Supranaturalism

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Supranaturalism (from Latin supra "over"; natura "nature") is the assumption of the existence of the supernatural, that is, of structures or objects that are not part of the sensually perceptible world of things, but rather underlie or transcend it. In roughly this sense, Immanuel Kant , among others, also used the term prominently, but specifically means that the above-mentioned prerequisite represents an epistemological foundation. In (Protestant) Christianity , supranaturalism in the narrower sense means the acceptance of a divine revelation , the content of which exceeds the human understanding, but which can nonetheless be experienced.

Christian supranaturalism

In Protestant theology , according to Julius Wegscheider, supranaturalism is "the way of thinking according to which one believes in a knowledge communicated directly and supernaturally by God , which as such is simply above reason " , which also includes the belief in a supernatural revelation . In the justification, reference is made at this point to Immanuel Kant , who denies human reason the possibility of gaining knowledge regarding God's communication. Christ is seen hereafter as the guarantor of the divine authority of Scripture , which is nevertheless interpreted in a rationalistic sense.

Historically, (Protestant) supranaturalism has its roots in Württemberg , where the University of Tübingen remains almost free of rationalism . The older supranaturalist Tübingen school is associated with the name Gottlob Christian Storr . Other Tübingen representatives are the brothers Johann Friedrich Flatt and Carl Christian von Flatt , Nathanael Friedrich von Köstlin , Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind and Friedrich Steudel. In northern Germany, the Dresden court preacher Franz Volkmar Reinhard should be mentioned. The North German group also includes Georg Christian Knapp , Johann August Heinrich Tittmann , Johann Friedrich Kleuker and Ernst Sartorius .

Rationalist supranaturalism

Mediating between rationalism and supranaturalism is the so-called rationalistic supranaturalism (also: supranaturalistic rationalism), with which the close relationship between supranaturalism and rationalism despite mutual polemics becomes explicit - especially since the actual opposites in supranaturalism vs. Naturalism and in rationalism vs. Irrationalism. The Christianity is paid first as a religion of reason . But its origin lies in the immediate divine revelation , the meaning of which is understood to be educational.

Representative of this position

literature

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  • Karl Rahner: Writings on theology. Volume 1, Einsiedeln 1954ff, pp. 347-375.
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  • J. Michael Stebbins: Bernard Lonergan's early theology of grace: A commentary on "De ente supernaturali" , Boston College Ph.D. 1990.
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  • Graham Ward: Supernaturalism. In: Encyclopedia of Science and Religion. Pp. 846-848.
  • Joachim Weinhardt: Supranaturalism . In: TRE . tape 32 , 2001, p. 467–472 ( online in Google Book Search).

Web links

Wiktionary: Supranaturalism  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations