Johann Franz Buddeus

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Johann Franz Buddeus, engraving by Johann Georg Wolffgang
Johann Franz Buddeus

Johann Franz Buddeus (also: Budde , Buddaus ; * June 25, 1667 in Anklam ; † November 19, 1729 in Gotha ) was a German philosopher and Evangelical Lutheran theologian close to Pietism .

Life

The son of the pastor at the Nikolaikirche Franz Buddeus (1634–1706) and his wife Katharina, b. Balthasar , († 1689) was taught by private tutors in his earliest childhood and thus acquired extensive knowledge of the oriental languages ​​and theological contexts. In 1685 he moved to the University of Wittenberg , where he attended lectures in the philosophical faculty with teachers such as Christian Donati , Christian Röhrensee , Johann Baptist Roeschel and Theodor Dassov . In addition, according to his inclination, he heard the theological explanations of Michael Walther and Johann Georg Neumann. In 1687 he obtained the academic degree of a master's degree with the disputation “Praeses, de Symbolis Eucharisticis” and was habilitated as an adjunct at the philosophical faculty in 1689 with the disputation “de allegoriis Origenis” .

In the same year he moved to the University of Jena , where he - supported by Caspar Sagittarius (1643–1694) - devoted himself to historical studies. In 1692 he went to Coburg as a grammar school professor for Greek and Latin and in 1693 moved to the newly established University of Halle as professor of ethics . In Halle he became one of the respected scholars at the philosophical faculty. 1695 he acquired there with the disputation "de capitibus, quihus clarissimi viri, Peter Chauvinus Vrigniusque inter se contendunt" the licentiate in theology and a doctorate in 1705 with the disputation "de notionum Moralium & civilium ad alias disciplinas translatione, caute instituenda" Doctor of Theology .

Thereupon he was appointed second professor of theology at the University of Jena in the same year. There he later became full professor of the theological faculty and was also rector of the academy three times. Buddeus was considered a moderate and universal theologian of his time. He stood between Pietism and Lutheran Orthodoxy and, as a theologian of the transition period, also paved the way for the Enlightenment . He had contacts with leading figures of Pietism such as August Gottlieb Spangenberg , Philipp Jakob Spener and Nikolaus Ludwig Graf von Zinzendorf .

Buddeus found his final resting place in Gotha Cemetery I ( Alter Gottesacker ) between Bürgeraue and Eisenacher Strasse. After the cemetery was closed in 1874, his grave slab was moved to the cloister of the Augustinian Church , where it can still be seen today.

family

On February 27, 1693 he married Katharina Susanne geb. Poßner, the oldest daughter of the Jena physics professor Caspar Posner . After she died in 1714 and left him three sons and one daughter, he entered into a second marriage in 1716 with Elenora Magdalena, née. Zopf, daughter of the Gera preacher Johann Caspar Zopf and sister of the theologian Johann Heinrich Zopf . This marriage resulted in two sons who did not survive their father. His daughter Charlotta Katharina married the professor of theology in Jena Johann Georg Walch . His son from his first marriage, Karl Franz Buddeus (1695–1753), became a well-known lawyer and Vice Chancellor of Gotha. His daughter Charlotte Eleonore Hedwig (1727–1794) is the mother of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach , making Johann Franz Buddeus the great-grandfather of the founder of zoology and anthropology.

Selection of works

  • Elementa philosophiae practicae , 1697, 3rd edition 1707 (= vol. 3 of the collected writings )
  • Dissertatio politico-moralis de metu comparationis , 1701 (with Johann Jacob von Lüdecke )
  • Introductio ad historiam philosophiae ebraeorum , Halle 1702 (Vol. 4 of the collected writings )
  • Elementa philosophiae instrumentalis, seu institutionum philosophiae eclecticae tomus primus , 1703, 9th edition 1725 (= vol. 1 of the collected writings )
  • Elementa philosophiae theoreticae, seu institutionum philosophiae eclecticae tomus secundus , 1703, 8th edition 1724 (= vol. 2 of the collected writings )
  • Analecta historiae philosophicae , 1706, 2nd edition 1724 (= vol. 5 of the collected writings )
  • Institutiones theologiae moralis , 1711, 2nd edition 1727 (= vol. 6 of the collected writings )
  • Historia ecclesiastica Veteris Testamenti ab orbe condito usque ad Christum natum , 2 parts., 1715 u. 1718
  • Theses theologicae de atheismo et superstitione , 1716
  • Institutiones theologicae dogmaticae , 1723
  • Historical and theological introduction to the most distinguished religious disputes , 1724 a. 1728
  • Isagoge historico-theologica ad theologiam universum singulasque eius partes , 3 parts, 1727
  • Historical and political study of alchemy , and what should be made of it? . Felßecker, Nuremberg 1727 (facsimile: Olms, Hildesheim 1976)
  • Ecclesia apostolica sive de statu ecclesiae christianae sub apostolibus , 1729
  • Compendium historiae philosophiae ebraicae , posthumous edition 1731, with a foreword by Johann Georg Walch
  • Collected writings Reprint Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1999–2006 (8 vols.)

literature

Web links

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