Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt

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Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt (frontispiece of the description of the hall circle , 1749)

Johann Christoph Dreyhaupt , from 1742 von Dreyhaupt , (born April 20, 1699 in Halle an der Saale ; † December 13, 1768 there ) was a German lawyer and historian . In his hometown of Halle he held numerous high offices such as that of mayor and salt count and is the author of the two-volume work Description of the Hall Circle , an extensive and historically significant treatise on the city of Halle and its surroundings.

Life

Johann Christoph Dreyhaupt came on April 20, 1699 as the son of the businessman and owner of the Gasthof Güldener Stern Christoph Dreyhaupt (1659–1734) and his second wife Anna Catharina, nee. Hanewald († 1710) and was baptized three days later, on April 23, 1699, in the St. Ulrich Church in Halle. He had 18 siblings, but only six of them reached adulthood. His father, who had sold his estate in Michlitz in 1686 , came to Halle and acquired citizenship there , was wealthy - in addition to the inn, he temporarily owned up to three other houses in the city, plus land in the surrounding area.

Dreyhaupt visited the Latina of the Francke Foundations and began an apprenticeship as a merchant in Leipzig at his father's request . In 1718 he broke off his apprenticeship and enrolled on August 9 at what was then Friedrichs University in Halle in law . He passed his exams in 1725 and became the court of the French colony, an office which he held until 1731, and a lawyer in the Saalkreis. In 1726 Dreyhaupt married Johanna Sabina Lautsch (1711–1741). In 1728 (1729?) Dreyhaupt became a member of the Halleschen Pfänschaften , in 1729 assessor of the Halle Schöppenstuhl and two years later chairman of the same. When on August 15, 1731, the privy councilor Johann Franciscus Berndes died, who held the office of salt count and city ​​councilor in Halle , Dreyhaupt immediately applied for his successor. The senior of the Schöppenstuhl Emanuel Limmer (1661–1733), actually Berndes' successor, was passed over by the government in Berlin due to his old age. Johann Christoph Dreyhaupt traveled to Magdeburg , where he was entrusted with the office of mayor and mountain jurisdiction ; His appointment also speaks of the dignity of the "Magdeburg Government, War and Domain Council" and "Advocato fisci there." On September 28, 1731, he took the oath required for the office of Salzgrafenamt. Dreyhaupt thus held the highest secular offices in the city of Halle despite his young age. In Magdeburg and Berlin, people also used his skills as a lawyer, and he was appointed abroad several times. In recognition of his services, he was given the dignity of the Privy Council on December 22, 1741 . In December 1745 Dreyhaupt stayed in Leipzig as a member of the "deposed war commissioner" appointed by the king . The task of this institution was to regulate the war contribution after the end of the Second Silesian War .

In a request of January 8, 1742 to the Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony , who at that time held the imperial vicariate , Dreyhaupt asked for a rise to the nobility . Dreyhaupt's argumentation was based on his alleged descent from an Italian gender of the "von Trivultio" family. One of his ancestors is said to have taken part in the battle of Mühlberg as a colonel of an Italian regiment , where he was wounded, resigned his service and, while remaining in Saxony, fathered children who, as a Germanized form of "Trivultio", were now called "Dreyhaupt". In a second cover letter, Dreyhaupt pointed out that for various reasons he could not provide formal proof of that parentage. Despite these inconsistencies, the elevation to the nobility was carried out on March 29, 1742 and the coat of arms desired by Dreyhaupt was granted. In the letter of nobility there are no statements about the granting of the title of Count Palatine ( comes palatinus ), which Dreyhaupt does, however, both in the cover picture and in the text of the second volume of his chronicle.

Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt died on the night of December 12th to 13th, 1768 at around 2 a.m. He found his final resting place in arch 56 of the Stadtgottesackers . Dreyhaupt's grave is no longer visible today.

Interests and collections

During his studies, Johann Christoph Dreyhaupt began to make and collect copies of files on legal cases; an activity to which he devoted himself as a member of the jury chair. In 1729 he published this collection under the Latinized name "Trivultio". In November 1735 Dreyhaupt looked for a publisher in the weekly Hallische Advertisements in order to publish a register of all legal dissertations and files in his possession - his estate contained over 400 volumes. He put the number at "3,000 pieces in several 100 volumes" , for which he had already created an alphabetical register. It did not go to press. In 1749, the Göttingen newspapers von Schehrten Dinge announced that the Halle bookseller Johann Andreas Bauer was “disposed ” to print a comparable work “on advance payment” . In this case, too, there was no pressure, so that a possible participation or even initiation of Dreyhaupt, although likely, cannot be confirmed.

The chronicler reports on the library he has created in his main work Description of the Saalkreis : “I myself have a small stock of legal and historical writings from 2000, several hundred books, including a collection of 600 pieces of land charts, a fairly complete collection of Saltz and Bergwercks books, and a collection of 330 volumes of legal disputations, thus containing 15,000 pieces, together with complete registers of names and subjects, as well as some rara MScta, chartacea & membranacea. ” This collection grew until his death further on, 3,109 books and manuscripts, often copies of Dreyhaupt, are listed in the estate register. The focus was on jurisprudence, history, geography and heraldry (around 1,800 entries), as well as mathematics, architecture and physics (236 volumes) as well as metallurgy, numismatics and saltworks (187 volumes). Dreyhaupt also owned 145 books on agricultural topics, hunting and botany, as well as reference works and works by classical authors (164 volumes). Artistic literature and works on religion were comparatively seldom represented in the library, each with around 100 entries.

Dreyhaupt's passion for collecting was not limited to books and other writings, however: a mineral collection in his possession comprised 1,662 items, including 60 fossils such as those fish that have found their way into the description of the hall circle as copper engravings , in which Dreyhaupt continues to describe parts of his collection. In addition to this mineral collection, the lawyer also created a collection of 245 different woods, 23 barks, 79 roots and 59 resins, as well as a collection of seeds and fruits that comprised 1,161 varieties. Each variety was deposited in a glass, which was labeled and accessible via a four-language register (Latin, German, English and French). Plants, including pomegranate trees ( Punica granatum ), real figs ( Ficus carica ) and also a clove tree ( Syzygium aromaticum ), thrived in a garden planned by Dreyhaupt himself, which stretched from the bank of the Saale towards the city near Moritzburg. In addition to a summer house, Dreyhaupt had fountains and an orangery built, in which he grew lemon and orange trees.

Dreyhaupt was interested not only in botany but also in zoology. His “Cabinet” contained an insect (500 copies), snail (101 copies) and coral collection (15 entries) as well as “a Hottentot girl of 5 months in alcohol” as well as two other preserved infants, one of them allegedly from Japan. He also owned parts of an Egyptian mummy.

The civil servant interested in natural sciences acquired technical equipment and models, such as a camera obscura and a magic lantern , and not least a collection of 91 pictures and Meissen porcelain . His coin collection comprised 1,810 pieces, including 487 Roman and Greek coins.

Seyfert reports that Dreyhaupt's interest was not limited to collecting, but that he also followed and documented observations himself. According to Seyfert Dreyhaupt is said to have maintained a lively correspondence with other scholars and also sought conversation with artists and craftsmen. On May 10, 1753, Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt became an external member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, followed by memberships in the Roman-Imperial Academy of Natural Scientists and the Electoral Maynzerische Societaet der Wissenschaften und Frei Künste zu Erfurt .

Soon after Dreyhaupt's death, on December 13, 1768, the extensive will was opened. It turned out that the officer had real estate and considerable collections, but was also in debt. By order of the Magdeburg government, an inventory of the estate was ordered and the auction of the garden was scheduled in October 1769, which had to be postponed several times or ended without success. In 1771 an extensive list of the collections was published and Dreyhaupt's possessions were then sold on three auction days until January 1772. Dreyhaupt's house and garden were also sold, with the sale of the more expensive garden property dragging on until 1774. The property, which was sold well below its value, was later integrated into the Botanical Garden of the University of Halle. Nothing is known about the whereabouts of Dreyhaupt's auctioned collections; some items in the will became the property of the University of Halle.

“If you leaf through the catalog of his library and its collections, you are involuntarily reminded of the natural and spiritual treasures that Goethe acquired in his long life. If Dreyhaupt's library and collections had been kept closed and kept for Halle, this city would today have the intellectual monument of a very important baroque man, which he built during his lifetime, admittedly without any vain intention, and which should not be easily matched . "

- Erich Neuss : Central German life pictures . Magdeburg 1930, vol. 5, p. 105

The chronicler - description of the hall circle

The two-volume edition of the description of the Saalkreis , which he wrote for the first time in 1749/50, is of great regional history . The work, which is also known as the "Dreyhauptsche Chronik", is dedicated to the history and culture of the city of Halle and the Saalkreis . It contains valuable frontispieces , copper plates, copper engravings , text coppers and text woodcuts . The expenses for this work drove von Dreyhaupt into economic ruin.

  • The “Dreyhauptsche Chronik” was published as a four-volume reprint in 2002 in a limited and numbered edition of 500 copies in the Halle publishing house .

Honor

Dreyhaupt was elected to the Leopoldina as a member (matriculation no. 634) on February 10, 1761 with the academic surname Antonius Castor II .

On December 15, 1868, the Thuringian-Saxon Association for Research into Patriotic Antiquity and the Preservation of its Monuments honored Dreyhaupt's work with a commemorative ceremony at which a plaque was attached to the building that followed the building of the historian's house where he died (now Grosse Ulrichstrasse 42). A memorial plaque was also attached to the building that followed the building of Dreyhaupt's birthplace (today Sternstrasse 14). Furthermore, a vocational school and a street in Halle bear the name of the chronicler.

Works

  • Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt: Pagus Neletizi et Nudzici, or detailed diplomatic-historical description of the former primacy and Ertz-Stifft, but now secularized by the Duchy of Magdeburg, which belongs to the Duchy of Magdeburg, and of all the cities, palaces, offices, Manors, aristocratic families, churches, monasteries, parishes and villages, especially the cities of Halle, Neumarckt, Glaucha, Wettin, Löbegün, Cönnern and Alsleben; From Actis publicis and credible ... news, collected diligently, reinforced with many unprinted documents, adorned with copperplate engravings and abstracts, and provided with the necessary registers . Emanuel Schneider, Hall 1749/50 u.ö. ( urn : nbn: de: gbv: 3: 1-135876 ). Reprint: Fly Head, Halle 2002. ISBN 3-930195-70-4 .
    • Beylage sub A. on the first part : Friedrich Hondorff : Description of the Saltz factory in Halle in Saxony ... With comments, explanations and additions, also documents increased by Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt. Emanuel Schneider, Halle 1749 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt ).
    • Beylage sub B. for the second part : Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt: Genealogical tables or gender registers both of the most distinguished noble families residing in the Saal-Creyse with knightly estates as well as their noblest old and new, partly dead, noble families, patricians and common families to Halle from old veritable documents, monuments, fief registers, fief letters, Actis publicis, court and church books, parentations, corpse sermons and other aids with great effort and diligence, compiled in proper tables, and with annex the Wapen, so much of them to be had. Emanuel Schneider, Halle 1750 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt ).
  • Johann Friedrich Stiebritz: Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt… Pagus Neletici et Nudzici: or diplomatic-historical description of the Saal-Creyses; ... / brought and all the cities therein, castles, offices, Rittergüther, adelichen families, churches, Clöster, parishes and villages in an extract, improved, discussed with some notes and continued by Johann Friedrich Stiebritz ... . Verlag des Waysenhauses, Halle 1772/73 ( first part and second part on Google Book Search ).
  • Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt: Anecdotes de Saltzbourg or Secret News from the Ertz-Stifft Saltzburg: the local Ertzbishop, whose characters, servants, lands and revenue especially from the real causes of emigration, from the relations of those to the demand of their emigrants goods in the year 1734 Royal sent to Saltzburg. Preussl. Composed for servants for their own use .

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The letter of nobility is dated “29. January 1742 ”, probably because the imperial vicariate Friedrich August III. Had expired at the end of March and a survey would have been so ineffective.
  2. ↑ Joh. Christ. Dreyhaupt Hallens. JV Candidat 1725, Relationes Hallensis ex Actus publico tam civilibus quam criminalibus coram Indiciis Halensibus ex Praefectura Giebichensteinensi gestis extracta per.
  3. ↑ Decisionum rerum selectarum forensium civilium et criminalum in foris Magdeburgensibus ventilatorum. Terminals, Hall 1729.
  4. ↑ Dreyhaupt: Description of the hall circle . Emanuel Schneider, Hall 1749/50. Volume 2, p. 224
  5. ↑ Dreyhaupt: Description of the hall circle . Emanuel Schneider, Hall 1749/50. Volume 2, p. 227
  6. ↑ In the preface to the second volume of the abridged edition of the description of the hall circle published in 1772
  7. ↑ Lists of the libraries left by the… Mr. Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt, Naturalien-Münz-Cabinetter also paintings, which the 22nd Oct. 1771 ... are to be auctioned . Grunert, Halle 1771.
  8. ^ Member entry of Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 25, 2012.
personal data
SURNAME Dreyhaupt, Johann Christoph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dreyhaupt, Johann Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and historian
DATE OF BIRTH April 20, 1699
PLACE OF BIRTH Halle on the Saale
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1768
Place of death Halle on the Saale