Development novel
The term development novel describes a type of novel in which the spiritual and spiritual development of a main character is shown in their confrontation with themselves and with the environment. The development novel describes the process of maturation of the protagonist , who processes his experiences reflectively and incorporates them into his personality.
The terms Bildungsroman and Entwicklungsroman are closely related, the latter being characterized by the fact that, from the reader's point of view, there is not necessarily a higher level of ability or education as a result at the end of the development of the main character.
In development novels, it is often negative experiences that influence the development of personality. They induce the hero of the novel to “go into himself”, help him to realize that he has pursued unattainable goals, made unjustified claims or made serious mistakes. By admitting this, he creates the opportunity to turn around and give his development a different direction ( disillusionment ) in the case of an educational novel - or to fail or to be neutral from the perspective of the viewer in the educational novel or development novel.
Examples
The development novels include:
- Parzival ( Wolfram von Eschenbach , early 13th century)
- The adventurous Simplicissimus Teutsch ( Grimmelshausen , 1668)
- History of the Agathon ( Christoph Martin Wieland , 1766/67)
- Anton Reiser ( Karl Philipp Moritz , 1785–90)
- Wilhelm Meister's apprenticeship years ( Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , 1795/96)
- Premonition and the present ( Joseph von Eichendorff , 1815)
- From the life of a good-for-nothing (Joseph von Eichendorff, 1826)
- Vittoria Accorombona ( Ludwig Tieck , 1840)
- The green Heinrich ( Gottfried Keller , 1854/55)
- Post-summer ( Adalbert Stifter , 1857)
- The Hunger Pastor ( Wilhelm Raabe , 1864)
- Countess Gisela ; The Haideprinzeschen ( E. Marlitt , 1869 or 1871)
- The confusions of the pupil Törless ( Robert Musil , 1906)
- Demian ( Hermann Hesse , 1919)
- Siddhartha (Hermann Hesse, 1922)
- The Magic Mountain ( Thomas Mann , 1924)
- The Young Tobias ( Karl Scheffler , 1927)
- Boëtius von Orlamünde ( Ernst Weiß , 1928)
- The Glass Bead Game (Hermann Hesse, 1931–1943)
- The Morgenlandfahrt (Hermann Hesse, short story, 1932)
- The second day ( Ilja Ehrenburg , 1933)
- Without breathing space (Ilja Ehrenburg, 1935)
- The poor spendthrift ( Ernst Weiß , 1936)
- The passport ( Bruno Frank , 1937)
- Transit ( Anna Seghers , 1944)
- Homo faber ( Max Frisch , 1957)
- The tin drum ( Günter Grass , 1959)
- Green Days by the River ( Michael Anthony , 1967)
- Caught in New York ( Ben Bova , 1976)
- Perfume ( Patrick Süskind , 1985)
- The Fly Catcher ( Willy Russell , 2000)
Developing novels have also been written especially for young readers since the 19th century. Examples:
- Little Women ( Louisa May Alcott , 1868/69)
- Anne of Green Gables ( Lucy Maud Montgomery , 1908)
- Family game ( Anne Fine , 1995)
- Just (not) a marriage ( Bali Rai , 2001)
- Harry Potter ( Joanne K. Rowling , 1997-2007)
- Eragon ( Christopher Paolini , 2004–2011)
- The Smell of Other People's Houses , by Bonnie-Sue Hitchcock, 2016
literature
- Heinz Hillmann, Peter Hühn: The development novel in Europe and overseas. Literary life plans of the modern age. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2001, ISBN 3-534-15055-4 .
- Lothar Köhn: development and educational novel. A research report. Metzler, Stuttgart 1969.
- Herbert Tiefenbacher: Text structures of the development and educational novel. On the plot and narrative structure of selected novels between naturalism and the First World War. (= University publications, literary studies. 54). Forum Academicum in the Athenaeum publishing group, Königstein / Ts. 1982, ISBN 3-445-02235-6 .
- Helga Esselborn-Krumbiegel: The "hero" in the novel. Forms of the German development novel in the early 20th century . Dissertation . Scientific Book Society, 1983, ISBN 3-534-08951-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ruth Sassenhausen: Wolframs von Eschenbach "Parzival" as a novel of development , Böhlau Verlag, 2007.