Johann August von Hellfeld

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Johann August von Hellfeld

Johann August von Hellfeld (born February 9, 1717 in Gotha , † May 13, 1782 in Jena ) was a German legal scholar.

Life

Hellfeld's ancestors originally came from Westphalia, where they belonged to the nobility and were known under the name Helleveld or von Hellefeld. The descendants of the family were forced to leave Westphalia. A Nicolaus Hellfeld went to Gotha as a theologian in the 16th century, where he worked as a pastor in Hausen , Laucha and Siebleben . The descendants of this theologian held various ecclesiastical and secular positions in the duchy of Saxe-Gotha , but without claiming the title of nobility. Johann August's father of the same name also came from this area. He was an advocate for the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg . From his marriage to Charlotta Friederika Mattenberg, daughter of the Mayor of Meiningen Johann Andreas Mattenberg (born June 15, 1640 in Gotha, † September 24, 1726 in Meiningen), Johann August emerged in 1717.

Coming from a middle-class background, Hellfeld received private tutors in his early youth. This prepared him so far that he could graduate from the renowned Illustre grammar school in his hometown, which was under the direction of the then rector Johann Heinrich Stuß (1686–1775). On May 17, 1734 he enrolled at the University of Jena to study law. At the time, this included basic philosophical studies, which Hellfeld completed with Heinrich Köhler , Georg Ludwig Herzog (* 1712 in Aurich; † 1737 in Jena) and Christian Gottlieb Buder (1693–1763). After that he attended legal lectures. For this purpose, Hellfeld attended the presentations by Johann Caspar Heimburg , Johann Georg Estor , Burkhard Gotthelf Struve , and Johann Rudolph Engau .

After his studies, his father asked him to return to Gotha, where he worked as a lawyer for a short time. Since this task took little pleasure from him, he moved back to Jena, where he received his doctorate in law on May 27, 1739. He then held lectures in Jena, became an attorney at the court in Jena in 1745, full professor on March 23, 1748, and March 13, 1749 assessor at the Schöpenstuhl. Ascending in the academic context, he took over the full professorship of the institutes on May 16, 1753, and in 1755 he became professor of the Pandects and Saxon-Gotha court councilor. In 1756 he was senior of the Schöppenstuhl, in 1759 he took over the professorship of the Codex and the Novellas, was senior of the law faculty and in 1763 a secret councilor of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg . Hellfeld was a member of the Teutsche Gesellschaft in Jena and after having his title of nobility confirmed in 1764, he became the heir of Pösen and Jägersdorf. Hellfeld also took part in the organizational tasks of the Salana. He was dean of the law faculty several times and in the summer semesters 1755 and 1761 rector of the alma mater .

Hellfeld's main work is Jurisprudentia forensis secundum ordinem pandectarum , which was published again by his son-in-law. It served as a template for Christian Friedrich von Glück and Christian Friedrich Mühlenbruch's remarks on the pandeken and was a popular textbook until the 19th century.

family

Hellfeld was married twice. His first marriage was with Sophia Maria Struve († 1745 in Jena), the daughter of Professor Burkhard Gotthelf Struve . After her death he went into a second marriage with Friederike Ludovika Rus, the daughter of Professor Johann Reinhard Rus . From the children we know:

  • Amalie Ulrike Sophie von Hellfeld married the lawyer Gottlob Eusebius Oeltze (* March 20, 1734, † February 27, 1807 in Helmstedt)
  • Ernst August von Hellfeld (* Jena) February 21, 1749 Uni. Jena, became major in English and ship commander in Dutch sea services
  • Christian August Friedrich von Hellfeld (born November 15, 1757 in Jena; † November 7, 1840 ibid.) Became a professor in Jena
  • Bernhard Gottlieb Huldreich von Hellfeld (born November 13, 1759 in Jena; † July 14, 1788 ibid.)
  • Johann August Christian von Hellfeld (born October 23, 1765 in Jena; † February 7, 1835 ibid.) Matriculated September 26, 1782 Uni. Jena, advocate for the higher appellate court of Saxony-Weimar
  • Caspar Ludwig Carl von Hellfeld (* Jena), enrolled on July 28, 1780, official commissioner in Jena, married. Amalie Wilhelmine Henriette Jagemann

Fonts (selection)

  • Diss. Inaug. de condictione mulieri intercedenti competente. Jenae 1739 (present. JC Heimburgio)
  • Progr. De disputationibus fori. Jena 1739 ( online )
  • Historia juris Romani, accedunt leges Regiae, XII Tabularum; Series Edicti perpetui et Lex Papia Poppea. Jena and Leipzig 1740
  • Historia iuris Germanici et Canonico-Pontificii. Jena 1741 ( online )
  • Diss. Jur. de hypotheca mobilium. Jena 1743 (Resp.Johann Andreas Hoffmann (Tambach), online )
  • Diss.de restricta Illustrium alienandi facultate, maxime quoad allodia avita. Jena 1747 (Resp. Theodor Georg Wilhelm Emminghaus (1723–1758), online )
  • Diss. De genuino fundamento jurisdictions feudalis eiusque limiitibus. Pro Loco. Jena 1753 ( online )
  • Repertorium reale practicum iuris privati ​​Imperii Romano - Germanici, or: Complete collection of all common and usable rights in the Heil. Roman empires, and the neighboring countries, containing laws, capitularia, imperial decrees, land and city rights, soft image, arbitrariness, constitutiones and edicts of the ancient, middle and modern times of the provinces, and the most distinguished imperial and other cities, furthermore, the core of the Deduction, Responsorum in causis illustrium, praeiudiciorum of the highest imperial courts, Diplomatum omnis aevi, in which the Jus Principum privatum not only, but in general the rights customary in common life, and today's imperial practice can be found, whereby the controversial statements of the JCtorum with reasons and Opposite reasons noted that the best published writings are also cited, so that this work can serve as a Bibliotheca Juris Selecta. Elaborated according to alphabetical order, under the supervision of Mr. DJA Hellfeld's etc. 1st part. Jena 1753 ( online ); Part 2. Jena 1755 ( online ); 3rd part. Jena 1760 ( online ); 4th part. Jena 1762 ( online )
  • Diss. Jur. de diverso pignoris iure liberis in parentum bonis competente. Jena 1754 (Resp. Ernst Jacob Ludwig Rühm, online )
  • Diss. Inaug. de iure creditorum allodialium intuitu feudi et concursus feudalis. Jena 1755 (Resp.Albert Christian Heinrich Schröder (* 1733), online )
  • Progr. De haeredo allodiali debita feudalia a Vasallo repetentesolvta repetente. Jena 1755 (dean's program for the doctorate of Georg Gottlieb Wagner (* 1730 in Sangerhausen), online )
  • Diss. Inaug. de legis Mosaicae valore hodierno. Jena 1755 (Resp.Georg Gottlieb Wagner, online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de remediis legitimis adversus sententias, praesertim in Augustissimo Consilio Imperiali Aulico latas. Jena 1756 (Resp. Wilhelm Friedrich Kreidenmann (* 1734), online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de pactis evictionis caussa initis, secundum Jus Commune et Statuta Hamburgensia. Jena 1757 (Resp. Johann Philipp Dresser, online )
  • Progr. De confirmatione divisionum illuftrium. Jena 1757 (Deanery program for the doctorate of Gottlob Christhelf Rummel, online )
  • Diss. Jur inaug. sistens differentias quaedam inter SR Imperii Principes et Comites. Jena 1758 (Resp. Christoph Ludwig Wideburg, online )
  • Progr. De successione ex iure communionis. Jena 1758 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Christoph Ludwig Wideburg, online )
  • Progr. De juribus quibusdam Doctorum Nobilitati avitae honorificis et utilibus Jena 1758
  • Diss. De eo, quod ob species noviter repartas circa transactiones iuris est. Jena 1759
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de effectu clausulae codicillaris testamento, quod rumpitur, adiectae. Jena 1759 (Resp. Carl Friedrich Burmeister, online )
  • Anima hominis substania incompleta argumentum pro resurrectione carnis expectanda. Jena 1760 ( online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de effectu poenae conventionalis sponsalibus adiectae. Jena 1760 (Resp.Nicolaus Heinrich Evers, online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de Simultanea investitura in terris Brunsvico-Luneburgicis. Jena 1761 (Resp. Jacob Rave (1736–1767), online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. De probatione per exempla seu copias documentorum. Jena 1762 (Resp.Johann Wilhelm Niper, online )
  • Programma de successione in feuda imperii sub Carolingorum imperio filiis competente. Jena 1762 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Johann Wilhelm Nieper (born November 3, 1736 in Lüneburg), online )
  • Dissertatio Inavgvralis Ivridica De Ivre Creditorvm Vasalli In Percipienda Ex Frvctibvs Fevdi Solvtione. Jena 1762 (Resp.Gottfried Heinrich Hintze (born October 23, 1734 in Wismar), online )
  • Programma II de successione ex iure communionis. Jena 1762 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Gottfried Heinrich Hintze, online )
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. convenientiam quorundam iuris statutarii Lubecens. capitum cum legibus Westphalorum et speciatim Susatensium sistens. Jena 1762 (Resp. Gabriel Christian Lemke, online )
  • Progr. De Cavsis, Ob Qvas Henricvs II. Imper. Bernhardo Svccessionem In Dvcatvm Saxoniae Denegare Potvit. Jena 1762 (dean's program for the doctorate of Gabriel Christian Lemke (born August 13, 1738 in Lübeck-1799), online )
  • Diss. De convenientia quorundam iuris Lubecensis capitum cum legibus Westphalorum et speciatim Susatensium. Jena 1764
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de auctoritate vetustae possessionis in causis praesertim Illustrium. Jena 1763 (Resp.Johann August Reichardt (Remda), online )
  • Jurisprudentia forensis, secundum Pandectarum ordinem, in usum auditorii propoata. Jena 1764, Jena 1766 ( online ), Jena 1771 vol. 1 ( online ) 2nd vol. ( Online ); Jena 1775, Jena 1779 vol. 1 ( online ), vol. 2 ( online ); Jena 1787 vol. 1 ( online ); Vol. 2 ( online ), Jena 1792 ( online ), Jena 1796 ( online )
  • Programma de divisione territoriorum Germanicorum. Jena 1764 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Georg Wilhelm Hansen (born November 30, 1740 in Güstrow), online )
  • Progr. De bonis debitorum post eorum cessionem distrabendis. Jena 1764
  • Diss. De beneficio competentiae. Jena 1764
  • Diss. De actore forum rei haud semper sequente. Jena 1765
  • Progr. De divsiione territorior. Germaniconicor. Jena 1765
  • Diss. Inaug. De successione illustrium tanquam privatorum in allodia. Jena 1765 (Resp. Heinrich Gottfried Scheidemantel (1739–1787), online )
  • Progr. De probatione dividuitatis territoriorum per exempla. Jena 1767
  • Diss. De violenta rerum nostrarum defensione. Jena 1768
  • Progr. De eo, quod in hypothecis tacitis aequum vel iniquum est. Jena 1771 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Georg Wilhelm von Eitzen (born August 26, 1748 in Stade), online )
  • Diss. Inaug. de praerogativa hypotheeae publicae tacitae aeque ас expressae competente. Jena 1771 (Resp.Georg Wilhelm von Eitzen, online )
  • Solemnia inauguralia. Jena 1771 (dean's program for the doctorate of Christian Friedrich Stoltenberg (born April 8, 1747 in Lübeck), online )
  • Diss. Inaug. De seculari jurisdictione in clericos delinquentes, Jena 1771 (Resp. Christian Wilhelm Melis); Jena 1780 ( online )
  • Diss. De hypotheca fisci, praesertim in bonis post contractum quaesitis. Jena 1771
  • Progr. De oppignoratione allodiorum avitorum. Jena 1771
  • Progr. De modis obligandi per religionem. Jena 1771
  • Diss. Inaug. jur. de transmissione iuris succedendi antecessoris morte non delati. Jena 1772 (Resp.Johann Gottfried Graape, online )
  • Diss. Iur. de iustitia poenarum capitalium praesertim in crimine furti periculosi et tertii secundum constitutionem Carolinam et ius Hamburgense. Jena 1772 (Resp. Nicolaus Gerhard Feyga (1743–1814), online )
  • Progr. De actibus principum voluntaiiis absque solemnibus civilibus validis. Jena 1775
  • Progr. De successione simultanee investitorum lineali. Jena 1775
  • Progr. De restitutione in integrum, personis illustribus competente. Jena 1777
  • Progr. De Ducatu Bavariae, from antiquissimis temporibus hereditario. Jena 1778 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Johann Christian Conrad Schröter, online )
  • Diss. Inaug. de oblatione debiti usurarum inittium non vero earum cursum inceptum impediente. Jena 1778 (Resp.Johann Christian Conrad Schröter (born April 27, 1751 in Weimar), online )

Editorships

  • Burc. Gotth. Struvii Juiisprudentia heroica, seu: Jus, quo illustres utuntur, privatum, ex innumeris exemplis atque historiarum monumentis omnis aevi illustratum. Cum Praefatione de fontibus iuris, quo illustres utuntur, privati.
  • Elementa iuris feudalis, ex schedis b. Burc. Gotth. Struvii. Jena 1745 ( online ); Jena 1750; Jena 1754; Jena 1763; Jena 1774
  • Joh. Rudolph Engau - Elementa iuris criminalis Germanico - Carolini etc. quibus novas quasdam Observationes addidit JA Hellfeld. Editio sexta. Jena 1767
Johann Christian Fischer had his small writings printed together under the following three titles.
  • Opuscula et Dissertationes iuris civilis privati. Jena 1775 ( online ), Jena 1782
  • Opera minora in ducs Tomos divisa et edita. Jena 1789 ( Online ) also: Opuscula iuris canonici, criminalis, feudalis et publici. Jena 1789 ( online )

literature

  • Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Gerhard Fleischer d. J., Leipzig, 1805, vol. 5, p. 342, ( online )
  • Christoph Weidlich : Reliable news from the legal scholars living now. Carl Christian Kümmel, Halle (Saale), 1761, vol. 5, p. 56 ( online )
  • Christoph Weidlich: History of the legal scholars living now in Teuschland and partly also outside the same, which as a legal scholar lexicon in alphabetical order. Johann Gottlob Schubart, Merseburg, 1748, vol. 1, p. 349 ( online )
  • Christoph Weidlich: Lexicon or abbreviated life descriptions of all legal scholars living now, in alphabetical order. Johann Heinrich Grunert, Halle (Saale), 1766, p. 79 ( online )
  • Johann Christoph Mylius: Jena flourished in 1743. Georg Michael Marggraf, Jena 1743, pp. 185–187 ( online )
  • Coat of arms and gender notices of the noble von Hellfeld family. In: Weekly for the noblesse and for friends of the Wapen and noble gender. Eisenach, December 17, 1785, 6th St. ( Online )
  • Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Johann Friedrich Gleditsch , Leipzig, 1829, 2nd section, 5th vol., P. 170, ( online )
  • Johann Caspar Heimburg: Programma II. De interlocutionibus principum. Jena 1739 (Dean's program for the doctorate of Johann August Hellfeld (Gotha), online )
  • Albert Teichmann :  Hellfeld, Joh. August . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 697 f.

Web link

personal data
SURNAME Hellfeld, Johann August von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1717
PLACE OF BIRTH Gotha
DATE OF DEATH May 13, 1782
Place of death Jena