Adam Struensee

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Adam Struensee

Adam Struensee (born September 8, 1708 in Neuruppin , † June 20, 1791 in Rendsburg ) was a German Protestant theologian and general superintendent of Schleswig-Holstein . The doctor, reformer and Danish Minister of State Johann Friedrich Struensee (1737–1772) was one of his sons.

Life

Struensee was the son of Neuruppin town councilors and clothier master Lorenz Struensee (* 1656) and his wife Elisabeth Thomschläger. He received his first training at the city school in Neuruppin. From 1724 he visited the Saldria in Brandenburg an der Havel . In 1727 he studied in Halle , but after the death of August Hermann Francke in 1728 he moved to the University of Jena , where he heard Johann Franz Buddeus . In 1730 he was appointed court preacher to Berleburg . There he married Maria Dorothea (1716–1792), the daughter of the radical Pietist personal physician Johann Samuel Carl . In Berleburg he came a. a. in contact with Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf and Johann Konrad Dippel .

As early as 1732 he left Berleburg to become pastor of the Moritzkirche in Halle and professor at the local grammar school. As in Berleburg he experienced also conflicts between different theological directions, the Lutheran orthodoxy , the Francke pietism , represented by his son- Freylinghausen , and the Moravians August Gottlieb Spangenberg . Struensee remained neutral and gained recognition with it and with his sermons. In 1739 he became Freylinghausen's successor as pastor of the St. Ulrich Church , in 1749 pastor of the Marienkirche and professor at the university , where he lectured on morality and exegesis . On the occasion of his departure he was awarded an honorary doctorate .

After he had turned down several job offers, he accepted the appointment as consistorial councilor and provost in Altona in 1757 . There, too, his administration was characterized by tolerance of religious separatists. From 1759 Struensee was royal general superintendent of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein for more than 30 years. During these decades he tried to keep the Church in his area free from the influence of the Enlightenment . In the spirit of King Friedrich V , he ensured that the pastoral posts were filled with good preachers who were not suspicious of neology . He had the Royal Danish Agricultural Academy of Philipp Ernst Lüders closed again after only four years in 1767 because the pastors' preoccupation with agriculture was too secular in his eyes. At the same time, he promoted the school system and, above all, Standard German as the school and church language. In this he enjoyed the confidence of State Minister Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff , who was dismissed by his son Johann Friedrich Struensee in 1770 as part of his radical Enlightenment reforms.

When Johann Friedrich Struensee was arrested in 1772, his father wrote him a farewell letter. He was in Ulsnis with his wife at the time of his son's execution . His reputation did not suffer from the failure of his son, even if the relationship with the new German Chancellor Andreas Peter von Bernstorff was not that close. After the death of his son, despite his skepticism towards Zinzendorf, he supported the construction of the Herrnhut settlement Christiansfeld , the establishment of which was one of the last orders given by Johann Friedrich Struensee on behalf of Christian VII . Despite his aversion to Enlightenment theology, he gave his consent to the hymn book and catechism written by Johann Andreas Cramer , but the introduction of liturgical innovations was prevented until his death. It was only under his successor Jacob Georg Christian Adler that an enlightened agenda appeared in Schleswig-Holstein.

family

From his marriage in 1732 to Maria Dorothea, the only daughter of the count's personal physician in Berleburg and later Danish judicial advisor Johann Samuel Carl, there are seven children:

  • Sophie Elisabeth Struensee (born April 14, 1733; † 1768), married her cousin Samuel Struensee
  • Carl August Struensee von Carlsbach (born August 18, 1735 in Halle, † October 17, 1804 in Berlin), Prussian Minister of Finance
  • Johann Friedrich Struensee (born August 5, 1737 in Halle, † April 28, 1772 in Copenhagen), doctor, minister of state, reformer and regent in Denmark from 1770 to 1772
  • Samuel Adam Struensee (born October 1, 1739 in Halle; † young)
  • Maria Dorothea Struensee (born March 12, 1744 in Halle; † 1820), married Wilhelm Alexander Schwollmann
  • Johanna Henrietta Struensee (born September 3, 1745 in Halle; † young)
  • Gotthilf Christoph Struensee (* December 12, 1746 in Halle; † April 3, 1829 in Neu-Schönwalde, Elbing district, West Prussia), bank director in Elbing

Works

Especially during his years in Halle, Struensee published a hymnbook that was reprinted 100 years after his death, many sermons and edification pamphlets, but also several letters of defense against a count. Zinzendorf's letter and exegetical works.

  • Jesus, the destroyer of the kingdom of darkness for us and in us, a sermon. Berleburg 1730
  • The difference of converts and. Unconverted, a sermon. Berleburg 1730
  • The kind welcome of a penitent soul to the Lord Jesus; a sermon. Hall 1735
  • The will of God according to the sixth commandment, a sermon. Halle 1735, Altona 1771
  • Simple testimonies of truth to godliness, or catechetical repetitions of some sermons about Sunday and feast day gospels; plus 12 sequels. Hall 1735 - 1744
  • Jesus' tender love for the poor. Hall 1736
  • Martin Luther's Declaration of the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus Christ Matth. 5, 6. 7; with a preface. Hall 1737
  • The fruits of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Halle 1739 (His trial sermon in the Ulrichskirche in Halle)
  • Righteous teachers, as trees of righteousness; Abdication speech by Joh. Anast. Freylinghausen's. Hall 1739
  • Two letters of defense against a count. Zinzendorf letter. Hall 1740
  • Healthy reflections on all Sunday and feast day gospels. 4 parts. Hall 1747–1748. 2nd Edition. 2 parts. Hall 1758
  • A word of admonition and consolation to the heart of a rabbi who has converted to Christ from Judaism. Hall 1749
  • Wholesome truths in 26 sermons on some key lines of scripture. Hall 1750
  • Collection of thorough and edifying writings aimed at righteous Christianity. 1st chapter. Accompanied by a preface, Hall 1752, Part 2. Accompanied by a preface, Hall 1753, Part 3. Hall 1756
  • Diss. De obsignatione Christi. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De obsignatione credentium passiva. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De obsignatione credentium active. Hall 175? (The dissertations were printed together under the title: Commentatio de Obsignatione Jesu Christi et credentium. ) Halle 1754
  • Diss. De gaudio in spiritu sancto. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De morte spirituali. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De transitu a morte spirituali ad vitam spiritualem. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De peccato in regenitis remanente. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De perfectione renatorum. Hall 175?
  • Diss. De collisione officiorum Christianorum. Hall 175?
  • Instruction to uplifting preaching; published for the use of his academic lectures. Hall 1756
  • Funeral speeches and commemorative sermons, given on various occasions, etc. Halle 1756
  • The comforted mind of a righteous man in distress and death; Memorial sermon on Psalm 27: 1 by SJ Baumgarten. In: his memory of honor, pp. 39–66 (Hall 1757)
  • The final request of a parting teacher; Farewell sermon. Hall 1757
  • Dissection of the sermons and speeches he gave at Altona. 3 years Altona 1758-1760.
  • Sermon of joy because of the sovereignty introduced in the Kingdom of Denmark. Altona 1760
  • Johann Arnd's, former general superintendent of the Principality of Lüneburg, six books on true Christianity, together with the same Paradisgärtlein with new invented (52) coppers and explanations of the same, as well as newly prepared prayers, and a preface. Hall 1760, 1763
  • Explanation of the letter to the Hebrews; which on the royal. Friedrichsuniversität zu Halle previously presented to its academic audience, etc. Flensburg 1763
  • Explanation of the letter to the Galatians. Flensburg 1764
  • Academic presentations on theological morality based on the royal. Friedrichsunivers. formerly held at Halle, etc. Flensburg 1765
  • Nine little theological treatises. Altona 1765
  • Funeral sermon, which on the day of the corpse confirmation of the dead bones of the king of Denmark resting in God etc. Majesty, Frederick the V, most glorious souvenir, held March 18, 1766 in the castle church of Gottorf etc. Altona 1766
  • An ordination speech of the religious form of an evangelical teacher.
  • Biblical instruction for the establishment and consolidation in true Christianity via the Sunday and Holiday Gospels, and some key sayings. Hall 1768
  • A prayer and communion book. Hall 17 ??

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nadja Stulz-Herrnstadt: Berlin bourgeoisie in the 18th and 19th centuries: Entrepreneur careers and migration. Families and social circles in the capital of Brandenburg-Prussia. The elders of the corporation of merchants in Berlin. Walter de Gruyter Publishing House. Berlin / New York, 2002. Page 68. ISBN 3-11-016560-0 .
  2. ↑ * December 17, 1719 in Brandenburg, father businessman Samuel Struensee, mother Marie Dorothea Maaß, Gymn. Brandenburg-Saldria, Uni. Halle, ordained in 1744 as field preacher in the infantry regiment of the Duke of Würtemberg, 1754–1771 Sup. And court preacher St. Gotthard Brandenburg, † January 30, 1771 (Source: Evangelical Pastor's Book for the Mark Brandenburg since the Reformation . Volume 2, p. 869)
  3. ↑ Newly established Evangelical Lutheran hymn book, which, according to the order of salvation, contains the Christian doctrines and duties of life, for use by all Evangelical Lutheran communities in the Saalcraises and the County of Manßfeld, Magdeburg's Highness, on Königl. Most gracious order under the supervision of HE Stadtmnisterii in Halle anjetzo reissued and mostly from the former Halle and Eislebischen Stadtgesangbuch, partly from other approved hymn books with the most exact examination compiled by Adam Struensee, former public. Prof. der Gottesgl. On the Königl. Prussia. Friedrich University, Past. To Ortisei and the Gymnasti to Halle Scholarcha. Hall, 1768
predecessor Office successor
Jeremias Friedrich Reuss General superintendent for Schleswig
1760–1791 		Jacob Georg Christian Adler
Jeremias Friedrich Reuss
(as general superintendent for Holstein royal share) 		General superintendent for Holstein royal share
1760–1784 		Struensee continued to serve in the extended official area
Friedrich Franz Hasselmann
(as general superintendent for Holstein ducal portion) 		General superintendent for Holstein
1784–1791
(in 1773 Holstein was added to the royal share with a ducal share) 		Johann Leonhard Callisen
personal data
SURNAME Struensee, Adam
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian and general superintendent
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1708
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuruppin
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1791
Place of death Rendsburg