Johann Gottfried Eichhorn

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Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, portrait by Anton Graff , 1779
Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, engraving by Ludwig Emil Grimm (1823)
Eichhorn's grave in the Albanifriedhof in Göttingen's Cheltenhampark

Johann Gottfried Eichhorn (born October 16, 1752 in Dörrenzimmern in the Principality of Hohenlohe-Öhringen, † June 25, 1827 in Göttingen ) was an orientalist , historian and theologian and is counted among the group of supranaturalist rationalists of the time.

Life

Eichhorn studied in Göttingen , became rector of Ohrdruf , in 1775 professor of oriental languages ​​in Jena and in 1788 in Göttingen, where he also read by name about the political history of old and new times and the history of literature. In 1810 he was elected a full member of the Royal Society of Sciences (today's Academy of Sciences in Göttingen ), of which he was co-secretary from 1812 to 1814 together with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach . Since 1808 he was a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . He became a privy councilor in 1819 and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1825 . He died on June 25, 1827. Among his students were the future orientalist Friedrich Wilken , the Jewish historian Isaak Markus Jost and the Tibetologist Sándor Csoma . His son, the later lawyer Karl Friedrich Eichhorn , was born in Jena in 1781.

Act

In his adaptations of the historical-critical introduction to the Old Testament (Leipzig 1780–1783, 3 volumes; 4th edition. Göttingen 1824, 5 volumes) and the introduction to the New Testament (Göttingen 1804–1814, 3 volumes; new edition 1820 –1827, 5 volumes) he provided the first example of a purely literary-historical treatment of documents in a biblical context based on knowledge of antiquity and the Orient. Nevertheless, his most famous theories and reconstructions, such as the bold original gospel hypothesis , are mostly of historical value today. He also published the repertory for biblical and oriental literature (Göttingen 1777–1786, 18 volumes) and the general library of biblical literature (Leipzig 1787–1801, 10 volumes).

See also

Works (selection)

  • Prehistory. (edited by I. Ph. Gabler). Nuremberg 1790–1793, 2 volumes.
  • The Hebrew Prophets . Göttingen 1816–1820, 3 volumes.
  • General history of the culture and literature of modern Europe . Göttingen 1796–1799, 2 volumes; unfinished.
  • Overview of the French Revolution . Göttingen 1797, 2 volumes.
  • Literary history . Volume I, Göttingen 1799; 2nd Edition. 1813; Volume II, 1814.
  • History of literature from its beginning to the present day . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1805–1813, 6 volumes in 12 parts; Volume 1, 2nd edition. 1828, unfinished.
  • World history . Göttingen 1799–1814, 5 volumes; 3. Edition. 1818-1820.
  • History of the last three centuries . Göttingen 1803–1806, 6 volumes; 3. Edition. 1817-1818
  • 19th century history . Goettingen 1817.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Gottfried Eichhorn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 74.
  2. Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 13.
  3. ^ Member entry of Johann Gottfried Eichhorn at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 30, 2017.