Friedrich von Schlichtegroll

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Friedrich von Schlichtegroll
Signature Friedrich von Schlichtegroll.PNG

Adolf Heinrich Friedrich Schlichtegroll , from 1808 von Schlichtegroll (born December 8, 1765 in Waltershausen , †  December 4, 1822 in Munich ), was Mozart's first biographer , member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , philologist , numismatist and archaeologist . His grave is in the old southern cemetery in Munich's Glockenbachviertel . A street is named after him in the Englschalking district of Munich .

Coat of arms of the Schlichtegroll and Schleiß von Löwenfeld families

origin

Adolf Heinrich Friedrich Schlichtegroll came from an old civil servant family , originally based in Greifswald , who later resided in Saxony and Thuringia . His father was a ducal actuary and later a councilor in Gotha .

education

At the age of 13 Friedrich Schlichtegroll came to the Gothaer Gymnasium Illustre.In 1783 he enrolled in Jena , as his father wanted, initially for law , but soon switched to theology , encouraged by Friedrich Andreas Stroth , rector of his grammar school, and listened above all Philological lectures with professors Johann Jakob Griesbach , Johann Gottfried Eichhorn and Christian Gottfried Schütz . He then went to Göttingen , where he stayed until 1787 and devoted himself entirely to philology . Here he was promoted by Christian Gottlob Heyne and was close friends with Karl Gotthold Lenz , Ludwig Wachler and the brothers August Heinrich Matthiä and Friedrich Christian Matthiä .

Professional background

From 1787 he taught mainly religion , Hebrew , German and Latin at the Gothaer Gymnasium Illustre . At that time he was accepted into the Masonic Lodge at the Compass ; associated with this was his admission to Gotha's Illuminati Circle under the name of the order "Gronovius" after the famous Dutch classical philologist Johann Friedrich Gronovius in October 1783. Since 1788 Schlichtegroll worked part-time and on a voluntary basis in the ducal library of Ernst II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg at Friedenstein Castle at the director Johann Gottfried Geißler , where he cataloged the old prints and set up a new subject catalog . In 1797 Schlichtegroll published a work on the gem collection of Philipp von Stosch (1691–1757) in French and German. In 1798 he became an assistant to his father-in-law and immediately took over the supervision of the ducal coin cabinet . Since the new office filled him completely, he resigned his professorship at the grammar school in 1800 , after continuing the lessons for a while, until the appointment of a new teacher, without pay. In 1802 he was appointed ducal librarian , where he worked with both the classical philologist Friedrich Jacobs and the librarian Hamberger. He dealt very intensively with coin studies and published his work Annalen der Complete Numismatics in 1804, which was highly valued in specialist circles. He was also involved in buying the coin collection of Baron Wilhelm von Knobelsdorff , who was the Prussian envoy in Constantinople and who had put it together there. Friedrich Schlichtegroll received this collection in Berlin in 1803 and presented it to Ernst II.

In 1806, when war broke out, he was commissioned to bring the most important part of the coin cabinet to Altona. The following year he brought back what had been saved.

From 1790 to 1806 the work, for which Schlichtegroll is still known in professional circles, was the " Nekrolog der Teutschen". Schlichtegroll's work was not only recognized, however: Goethe and Schiller mocked him in 1797 in the Musenalmanach : "Be careful in front of the raven who croaks behind her, the necrological animal only sits down on carcasses".

In 1807 Schlichtegroll accepted the call to general secretary of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich; in September his wife and the youngest children followed, with his two sons staying at the grammar school in Gotha. His area of ​​responsibility was the usual academic tasks as well as the management and the construction and reconstruction of new facilities of the academy such as the library with 400,000 volumes, the natural history collection, the cabinet of mathematical and physical instruments, the polytechnical cabinet, the botanical garden , the chemical laboratory, of the coin cabinet and the observatory. For the Münzkabinett he was able to initiate and complete the acquisition of the collection of 5,000 coins from Esprit-Marie Cousinéry (1747–1833).

In 1815 he founded the Polytechnic Association in Bavaria (PTV), which was dissolved in 1938 and incorporated into the Office for Technical Sciences in the German Labor Front ; This was a technical assessment center for state and municipal authorities and an official information center for commercial legal protection with the provision of information for the areas of construction, mining and metallurgy, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, transport, graphics, food and luxury goods, and chemistry -, paper and textile industries. He was also very actively involved in promoting the Frankfurt Association for Older German History , founded in 1819 .

On October 22, 1823, Cajetan Weiller was elected as his successor to the office of Secretary General of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

He was very interested in the school system and so he regularly took part in the public exams at the end of an academic year, visited the exhibitions with the work of the free schools and was present at the awards ceremony.

He also developed an extraordinary interest in the invention of lithography , which he dealt with shortly after moving to Munich; he promoted the inventor, Alois Senefelder , and followed the individual stages of further development. This is how, at his suggestion, the lithographic printing textbook with sample sheets came about, for which he wrote the foreword.

In 1808 he was made a knight by King Max Joseph , followed by the hereditary nobility in 1813. In 1812 Schlichtegroll was entrusted with the presidential affairs of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and with the management of the academy's library. In the same year he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1815 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

family

In the summer of 1792 Schlichtegroll married in Gotha Auguste Angelica Rousseau (1770-1832), the second daughter of Jacob August Rousseau (1729-1809), director of the ducal coin cabinet, with whom he had four sons and a daughter. They led a very sociable life, their house was open to scholars living in Munich and those traveling through. There, among others, Johann Andreas Schmeller , Jean Paul and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi met . His children include:

  • Antonin (1793–1873) Bavarian transmission needle 1822 ⚭ Sophie von Kobell (1797–1846) a daughter of the Bavarian State Councilor Egid von Kobell (1772–1847)
  • Nathanael (1794–1859) Bavarian nobility 1841 ⚭ Angelika Mayer (1797–1875) daughter of the Mannheim banker Ignaz Mayer († 1824)
  • Sara Maria (1796–1873) ⚭ Heinrich August von Vogel , chemist

Fonts

  • Annals of the whole numismatics . Leipzig 1804.
  • Tournament book of Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria from 1510 to 1545 . Munich 1817.
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .
  • Mozart's life .
  • Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart .
  • Musician necrologist .
  • Nekrolog on the year 1790, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1791, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)
  • Nekrolog on the year 1790, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1791, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1791, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1792, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1791, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1793, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog for the year 1792, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1793, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1792, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1794, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1793, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1794, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1793, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1795, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1794, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1796, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog for the year 1794, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1796, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1795, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1797, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1795, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1798, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog for the year 1796, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1799, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1796, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1800, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog for the year 1797, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1801, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1797, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1801, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1798, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1802, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1798, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1803, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1799, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1804, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1799, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1805, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1800, 1st volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1805, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog on the year 1800, 2nd volume, Perthes, Gotha, 1806, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog der Teutschen for the nineteenth century , Volume 1, Perthes, Gotha, 1802, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog der Teutschen for the nineteenth century , Volume 2, Perthes, Gotha, 1803, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog der Teutschen for the nineteenth century , Volume 3, Perthes, Gotha, 1805, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog der Teutschen for the nineteenth century , Volume 4, Perthes, Gotha, 1805, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Nekrolog der Teutschen for the nineteenth century , Volume 5, Perthes, Gotha, 1806, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Annals of the entire numismatics , 1st volume, Baumgärtner, Leipzig, 1804, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Annals of the entire numismatics , 2nd vol. 1st issue, Steudel u. Keil, Gotha, 1806, ( online , Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  • Notice d'une collection de medailles antiques Grecques et Romaines , Michael Lindauer, Munich, 1815.

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Schlichtegroll  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Biographical Reference Works  - Sources and Full Texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the relevant data set in https://database.factgrid.de .
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 213.
  3. ↑ Rudolf WL Jacobs: The Gotha family Jacobs and their work in Gotha, p. 32. October 15, 2005, accessed on April 24, 2019 .
  4. ↑ the title reads completely: Nekrolog auf das Jahr ... containing news of the life of strange Germans who died in that year .
personal data
SURNAME Schlichtegroll, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schlichtegroll, Adolf Heinrich Friedrich von (full name); Schlichtegroll, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philologist, numismatist, archaeologist and first biographer of Mozart
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1765
PLACE OF BIRTH Waltershausen near Gotha
DATE OF DEATH December 4, 1822
Place of death Munich