Johann Friedrich Kleuker

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Gravestone of Johann Friedrich Kleuker, Parkfriedhof Eichhof, Kiel

Johann Friedrich Kleuker (born October 24, 1749 in Osterode am Harz , † June 1, 1827 in Kiel ) was a German Protestant theologian and university professor .

Life

As the son of a camelot weaver, Kleuker studied theology, philology and philosophy at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen from 1770 . From 1773 he worked as a private tutor in Bückeburg , where he made the acquaintance of Johann Gottfried Herder . Herder found Kleuker in 1775 the position of a prorector in Lemgo . In 1778 he became a grammar school rector in Osnabrück . There he met Justus Möser , whose niece Klara married Auguste von Lengerke Kleuker in 1784.

With the help of his friends Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg and through the mediation of Count Friedrich Karl von Reventlow , Kleuker received a professorship for theology at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel in 1798 . He was appointed full professor of the Old Testament and the New Testament without any such chair at the university being vacant. The appointment was sponsored by the pietistic Emkendorfer Kreis ; because Kleuker, as a representative of supranaturalism, was supposed to push back the theological rationalism that ruled Kiel :

Since 1791 Johann Otto Thieß (1762-1810) held a theology professorship at Kiel University as a representative of the rationalist direction. With his book Jesus and Reason in 1794, Thiess sparked an open dispute between the two camps. General Superintendent von Holstein, Johann Leonhard Callisen, also took part in this as an opponent of the rationalists . At the same time there were debates about a new Schleswig-Holstein church agenda , which Jakob Georg Christian Adler , the general superintendent of Schleswig, had worked out and which was published in 1797. In these conflicts, Johann Friedrich Kleuker was unable to take on a mediating position in Kiel. Ultimately, its importance lay primarily in the further development of comparative religious studies and in apologetics . He particularly influenced the pastoral theologian Claus Harms . In 1810/11 he was rector of the university in the Duchy of Holstein .

Kleuker had an extensive private library. With regard to his areas of research and interests, Kleuker was compared with the theologian Johann Friedrich von Meyer . Despite this diversity, Kleuker's theological apologetics was based on supranaturalism, which influenced his thinking.

Publications

  • German translation of the work of Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron : Zend-Avesta , ouvrage de Zoroaster . Paris 1771. Three volumes. Hartknoch, Riga 1776–1778. Revised new edition of the Kleuker edition under the title Das Zend-Avesta , ed. v. Ulrich Hannemann, Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 3-89998-199-5
  • Magikon or the secret system of a society of unknown philosophers. 1784. Reprinted by Ansata, Schwarzenburg 1980.
  • Solomonic Memories. The book of wisdom translated as an appendix and explained with notes. Hartnoch, Riga 1785.
  • New examination and explanation of the excellent evidence for the truth and the divine origin of Christianity, like Revelation in general. Hartnoch, Riga 1787 a. 1789.
  • Zend-Avesta in miniature. This is Ormuzd 's law of light or word of life to Zoroastre . Hartnoch, Riga 1789. Reprint: Kessinger Pub, 2009 ISBN 978-1-120-05637-5
  • Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus Defending the Christian Cause against the Gentiles. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1797.
  • The Brahmanic religious system presented in context and explained on its basic terms, as well as from the different classes of India with special regard to Fr. Paullini a S. Bartholomaeo Systema Brahmanicum . Hartnoch, Riga 1797.
  • Outline of an encyclopedia of theology or Christian religious studies . Two volumes. 1800 u. 1801.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kamelott is a plain weave fabric: worsted wool in the warp and cotton in the weft. (DTV Lexicon: Lemma Kamelott. Munich 2006.)
  2. ↑ Werner Schütz: Johann Friedrich Kleuker. Its position in the religious history of the late 18th century . Röhrscheid, Bonn 1927, p. 10
  3. ↑ Rector's speeches (HKM)
  4. ↑ Catalogus librorum Kleukeri . Kiel 1828
  5. ↑ Werner Schütz: Johann Friedrich Kleuker. Its position in the religious history of the late 18th century . Röhrscheid, Bonn 1927, p. 7 u. 11

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kleuker, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Protestant high school and university teacher
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1749
PLACE OF BIRTH Osterode am Harz
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1827
Place of death Kiel