Early Romanticism
The early romanticism , a period of romanticism , also called the "older romanticism", lasted from 1795/98 to 1804.
- Theoretical structure of the new attitude towards life and art view
- Athenaeum magazine (philosophy, theory, literary works)
- Centers are Jena (university), Berlin ( literary salons )
Philosophers
Fichte ties in directly with Kant and dedicates himself to a purely human, self-based theory of knowledge. The I (= the creative human personality) creates the non-I (= outside / environment) for itself with the help of the creative imagination, in which it can act morally. The not-I is therefore nothing foreign, but a creation of the I!
Schelling critically follows up on Fichte's theory of science. Nature and spirit form a unit. They are two revelations of the same principle, the “ world soul ”. Everything in the universe is animated. Art is the highest form of everything earthly.
Knowledge and belief, science and art, philosophy and religion are one for the romantics → romantic universal poetry → Schleiermacher: religion is the oneness of the individual with the infinite.
theorist
Lectures, translations (among others, August Wilhelm Schlegel translated Shakespeare into German together with his then wife Caroline (later: Schelling) and Ludwig Tieck )
The poet creates works with the help of imagination (“genius” = enhancement of an innate ability in all human beings). Just as the human ego creates the not-ego, poetry is the implementation of the mind to create poetic images: 1. Act of poetic fantasy = creating objects; 2. Act of poetic fantasy = to dissolve this objectivity into similes and poetic images. → The poet reinterprets the world. He can destroy what he has created at any time (destruction of a previously created illusion = romantic irony )
poet
- Shakespeare translation with August Wilhelm Schlegel
- Editing of German folk books (in a strange mixture of lyrical, epic and dramatic forms of representation)
- Novellas , romantic fairy tale dramas
- Poetry : intimate religiosity in the sense of Romanticism (Novalis calls for a return to the Catholic unity of Europe), v. a. Hymns to the night = rhythmic prose (deep shock over the death of his 15-year-old bride - longing for death : the beloved "dies")
- Fantastic development novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen (in Romanticism he was the creator of the Nibelungenlied ): symbol of the blue flower (promises Heinrich all bliss in dreams → symbol of longing), fusion of dream and reality; unfinished (Novalis dies of a lung disease at the age of 29)
literature
-
Ernst Behler : Early Romanticism. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1992, ISBN 3-11-011888-2 (Göschen collection 2807), introduction.
- Reprint 2010: ISBN 978-3110118889
- Manfred Frank : “Infinite Approach”. The beginnings of early philosophical romanticism. 2nd Edition. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-518-28928-4 (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 1328).
- Lothar Pikulik: Early Romanticism. Epoch, works, effect. 2nd bibliographically supplemented edition. Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-47030-0 (workbooks on the history of literature).