Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner

Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner (born November 14, 1778 in Mittweida , † February 17, 1828 in Leipzig ) was a German Protestant theologian.

Life

origin

Born as the son of Mittweidaer former deacon and later pastor Christoph Gottlieb Tzschirner († 1801) and his wife Johanna Dorothea Pfeiffer, he initially had lessons with private tutors in his place of birth. At the age of 14 he attended the Lyceum in Chemnitz , where he enjoyed the lessons of the then Rector Johann Gottfried Rothe and the Vice Rector Johann Theophilus Lessing (1732-1808). During his school days there, he made friends with, among others, Karl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz (1772-1838), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider (1776-1848), Julius Friedrich Winzer (1778-1845), Victorin Gottfried Facilides (1777-1841) and Daniel Amadeus Neander (1775-1869).

family

Tzschirner's first marriage was Auguste Klotzsch († 1817) in 1806, and the marriage had no children. He had four children from his second marriage to Marianne Schlemm.

Education

In 1796 he moved to the University of Leipzig , heard philology from Christian Daniel Beck and became a member of the same philological society. Tzschirner also heard philosophy from Ernst Platner (1744–1818), Karl Adolph Cäsar (1744–1810) and Karl Heinrich Heydenreich (1764–1801), history from Beck and Ernst Carl Wieland (1755–1828), the theological sciences from Johann Friedrich Burscher (1732–1805), Johann Georg Rosenmüller (1736–1815), Johann August Wolf (1750–1809), Karl August Gottlieb Keil (1754–1818) and Johann August Heinrich Tittmann (1773–1831), Hebrew with Christian Gottlieb Kühnöl (1768–1841), as well as Friedrich August Carus (1770–1807) and Arabic with Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller (1768–1835). At the same time he became a member of the Latin Society.

academic career

After he had passed his candidate exam with honor in Dresden , he graduated in Leipzig on February 27, 1800 the academic degree of a master's degree in philosophy, he completed his habilitation on the advice of his Dresden examiner Franz Volkmar Reinhard (1753-1812) on February 23, 1800 with the three-part dissertation Observationes Pauli apostoli epistolarum scriptoris ingenium concernentes as Magister legens at the University of Wittenberg and on February 26 of the same year became an adjunct of the philosophical faculty. After giving lectures in Wittenberg for a year, he traveled to Mittweida to see his sick father, where he was appointed deacon in Mittweida by the magistrate. For four years, Tzschirner had also been active in literature and drew attention to himself with his large-scale volume on the history of the apologetics of Christianity . This recognition earned him an associate professorship in theology at the University of Wittenberg in 1805.

In this function he managed the electoral scholarship holders, advanced to licentiate in theology under Karl Ludwig Nitzsch (1751-1831) and defended his disputation de dignitate homnis per religionem christiam adserta et declarata on November 28, 1805 . Vit. Ex officina Melzeriana . On December 2nd, his solemn doctorate took place in the Wittenberg Castle Church. Michael Weber (1754–1833) was his promoter and the Prokanzler Nitzsch then gave a speech about de vi, quam habeat Apologetice ad theologiam universam persiciendam . Subsequently, Tzschirner was created by Weber as a doctor of theology. Then Tschirner gave a short speech and the celebration ended with the Te Deum laudamus . He had thus fulfilled the requirements for a full professorship, which he took up on December 7th. In his work as a Wittenberg professor, he read about natural religion, religious and church history, as well as dogmatics and the history of dogmas.

Theological conceptions

For him the idea of ​​reason was morality, the highest principle of Christian doctrine. It was important for him to hold fast to the scriptures, which corresponded to a moral need for him. He did not reject divine revelation, but in his ethical-critical rationalism he pulled it down from the sphere of the unattainable for reason, seeing in it only a confirmation of the truth of the rational religion by a messenger of God. After the death of his former professor Wolf, Tzschirner found himself in a larger sphere of activity in Leipzig in 1809. Therefore he moved to the University of Leipzig as fourth professor and in 1811 became rector of the Leipzig University . As a Saxon patriot, he accompanied his home troops under Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar , as field provost to Tournay. He returned in 1815 as archdeacon at the Thomaskirche , superintendent of the Leipzig diocese and assessor at the Leipzig consistory .

The Tzschirner, who read church history , dogmatics and homiletics in Leipzig , was influenced in his thinking by Immanuel Kant . He therefore advocated a moderate ethical-critical rationalism and a constitutional reformist liberalism , from which the foundations of his rationalistic supranaturalism grew. Tzschirner moved up to the third Leipzig theological professorship and was connected to it as a canon in Zeitz . After he became second professor in 1818, he took over the canon position in Meißen . The great efforts that he endured in his time were also reflected in an increasingly poor state of health. In the winter of 1823 Tzschirner fell ill with sticky cough, which manifested itself in increasing difficulty breathing. Even cures did not improve his health, so that he finally died in 1828.

Selection of works

  • About the relationship between virtues and vices. Leipzig 1809
  • Sermons. Leipzig 1812
  • About Johann Matthias Schröckh's life, character and writings. Leipzig 1812
  • About the war. Leipzig 1815
  • Marriage from the point of view of nature, morality and the Church. Leipzig 1819
  • The Greek cause, the European cause. Leipzig 1821
  • Protestantism and Catholicism from the standpoint of politics. Leipzig 1822; 4th edition 1824 ( digitized version )
  • The danger of a German revolution. Leipzig 1823
  • The return of Catholic Christians in the Grand Duchy of Baden to Protestant Christianity. Fleischer, Leipzig 1823 ( digitized version ).
  • The reaction system. Leipzig 1824
  • Johann David Goldhorn (Ed.): Sermons, given by Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner , 4 volumes, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1828–1929.
  • The fall of paganism. Leipzig 1829

editor

  • Christian church history . by Johann Matthias Schröckh 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1827
  • Memorabilia for the study and administration of the preacher. Leipzig 1820

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1778
PLACE OF BIRTH Mittweida
DATE OF DEATH February 17, 1828
Place of death Leipzig