Ernestinum Gotha
Ernestinum Gotha High School | |
---|---|
type of school | high school |
School number | 50300 |
founding | 1524 dissolution 1947 re-establishment in 1991 |
address |
Bergallee 8 |
place | Gotha |
country | Thuringia |
Country | Germany |
Coordinates | 50 ° 56 '44 " N , 10 ° 42' 2" E |
student | about 500 |
Teachers | about 40 |
management | Lutz Wagner |
Website | www.ernestinum-gotha.de |
The Gymnasium Ernestinum Gotha is a humanistic and natural science oriented high school in Gotha , which emerged in 1859 from the merger of the Gymnasium illustrious and the Ducal Realgymnasium . Until 1949 it was considered the oldest grammar school in the German-speaking area, before it was replaced as such by the Melanchthon grammar school founded in Nuremberg in 1526 due to its temporary closure from 1947 to 1991 .
Development of the high school
From the beginning to the middle of the 17th century
The oldest forerunner is the Latin school mentioned in 1291 at the parish church of St. Marien. The grammar school was founded on December 21, 1524 by Martin Luther's friend , the reformer Friedrich Myconius , in the cloister of the Augustinian monastery. Due to the influence of the Reformation, the content and form of teaching were realigned as early as the middle of the 16th century under the direction of Cyriacus Lindemann (1562–1568). He attached great importance to the mastery of grammatical rules and the interpretation of Latin authors. He introduced the new subject of declamation. He attached great importance to careful written work by the students. In addition to these aspects of learning, he made a name for himself through his humane treatment of students, as he always tried to establish a relationship of trust with his students. This distinguished him from his predecessor Pankratius Sussenbach (1540–1562).
Around 1600 the grammar school received the addition "illustrious" (excellent, brilliant, famous) by Duke Johann Casimir von Sachsen-Coburg. During this period, Andreas Wilke (1592–1631) was the rector's office. He was not insignificantly involved in the further development of the school. Wilke ensured more teachers at the school, increased the number of classes and expanded the school building by campaigning for its renovation. At the same time, he maintained connections to well-known professors and scientists throughout Germany.
The high school's heyday
In the 17th century the grammar school was further sponsored by Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. He offered asylum to the sons of persecuted Lutherans from Hungary, Silesia, Poland, Russia and Scandinavia who were studying at the local grammar school. With the appointment of Andreas Reyher (1641–1673) as rector, compulsory schooling for all five to twelve year olds was introduced in the Duchy of Gotha. He reformed the Gotha school system in line with Wolfgang Ratke. Reyher began his rectorate with the draft of new school regulations under the title "Special and special driver report, how (...) boys and girls (...) can and should be taught" (1642). Reyher implemented a substantive reform of the school system that was to become famous beyond the country's borders. The introduction of the Selecta resulted in an increase in classes and an increase in the number of subjects. For the first time, lessons were given in the mother tongue. Mathematics, poetics and history were introduced as new subjects. In preparation for the studies, the subjects of rhetoric, logic, ethics, mathematics, metaphysics and spheres were taught in the Selecta final class.
The 18th century in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg was shaped by the Enlightenment. The grammar school received special funding under the rule of Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, who was committed to the development of good schools. He was guided by the principle that educated subjects in all areas were an important prerequisite for the economic and political stability of the country. During his reign, Johann Gottfried Geißler (1768–1779) served as rector at the illustrious grammar school. Under him, the concept was developed which reduced the proportion of ancient languages in favor of the natural sciences, German, literature, English and French. In order to give the students more freedom for domestic and independent work, the number of hours was limited to 4 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon. He introduced the subject teacher principle and ensured fixed, binding curricula. The starting point for these changes was Geissler's book “Unprecedented thoughts on how the establishment of the gymnasii illustris Gothani could be improved to some extent” of November 1, 1768. Under Friedrich Andreas Stroth (1779–1785) and Friedrich Wilhelm Döring (1786–1833) these developments were continuous continued. The teachers among them, Johann Georg August Galletti , Johann Friedrich Salomon Kaltwasser (1752–1813), Adolf Heinrich Friedrich von Schlichtegroll , Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso and Friedrich Jacobs , were characterized by a high degree of competence and a sense of duty. Their names went down in history as scholars and writers.
Foundation and development of the Ernestinum grammar school by 1945
In the years 1837/38 a modern school building in the classical style was built for the grammar school in the Bergallee, which corresponded to the requirements of the time. After a brief interregnum between 1833 and 1841 under the court preacher Eduard Adolf Jacobi (1796–1866) and Gottfried Seebode (1792–1868), Valentin Rost (1841–1859) ensured the high school regained its strength. He had to face the challenge of a competitor founded by the Gotha bourgeoisie, the Ducal Realgymnasium. This Realgymnasium , founded in 1836, oriented itself to the needs of the time on a scientific and mathematical teaching program. Chemistry, physics and mineralogy were taught as separate subjects. The modern foreign languages French and English became more important than Latin.
On April 12, 1859, the Illustrious Gymnasium and the Ducal Realgymnasium were merged. On the occasion of this, the educational institution was named Gymnasium Ernestinum Gothae - in honor of Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
The new rector Joachim Marquardt (1859–1882) ensured strict adherence to the new school regulations without applying any particular harshness. He took an equally strict, but at the same time friendly, attitude towards his fellow teachers. He worked to improve the school plan. Under his direction, the school was expanded, an auditorium set up, and new library rooms and a gymnasium created. Teaching was based on a uniform canon of subjects. From the lower secondary school, there was a subdivision into humanistic and secondary school classes. Marquardt's successor was Albert von Bamberg (1883–1910), who also promoted the real sciences in addition to humanistic education. Under the new rector Ludwig Mackensen (1910–1914), girls were to visit the Ernestinum for the first time. Heinrich Anz (1914–1935) had to deal with the effects of the First World War when he took office . In the following years of the Weimar Republic , too, it is thanks to Anz that the humanistic grammar school was able to continue to exist. During the Nazi regime, the intervention of the Hitler Youth , the leave of absence of teachers, state celebrations, and the drafting of students for military service had a negative effect on school operations. Otto Küttler (1938–1945), as rector, endeavored to keep the school going. Theatrical performances, lectures and sporting events were organized under him. During World War II that was high school library at Friedenstein Castle transferred. Today it is part of the Gotha Research Library .
The grammar school in the post-war period
With the introduction of a new educational concept in the Soviet zone of occupation , the foundations of the continued existence of a humanistic grammar school were removed. The last Abitur exams at the Ernestinum were held in the 1945/46 school year. In the spring of 1947, the Ernestinum grammar school ceased to exist both formally and in name. The existing high school classes were integrated into the Arnoldischule on April 10, 1947, in order to continue their Abitur there. From then on, a ten-year middle school was housed in the school building of the former Ernestinum, from which a polytechnic high school emerged in 1959 , which was named POS Albert Schweitzer in 1965 .
The high school from 1991 to the present
After German reunification, the Ernestinum Gymnasium was re-established on November 1, 1991, and in 1993 the first Abitur exams were taken after 48 years. Since then it has been led by Lutz Wagner. Today 438 pupils study at this facility. You will be taught by 49 teachers. [As of September 2009]
Extracurricular activities
- Participation in the Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics Olympiad
- Participation in " Youth trains for the Olympics "
- Student exchange with Benevento and a partner school in Ukraine
- Participation in the Gotha Children's Choir
- Exhibition of artistic achievements in Schloss Friedenstein and in the city of Gotha
Cooperation with other institutions
- "Trial week" for elementary school students in the 4th grade
- Joint advanced courses in Class 11/12 with the Arnoldischule
- Internship for students specializing in teaching from different universities
- Training school for trainees in cooperation with the University of Erfurt
Rectors and Directors
- Basil Monner (1524 to 1535)
- Laurentius Schipper (1535 to 1537)
- Georg Merula (1537 to 1540)
- Pankratius Sussenbach (1540 to 1561)
- Cyriacus Lindemann (1562 to 1568, previously Vice Rector from 1549)
- Paul Schmidt (1568 to 1572)
- Johann Meyer (1572 to 1580, previously a student)
- Johannes Dinckel (1580 to 1582, previously pupil from 1555)
- Johann Helder (1582 to 1592)
- Andreas Wilke (1592 to 1631)
- Johann Weitz (1631 to 1640, previously teacher from 1602 and vice rector from 1609)
- Andreas Reyher (1641 to 1673)
- Georg Heß (1673 to 1694, previously vice rector from 1637 to 1673)
- Gottfried Vockerodt (1694 to 1727, previously Vice Rector since 1693)
- Johann Heinrich Stuß (1728 to 1768)
- Johann Gottfried Geißler (1768 to 1779)
- Friedrich Andreas Stroth (1779 to 1785)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Döring (1786 to 1833)
- Ernst Friedrich Wüstemann (1833 to 1856, previously pupil from 1808 to 1816 and collaborator since 1819)
- Eduard Adolf Jacobi (1833 to 1841, previously a student)
- Gottfried Seebode (1838 to 1841)
- Valentin Rost (1841 to 1859, previously a student from 1802 to 1810 and from 1814 collaborator)
- Joachim Marquardt (1859 to 1882)
- Eduard Wilhelm Sievers (1882 to 1883)
- Eduard Heinrich Albert von Bamberg (1883 to 1910)
- Ludwig Mackensen (1910 to 1914)
- Heinrich Anz (1914 to 1935)
- Otto Küttler (1938 to 1945)
- Lutz Wagner (since 1991)
Well-known teachers and students
- Johann Stigel , student until 1531
- Christoph von Dürfeld , student from 1533 to 1543
- Cyriacus Schneegaß , pupil until 1565
- Joachim Bartholomäus Meyer (1624–1701), librarian and hymn poet, pupil until around 1644
- Johann Friedrich Bachoff von Echt , a student from 1653–1660
- Wilhelm Hieronymus Brückner , pupil 1671 to 1676
- Johann Salomon Hattenbach , student until 1669
- August Hermann Francke , pupil 1676/77
- Martin Christian Goeldelius , student until 1684, son of the teacher and cantor Johannes Goeldelius (1635–1685)
- Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel , teacher from 1690
- Johann Jacob Syrbius , pupil 1691 to 1693
- Johann Elias Reichardt , pupil from 1684 to 1687, teacher from 1695 to 1731 and inspector since 1698
- Johann Michael Heusinger , pupil until 1708, teacher from 1730 to 1738
- Johann Georg Oldekop , student probably until 1713
- Johann Ernst Wenigk , student from 1709 to 1718
- Johann Friedrich Nolte , student from 1712 to 1713
- Friedrich Albrecht Augusti , student until 1727, teacher from 1729 to 1734
- Johann Justin Schierschmid , student until 1727
- Johann August von Hellfeld , student until 1734
- Wilhelm Heinrich Schultze , student until 1741
- Just Christian Stuß , student from 1736 to 1741
- Heinrich Gottfried Scheidemantel , student
- Johann Volkmar Sickler , student from 1755
- Johann Heinrich Voigt , student from 1759 to 1770, teacher from 1774 to 1789
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach , student until 1769
- Johann Friedrich Salomon Kaltwasser , teacher from 1775, professor of the Greek language
- Friedrich Christian Gottlieb Perlet , student
- Friedrich von Schlichtegroll , student from 1778, teacher from 1787 to 1807
- Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso , teacher from 1783 to 1790
- Johann Georg August Galletti , teacher from 1778 to 1819
- Carl Friedrich Ernst Ludwig , student
- Friedrich Jacobs , teacher 1785 to 1807
- Adolf Stieler , student from 1786 to 1793
- Christian Ferdinand Schulze , student from 1786 to 1792, collaborator and inspector of the Cönobium from 1800 to 1840, first professor from 1840 to 1848
- Johann Ludwig Klohss , student from 1787 to 1788
- Friedrich Christian Kries , collaborator from 1789, first professor from 1819 to 1840
- Christian Moritz Pauli (1785–1825), pupil from 1799 to 1802
- Wilhelm Hey , student from 1802 to 1808
- Johann Gottfried August Sparr , student, teacher from 1803 to 1808
- Johann Heinrich Möller , student from 1804 to 1813
- Joseph Meyer , student until 1807
- Arthur Schopenhauer , pupil 1807
- Christian Ludwig Brehm , student until 1808
- Friedrich Ludwig Andreas Regel , student, collaborator from 1808, professor from 1813 to 1826
- Friedrich August Ukert , inspector from 1808
- Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Umbreit , student from 1809 to 1814
- Karl August Credner , student from 1812 to 1817
- Christian Gotthold Neudecker , student from 1816 to 1826
- Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer , student until 1818
- Wilhelm Theodor Kraut , student until around 1819
- Raphael Kühner , student until 1820
- Philipp Heinrich Welcker , teacher from 1820.
- Carl Anton Bretschneider , student until 1826
- Clemens Theodor Perthes , student until 1827
- Adolf Moritz Schulze (1808–1881), pupil until 1827
- Andreas Heinrich Wiegandt , student of Michaelis 1824 to Michaelis 1830
- Traugott Märcker (1811–1874), student until 1835
- Gotthilf Albert Sterzing , pupil from 1834 to 1840
- Karl Ernst Georges , student, teacher from 1839 to 1856
- Otto Schneider , teacher from 1842 to 1859
- Ernst Behm , student until 1849
- August Beck (historian) , student
- Heinrich Heß , student from 1857 to 1862
- Friedrich Johannes Perthes , student until 1862
- Luise Gerbing , student
- Christian Behrens , student until 1870
- Otto Liebetrau , student until 1874
- Karl August Friedrich Samwer , student
- Julius Kaerst , pupil from 1869 to 1874, teacher from 1881 to 1897
- Karl Arthur Hartung , student
- Hans Freiherr von Wangenheim , pupil, high school diploma in 1879
- Rudolf Ehwald , pupil, teacher 1871 to 1911
- Ernst Anding , student until 1881
- Adolf Schmidt (geophysicist) , teacher from 1885 to 1902
- Hans Dominik , student until 1893
- Kurd Laßwitz , teacher from 1876 to 1910
- Erich Lasswitz , his son, student until 1900
- Wilhelm Liebenam , teacher from 1899 to 1918
- Walter Ortlepp , student until 1918
- Hans Erhard Bock , student
literature
- Heinrich Anz (Ed.): Gotha and his high school. Building blocks for the intellectual history of a German residence. For the 400th anniversary of the Ernestinum Gymnasium , Verlag Friedrich Andreas Perthes A.-G., Gotha / Stuttgart 1924.
- Christoph Koehler u. a. [Red.]: Festschrift for the 475-year school anniversary of the Ernestinum Gotha high school 1524–1999 , Gotha, 1999.
- Christoph Köhler: The ducal high school Gotha - one of the two predecessor schools of today's Ernestinum high school , in: The school year 2004–2005, pp. 5–12, Gotha 2005.
- Central German Cultural Council Bonn (Ed.): Thuringian high schools , Volume 3, Kammwegverlag, Troisdorf 1972.
- Sascha Salatowsky (Ed.): Gotha goes to school. Education from Luther to Francke [= publications of the Gotha Research Library, vol. 49]. Gotha 2012.
- Max Schneider: The high school graduates from the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha from M. Andreas Reyhers and Georg Hessens Rectorate from 1653–1694 , Engelhard-Reyher, 1911.
- Ders .: New studies on the older history of the Gothaer Gymnasium , in: Communications of the Association for Gotha History and Antiquity Research, Gotha 1913, pp. 23–55.
- Christian Ferdinand Schulze : History of the Gotha High School , Justus Perthes, Gotha, 1824 ( online ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Home. In: melanchthon-gymnasium.de, accessed on November 12, 2018.
- ↑ Anna Günther, Hans Kratzer: “There is humanistic education without Latin and Greek”. In: sueddeutsche.de, April 18, 2017, accessed on November 12, 2018.