Jean-Baptiste Carrier
Jean-Baptiste Carrier (born March 16, 1756 in Yolet near Aurillac , Auvergne , † December 16, 1794 in Paris ) was a French revolutionary and a member of the French National Convention .
Life
Carrier was procurator when he was elected a member of the convention in 1792. Here he joined the mountain party (the Montagnards ) and belonged to both the Cordeliers and the Jacobins . During the Reign of Terror , he was one of their furious fanatics. His appearance in Nantes is notorious , where he was sent in October 1793 as a representative en mission . Nantes was one of the centers of the royalist and federalist counter-revolution, where the rebels of the Vendée and their families had fled after their defeat at Le Mans and Savenay and which - together with rebels from Nantes - filled the prisons.
Carrier had the prisoners executed en masse without trial. Since shooting or guillotining was too much effort, men, women and children were put in boats , the bottom of which could be opened by a hatch and then sank with their cargo. Carrier called these drownings Noyades ("drownings"), Baignades ("baths"), Déportations verticales ("vertical deportations") or Mariages républicains ("republican weddings"), the latter because you usually have two people, a man and a woman, tied together. 16,000 people are said to have been killed in this way during his four months of activity.
Adolphe Thiers puts the victims at 4,000 to 5,000: “The Loire was overflowing with corpses; the anchors of the ships often lifted entire vessels full of drowned people; Birds of prey covered the banks of the river and fed on human remains. "
After Robespierre's fall ( 9th Thermidor II ), an investigation was initiated against him at the trial of several residents of Nantes who had been referred to the Revolutionary Tribunal by Carrier and Carrier and two of his accomplices were guillotined in Paris on December 16, 1794 .
Carrier defended itself in the process by having acted on behalf of and in coordination with the welfare committee. During the trial there were violent arguments between Jacobins and Thermidorians over the treatment of domestic opponents of the revolution.
literature
- Maurice Fleury: Carrier à Nantes. 1793-1794. Plon-Nourrit, Paris 1897.
- Alfred Lallié: JB Carrier, représentant du Cantal à la Convention 1756–1794 d'après de nouveaux documents. Perrin, Paris 1901.
- Gaston Martin: Carrier et sa mission à Nantes. Les Presses Universitaires, Paris 1924.
- Adolphe Thiers : History of the French Revolution. Volume 4, trans. A. Walthner, Mannheim 1844.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Thiers: Gesch. the French Rev. Vol. 4, pp. 58-62.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Carrier, Jean-Baptiste |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French revolutionary |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 16, 1756 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Yolet at Aurillac , Auvergne |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 16, 1794 |
| Place of death | Paris |