): Religion in the past and present - concise dictionary for theology and religious studies . (6 volumes). Tübingen 1957–1962; RBd. 1965, part I, p. 96 f.
- Walter Kasper et al. (Ed.): Lexicon for theology and church . 3rd edition, Freiburg 1993 ff., Vol. I, 148 f.
- Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclésiastiques . Paris 1912 ff., Vol. I, p. 573.
- Werner Aquila: The descendants of Leonhard Adler later Aquila from Augsburg . Special edition of the Genealogical Yearbook, ed. from the Central Office for Personal and Family History, Vol. 44. Degener & Co, Neustadt / Aisch 2004, ISBN 978-3-7686-3079-5 .
- Georg Biundo : The ancestors of the general superintendent Adler.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: ADLER, Jakob Georg Christian. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 37.
- Veronika Janssen: "Eh, Mr. Pastor, that is a completely new religion!" The Adler church agendas of 1797 between parishes, preachers and authorities . Kiel 2017
Web links
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ See the entry of Jacob Georg Christian Adler's matriculation in the Rostock matriculation portal
- ↑ Chr. Sharp: Description and history of the island and the patch of Arnis. Schleswig 1838, p. 156.
- ↑ Werner Aquila: The descendants of Leonhard Adler later Aquila from Augsburg . Special edition of the Genealogical Yearbook. Published by the Central Office for Personal and Family History, Vol. 44. Degener & Co., Neustadt / Aisch 2004, pp. 91f.
- ^ Review by JB Köhler in General German Library. First piece of volume eight and fifty . Friedrich Nicolai, Berlin / Stettin 1784, pp. 165–172 (retro digitization).
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Adam Struensee |
General superintendent for Schleswig 1792–1834 |
Christian Friedrich Callisen |
Johann Leonhard Callisen |
General Superintendent i. V. for Holstein 1806-1834 (interim) |
Johann Carl Julius Herzbruch |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Adler, Jacob Georg Christian |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Adler, Jakob Georg Christian |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Danish-German Protestant theologian, educator and orientalist |
DATE OF BIRTH | December 8, 1756 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Arnis near Kappeln , Schleswig |
DATE OF DEATH | August 22, 1834 |
Place of death | Giekau near Lütjenburg |